Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumour cells produce systemic or local factors which can stimulate osteoclast development and activity leading to increased bone resorption. The clinical consequences are bone pain, fractures and hypercalcaemia. Inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, such as the bisphosphonates, are now the treatment of choice for tumour-induced hypercalcaemia. Recent evidence indicates that these compounds, especially the newer ones, reduce skeletal morbidity in patients with metastatic bone disease and improve their quality of life. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumour-induced bone resorption and development of more potent and less toxic bisphosphonates will lead to improved management of patients with malignant diseases involving the skeleton.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992 Sep
PMID:Modulation of tumour-induced bone resorption by bisphosphonates. 152 54

Male broiler chicks (1-d-old; Ross one) were given either a control diet containing recommended levels of phosphorus, calcium and cholecalciferol or experimental diets low in P and with variable levels of Ca (normal and low) and cholecalciferol (normal or high). The low-P diet with normal levels of Ca and cholecalciferol induced a hypophosphataemia and a hypercalcaemia which was reflected in reduced tibia length and weight and in reduced Ca, P and magnesium contents of tibia. The phytate digestibility remained normal while the retention of P and Ca fell significantly. The lowering of Ca alone elevated phytate digestibility and restored P and Ca retention. The hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia remained and tibia mineralization remained impaired. The raising of cholecalciferol alone dramatically increased phytate digestibility and the retention of Ca and P. While this remedied the hypercalcaemia, the hypophosphataemia persisted as did the diminution of tibia weight. The simultaneous lowering of dietary Ca and elevation of cholecalciferol on low-P diets restored all variables to the levels for the control diet. Circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol were significantly elevated by low-P diets, more so with high cholecalciferol intakes. However, Ca did not influence 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels in plasma.
Br J Nutr 1991 Sep
PMID:The effects of dietary levels of inorganic phosphorus, calcium and cholecalciferol on the digestibility of phytate-P by the chick. 166 69

In sarcoidosis the excess of calcitriol of extrarenal origin induces changes in calcium metabolism (CM), specifically hypercalciuria and less often hypercalcemia. We report the results of the study of CM in 44 sarcoidosis patients (mean age 43.7 +/- 11 years, M +/- SD, 21 males). 25% were on steroid therapy at the time of the tests. 34% of the patients had hypercalciuria, this figure rose to 39% if only untreated patients were considered. Hypercalcemia was found in only 2.2%. Chronic forms and extrathoracic involvement (mostly skin) were more frequent in the hypercalciuric patients than in the normocalciuric.
Sarcoidosis 1991 Sep
PMID:Abnormalities in calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. 166 92

Surgical regimens for treatment of solitary parathyroid adenoma were compared in a multicentre study in five departments of surgery in the United States and Europe. Three hundred and twenty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight years after the operation 272 patients (84%) were available for follow-up investigation. Severe postoperative hypocalcaemia (less than 2.00 mmol) was significantly more common after bilateral than unilateral exploration (p less than 0.001), and in women (p less than 0.01). Neither age nor preoperative serum calcium concentration was related to the severity of postoperative hypocalcaemia. At follow-up, 96% of the patients who had had unilateral, and 89% of those who had had Bilateral exploration had remained normocalcaemic without further treatment. Of the patients who had had incisional biopsies of normal glands 8% had hypercalcaemia and 8% had hypocalcaemia. Of patients operated on without a biopsy being taken or who had had one whole normal gland removed 1% were hypercalcaemic and 4% were hypocalcaemic. Early and late hypocalcaemia are reduced by atraumatic handling of the normal parathyroid gland without increasing the risk of persistent or recurrent hypercalcaemia.
Eur J Surg 1991 Sep
PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism due to solitary adenoma. A comparative multicentre study of early and long-term results of different surgical regimens. 168 73

The kinetics of calcium binding to tissue substrates in hypercalcaemia, induced by intravenous constant rate infusion of calcium gluconate were studied in 19 patients after renal transplantation and in 14 healthy volunteers. Langmuir, Scatchard and Hill analysis revealed the positive cooperative mechanism of calcium binding to tissue in all patients and in healthy volunteers. These results provide indirect evidence of binding of calcium to tissue proteins. The significant decrease of the values of specific buffer capacity of tissue proteins, pool of exchangeable calcium and also the effective Ka were observed in 37% of patients. These changes are proposed to play a role in the pathological calcification of vessels and soft tissues in patients after renal transplantation.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1991 Sep
PMID:[Calcium-binding properties of tissue proteins after kidney allotransplantation]. 174 70

