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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calcitonin is a hypocalcaemia producing hormone and is secreted by C-cells of the thyroid. The current study was undertaken on a hypothesis that C-cell hyperplasia may develop in the secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure in response to sustained hypercalcaemia. With an immunoperoxidase staining method for calcitonin, C-cell hyperplasia was noted in four of six cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and in three of six cases of acquired renal cystic disease, an overall incidence of 58% compared with an incidence of 36% (five of 14) in cases of primary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid adenoma. Thus, both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism may trigger C-cell hyperplasia in an attempt to produce a hypocalcaemic effect.
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PMID:C-cell hyperplasia in secondary hyperparathyroidism. 145 30

Parenteral application of the active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, has been anticipated to have remarkable efficacy in secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, in a reproduction seg. I study in rats, poor reproductive performance was reflected in a decrease in the number of matings, implantations and live births. These changes were though reversible after treatment with the compound was discontinued. In order to clarify the mechanism of these reversible toxicities, the following were examined in female rats treated with the D3 metabolite: 1. effect on the estrous cycle (no treatment for 2 weeks, treatment for 3 weeks and recovery for 2 weeks), and 2. effect on the maintenance of pregnancy (treatment for 2 weeks before mating and during the gestation period). In both groups, the levels of calcium, calcitonin, PTH and progesterone in serum were measured, and histopathological examination of the thyroid, parathyroid, ovary and uterus was carried out. The following results were observed: 1) disturbance of the estrous cycle, 2) hypofunctional changes in the corpus luteum in the ovary, and the epithelium, endometrium and uterine gland in the uterus with a decrease in the serum progesterone level and 3) hypercalcemia with a decrease in calcitonin or PTH levels in serum with morphological changes including atrophy and cyst-formation in the parathyroid. However, the above changes were reversible, and recovery was observed after administration of the compound was discontinued. These results indicate that the hypercalcemia caused by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 disrupts endocrinological homeostasis which in turn temporarily disrupts the female reproductive system. Furthermore, it was suggested that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 itself directly influences on endocrinological organs (hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid and thyroid) and reproductive organs (ovary and uterus).
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PMID:Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the female reproductive system in rats. 145 99

Pamidronate (aminopropylidene diphosphonate, APD) is known to be an effective agent in lowering plasma calcium in cancer associated hypercalcaemia and in primary hyperparathyroidism. Combined therapy with pamidronate and calcitonin has proved efficient in the treatment of severe cancer-associated hypercalcaemia. A 66-year-old woman in hypercalcaemic crisis caused by primary hypreparathyroidism was successfully treated with this combined therapy. Albumin corrected plasma calcium was 5.26 mmol/l on arrival and the PTH level was very high. The combined therapy lowered the plasma calcium to normal and made it possible to perform elective parathyreoidectomy. A 5.8 g parathyroid adenoma was removed. It is recommended to consider combined therapy with pamidronate and calcitonin in the emergency management of hypercalcaemic crisis.
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PMID:[Combination therapy with pamidronate and calcitonin in hypercalcemic crisis caused by primary hyperparathyroidism]. 146 41

This report deals with an unusual case of primary macroglobulinemia with hypercalcemia, chronic renal failure and systemic amyloidosis. In May 1990, a 63-year-old male was transferred to our hospital because of hypercalcemia (13.5 mg/dl) and renal failure. Clinical examinations showed anemia, macroglossia, lymph node swellings and hepatomegaly. Laboratory findings included Bence-Jones (kappa type) proteinuria (0.8 g/day), a monoclonal gammopathy of the IgM-kappa type (2.8 g/dl), a proliferation of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood (5%) and the bone marrow (59.6%), and lymphomatous involvement of an inguinal lymph node. Serum creatinine concentration was 8.5 mg/dl. The serum levels of parathormone and vitamin D3 metabolites were normal. The roentgenogram of bones showed a compression fracture of the lumbar spine and systemic osteoporosis. The treatment included eel calcitonin, prednisolone and the CHOP regimen, followed by hemodialysis and plasmapheresis. The serum level of IgM increased to 4.6 g/dl. The patient died three months later and postmortem examination demonstrated marked systemic amyloidosis.
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PMID:[Primary macroglobulinemia with hypercalcemia, renal failure and systemic amyloidosis]. 146 88

