Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The history of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), known for ten years, is presented. During the terminal stage of the disease, she developed hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. The peripheral blood and lymph node lymphocytes contained crystalline inclusions in the dilated cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum. The possible mechanism of hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia and the significance of the crystalline inclusion are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and cytoplasmic inclusions in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 21 4

Under short duration hypercalcemia induced by pharmacological doses of vitamin D3 significant ultrastructural changes were observed in the renomedullary interstitial cells of rats. The most striking alteration was the degranulation of these cells accompanied with the increase in volume of the rough and smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, enlargement of the Golgi apparatus and occurence of osmiophilic inclusions probably of lipid nature in mitochondria. The ultrastructural changes can be regarded as an expression of the increase of a synthetic and secretory activity of the renomedullary interstitial cells and they may be associated with an enhanced production of prostaglandins or other lipid hormonal substances than prostaglandins under condition of hypercalcemia.
 ...
PMID:The ultrastructure of renomedullary interstitial cells in short duration hypercalcemia induced by vitamin D3. 23 48

Male rats weighing 220-250 g were injected i.m. daily with 0.1 mg commercial human growth hormone for 3 days or 12 days. The serum concentration of total calcium phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated for some days and returned to normal values at the end of the test period. The parathyroid glands, as studied by light and electron microscopical morphometry showed signs of reduced activity at the 4th day and also at the 13th day: a lowered nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and a decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum, of Golgi apparatus and of plasmalemmal tortuosity. The findings suggest a hypercalcemic effect of growth hormone involving peripheral organs of calcium metabolism, especially kidney and bone, and a secondary suppression of parathyroid glands by hypercalcemia.20
 ...
PMID:Parathyroid function in rats treated with growth hormone. A morphometric study. 82 5

Fine structural alterations of thyroid C cells and parathyroid chief cells were evaluated after feeding dried leaves of the calcinogenic plant, Solanum malacoxylon, to cattle for 1, 6 and 32 days. Thyroid C cells initially were degranulated in response to the hypercalcemia, and parathyroid chief cells accumulated secretory granules. There was hypertrophy of thyroid C cells with well-developed secretory organelles but few secretory granules in the cytoplasm after 6 days of feeding S. malacoxylon. Inactive chief cells with dispersed profiles of endoplasmic reticulum and increased lysosomal bodies predominated in the parathyroid glands. Multiple foci of soft tissue mineralization were present in the heart, lung, and kidney. Thyroid C cells underwent hypertrophy and hyperplasia after 32 days of S. malacoxylon, and parathyroid chief cells were inactive or atrophic in response to the long-term hypercalcemia. Severe soft tissue mineralization was present throughout the cardiovascular system, lung, kidney, and spleen. These ultrastructural changes in thyroid C cells and parathyroid chief cells plus the widespread soft tissue mineralization observed after feeding cattle small amounts of S. malacoxylon are consistent with the recent evidence that leaves of this plant are a potent source of the active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, of vitamin D.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural evaluation of parathyroid glands and thyroid C cells of cattle fed Solanum malacoxylon. 86 16

Morphological studies of the parathyroid glands from adult Mongolian gerbils in which hypercalcaemia had been induced by thyroidectomy and calcium injections for 2-19 days were carried out. The potassium pyro-antimonate technique and subsequent X-ray analysis of the precipitates were used for ultrastructural localization of cations. Ultrastructurally, most (suppressed) chief cells exhibited a dense cytoplasm, medium-sized or large mitochondria, glycogen particles, inconspicuous endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, calcium-containing precipitates mainly in mitochondria and nuclei, and sometimes also lysosomal bodies and accumulations of secretory granules which occasionally seemed to be discharged into cytoplasmic vacuoles. A few parenchymal cells showed a low cytoplasmic density, few organelles, and structurally altered mitochondria, occasionally with associated smooth-surfaced vacuoles. These cells possessed calcium-containing precipitates in mitochondria, smooth-surfaced vacuoles, and also diffusely in the cytosol. It is concluded, that, in the main part of the parenchymal cells, the hypercalcaemia had resulted in a suppression primarily of the synthetic and later also of the secretory activity, and that the calcium-containing precipitation is different in the chief cell variants.
 ...
PMID:Parathyroid morphology in gerbils after thyroidectomy and calcium administration. 118 57

Ultrastructural observation was performed in C cells of sheep injected intramuscularly with a dose of 2 million IU of vitamin D3 daily for 10 days, 20 days and 30 days, respectively. After treatment with vitamin D3, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of C cells were noticed mainly at the periphery of the thyroid follicles. Most of hypertrophied C cells degranulated conspicuously and contained many prosecretory granules near the well developed Golgi apparatus which were in the actively secreting and packaging phase of their secretory cycle. The other C cells had prominent lamellar arrays of rough-endoplasmic reticulum and aggregations of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm which were interpreted to be in the actively synthesizing phase of their secretory cycle. Atrophic C cells which contained degenerative organelles in the cytoplasm were occasionally observed among the hypertrophied C cells. The present ultrastructural findings clarified that C cells synthesize and secrete calcitonin continuously due to prolonged hypercalcemia induced by long-term administration of excessive doses of vitamin D3 in sheep.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructure of thyroid C cells in sheep treated with vitamin D3. 166 Nov 77