A case of acute pancreatitis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism is reported. There was none of usual causes of pancreatitis, which did not recur following the removal of a parathyroid adenoma. There are over one hundred of cases of acute or chronic pancreatitis associated with hyperparathyroidism in the literature, suggesting a causal relationship between the two entities. The pancreatic disease has been attributed either to the hypercalcemia or to the excess of circulating parathyroid hormone. However, some authors have recently questioned any link between these two diseases.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1991 Sep
PMID:[Acute pancreatitis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism]. 175 Oct 69

We report a case of severe hypercalcaemia in a 16-year-old patient, 24 weeks after immobilization for quadriplegia. The biochemical and histomorphometric parameters showed increased osteoclastic resorption and decreased osteoblastic formation. Hydration, chair sitting, salmon and porcine calcitonin, sodium etidronate were unable to normalize the hypercalcaemia. The new antiosteoclastic agent, 3-amino-1 hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP), was effective in normalizing serum calcium and biochemical parameters of osteoclastic activity within five days. Bone histomorphometry showed a marked reduction in osteoclastic activity after AHPrBP treatment, as well as a drastic depression of osteoblastic activity, presumably due to the reduction of bone turnover. This case represents to our knowledge, the first successful use of AHPrBP in the treatment of immobilization hypercalcaemia.
Clin Rheumatol 1991 Sep
PMID:Aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) treatment of severe immobilization hypercalcaemia in a young patient. 179 Jun 47

Nine patients (median age, 81 years) with primary hyperparathyroidism were treated with intravenous infusions of disodium pamidronate (APD), which is a bisphosphonate drug. Six patients had severe hypercalcemia (serum calcium concentration, greater than 3 mmol/L) persisting after rehydration with saline and treatment with furosemide; three patients had moderate hypercalcemia with pronounced symptoms (serum calcium concentration 2.8 to 2.9 mmol/L). Three of the patients were considered to have hypercalcemic crises. In all patients, the raised serum calcium levels were lowered by the disodium pamidronate infusions. One week after a single infusion of 15 to 60 mg disodium pamidronate, six of the nine patients had serum calcium concentrations within the normal reference interval and two patients had slightly raised values. Transient asymptomatic hypocalcemia was noted in one patient. All patients tolerated the infusions well, and no side effects were noted. In the patients with verified parathyroid adenomas, a temporary increase in parathyroid hormone levels were observed concomitant with the drop in serum calcium level. The patient with parathyroid cancer displayed no such effect indicating an autonomous parathyroid hormone secretion from the parathyroid carcinoma tumor. The good effect of treatment with the osteoclast inhibitor disodium pamidronate on hypercalcemia caused by primary hyperparathyroidism suggests that this hypercalcemia is mainly due to an increased osteoclast activity. The number of patients in this series is yet too small to allow general conclusions. But the case histories in this series show that disodium pamidronate promises to be of value in different clinical situations for the treatment of severe hypercalcemia in patients with hyperparathyroidism. It can be used (1) preoperatively to investigate whether the patient's symptoms are related to the hypercalcemia, (2) in the treatment of hypercalcemic crises when "forced diuresis" has failed to normalize the serum calcium, (3) after unsuccessful parathyroid surgery when it can be used as a long-term treatment before reoperation, giving time for localization studies and healing of the scar reaction, and (4) in aged and fragile patients where it can be tried as an alternative to surgery.
Surgery 1991 Sep
PMID:Disodium pamidronate in the preoperative treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. 848 82

Severe hypercalcemia, a potentially life-threatening condition, has been reported rarely during pregnancy. A patient with hypercalcemic crisis associated with excessive ingestion of absorbable calcium antacid was treated successfully with hemodialysis as well as other therapeutic measures, such as saline diuresis. This acute therapy resulted in long-term normalization of maternal calcium levels. The fetus, who exhibited a low biophysical score during the initial admission, was delivered a month later and had an uncomplicated neonatal course. Acute hemodialysis can be an effective, rapid, and safe method of lowering serum calcium levels in pregnant patients with severe hypercalcemia unresponsive to other medical therapies.
Obstet Gynecol 1991 Sep
PMID:Hypercalcemic crisis in pregnancy associated with excessive ingestion of calcium carbonate antacid (milk-alkali syndrome): successful treatment with hemodialysis. 187 Aug 5

There have been several reports of etidronate disodium (EHDP) interference upon the biodistribution of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP). With the increasing use of etidronate for the treatment of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia, and osteoporosis, nuclear physicians can expect to encounter increasing numbers of cases in which EHDP-induced artifacts impair the diagnostic utility of bone scans. The temporal duration of this effect is unknown yet obviously important. We report serial bone scintigraphy in a patient who received a single dose of EHDP for hypercalcemia. Normal biodistribution of 99mTc-MDP was noted at 15 days, suggesting that 2 wk are sufficient before performing a bone scan after a single intravenous dose of etidronate.
J Nucl Med 1991 Sep
PMID:Duration of etidronate effect demonstrated by serial bone scintigraphy. 190 91


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>