Hypercalcemia has been associated with acute pancreatitis clinically and in the experimental animal. We studied the pancreatic ultrastructure in acute experimental hypercalcemia. Anesthetized cats (Pentobarbital, 0.55 mg/kg) received Ca++ (Calcium-Gluconate: 0.6 mmol/kgh; n = 4), K+ (KCl: 1.1 mmol/kgh; n = 4) or NaCl (0.9%; n = 4) locally through retrograde infusion into the splenic artery. Biopsies for electron microscopy (EM) were taken at three hours. Eight cats received intravenous Ca++ (0.6 mmol/kgh, 0.3 mmol/kgh after three hours) or NaCl (0.9%) for 12 hours. Biopsies were collected in two animals in three-hour intervals, and in all animals at twelve hours. After local calcium infusion necrotizing pancreatitis was seen macroscopically in the body of the pancreas. Biopsies for EM showed acinar cell necrosis, hydrops of nuclei and mitochondria and needle-like precipitates in the cytoplasma in the center of calcium perfusion. Biopsies taken from the peripheral region of the macroscopically altered tissue revealed desorganisation of the acinar polarisation and the endoplasmic reticulum, with zymogen granules appearing in the basolateral cell-portion. After intravenous calcium administration no macroscopical changes were seen. In EM acinar cells showed dilatation and proliferation of the golgi apparatus and increased number of condensing vacuoles indicating stimulation. Again, disorganisation of acinar cell polarisation was present. Control animals treated with K+ or NaCl showed normal pancreatic ultrastructure. The morphological changes after calcium infusion indicate direct damage to the acinar cell. Our results suggest that hypercalcemia induced pancreatitis could originate in the acinar cell.
 ...
PMID:[Electron microscopy of the exocrine pancreas in experimental acute hypercalcemia]. 186 39

A 73-year-old man was admitted into the hospital because of lumbago in October, 1986. Laboratory examination on admission showed anemia, an IgA-kappa Bence Jones proteinemia. The bone marrow picture disclosed a marked involvement by the neoplastic cells, followed by leukemic conversion 2 weeks later. The leukemic cells displayed a lymphoblastoid appearance on light microscopy, but rather compatible with plasma cells on electron microscopy, showing some strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus in the cytoplasm. The cells expressed a wide spectrum of surface markers, including those of plasma cell (PCA-1, OKT10), B cell (B1, sIg) and CALLA. Reverse hemolytic plaque assay disclosed the immunoglobulin production of monoclonal kappa chain, but a heavy chain production was recognized only in a small proportion of the cells. Under the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, he was treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone. But he died of renal failure complicating hypercalcemia after only three months of the admission in accordance with previous reports that CALLA-positive myeloma was associated with poor prognosis. This case may also represent the clinical, morphological and phenotypic diversity in multiple myeloma.
 ...
PMID:[CALLA-positive leukemic multiple myeloma of IgA-kappa type]. 250 77

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ovary is a rare tumor of young females, frequently associated with hypercalcemia. Eight SCC specimens from six patients, including four with hypercalcemia, were examined by electron microscopy to determine if certain ultrastructural features were consistently present to be of diagnostic value and to assess histogenesis. Each tumor had epithelial features with frequent desmosome-like junctions and partial investment with basal lamina. The most consistent and prominent finding was abundant dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) forming large vesicles filled with homogeneous granular (proteinaceous) material of variable density. RER vesicles were identified in all six primary tumors and in both recurrent and metastatic lesions. Dense-core granules of neurosecretory type were absent. None showed immunohistochemical reactivity for parathyroid hormone. The ultrastructural features of SCC are sufficiently constant to be of diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. Histogenesis remains obscure.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural analysis of small cell carcinomas of the ovary. 284 73

In order to suppress the parathyroid glands by inducing hypercalcemia, young rats were fed a diet containing a low (0.02%) phosphate content. After 28 days blood samples were taken for estimation of serum calcium, phosphate and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. Both parathyroids from each animal were subjected to serial sectioning so that the total glandular volume could be calculated by light microscopy. Volume and surface densities of cells and organelles were measured according to conventional stereological principles, so that the total volumes and surface areas could be estimated. Phosphate depletion caused marked growth retardation. The animals also developed hypophosphatemia, but in spite of pronounced hypercalcemia the levels of circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone remained unchanged. The volume of the parathyroids was reduced, but only to an extent commensurate with the reduced body mass. In the experimental group the volume density of cells was unchanged, but that of nuclei was increased; the volume density of Golgi complexes was reduced. The densities of the other cell components measured, namely the volume density of mitochondria and the surface densities of secretory cells, nuclear membranes and rough endoplasmic reticulum were unchanged. When the volumes and surfaces were expressed in absolute terms and related to total body mass, no differences between the groups were apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Stereological studies of the parathyroids in the young rat with hypercalcemia induced by severe phosphate depletion. 290 Nov 63


1 2 3 4 Next >>