We describe an adult patient who developed persistent hypercalcemia while bedridden for more than three months with pancreatitis and sepsis. On the basis of hypercalciuria, suppressed serum intact PTH, suppressed serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and no clinical evidence of malignancy, the diagnosis of immobilization hypercalcemia was established His hypercalcemia improved during treatment with saline, calcitonin and/or etidronate. With active mobilization and weight-bearing exercises, serum calcium finally normalized. We discuss clinical and laboratory features as well as current modalities of treatment of this rare form of hypercalcemia in adults.
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PMID:Immobilization hypercalcemia in an adult patient with pancreatitis and sepsis: case report. 148 89

Bone mineral content (BMC) and testosterone levels were evaluated and compared in 10 hypogonadal males and 10 normal, age-matched controls. In 6 of the subjects an investigation was also carried out into the effects of testosterone administration on lumbar BMC, calcitonin (CT) response to hypercalcaemia, osteocalcin (BGP) and the fasting urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios. Our results confirm that male hypogonadism is characterized by a low BMC and that testosterone administration is able to improve this parameter and to increase both basal BGP and CT response to hypercalcaemia. Testosterone therefore probably acts on bone tissue through both a direct action on osteoblast cells and an improvement in CT secretion.
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PMID:Effect of testosterone on bone in hypogonadal males. 152 31

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) that reacted only with thyroid C-cells was raised against cell suspensions from dog thyroid glands, to examine a glycoprotein secreted by C-cells. After chronically-induced hypercalcemia and administration of an anti-thyroid drug, reaction products for the antibody markedly decreased in C-cells, coinciding with alterations in calcitonin immunoreactivity. The antigen recognized by the MAb appears to be a secretory protein. The MAb reacted with C-cells from a wide variety of mammalian species, including rats, mice, hamsters, cattle, cats, rabbits, and monkeys. Furthermore, tumor cells of human medullary thyroid carcinoma, which is derived from C-cells, were immunoreactive to the MAb. Exceptionally, C-cells from guinea pigs and pigs were not stained with the MAb. No crossreactivity was observed in any of the dog tissues examined. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the MAb recognized a single prominent band at a molecular weight of approximately 79,000. The 79 KD band reacted with various digoxigenin-labeled lectins, including GNA, DSA, SNA, and MAA; it is a glycoprotein containing mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid. Dog thyroid C-cells were also densely stained with these lectins. The results indicate that thyroid C-cells synthesize and secrete a specific glycoprotein in addition to peptide hormones.
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PMID:Production of monoclonal antibodies against a novel glycoprotein synthesized and secreted by dog thyroid C-cells. 155 88

In this study we investigated the calcitonin (CT) pattern both in basal conditions and after calcium infusion before and one month after oophorectomy in 17 premenopausal women. In addition, 13 oophorectomized women were randomly allocated to two groups, one given hormone replacement treatment and the other untreated, and CT response to hypercalcemia was reevaluated one year later. CT response to calcium infusion was significant only before oophorectomy and one year after estrogen-progestogen treatment, whereas there was no response one month after oophorectomy or after one year without hormone replacement therapy. Our data indicate that both estrogen secretion and replacement treatment may be important factors in CT response.
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PMID:Influence of estrogens on calcitonin secretion. 156 Jan 92

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a commonly encountered serious clinical problem that often requires aggressive therapy. In order to combine the rapid hypocalcemic effects of calcitonin with the more delayed effect of a bisphosphonate, we administered etidronate, 7.5 mg/kg/day intravenously and salmon calcitonin, 100 IU subcutaneously, every 12 hours for 3 days in 9 patients with hypercalcemia associated with malignancy. The mean serum calcium concentration fell from 3.33 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter (mean +/- SEM) to 2.88 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter within 24 hours (P less than 0.001). All patients had a fall in the serum calcium concentration of greater than 0.5 mmol/liter and it returned to normal in 7 of the 9 patients. We conclude that the combination of salmon calcitonin with etidronate more effectively lowers the serum calcium concentration in patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy then the use of either agent alone.
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PMID:Effect of salmon calcitonin and etidronate on hypercalcemia of malignancy. 845 9

The effects of aging on calcitonin (CT) secretion in female rats were investigated. Old (24 mo) at constant diestrus status and young (2 mo) at diestrus status rats were either ovariectomized (Ovx) or left intact as controls. Ovx rats were injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate (25 micrograms/kg body wt) or sesame oil one time per day for 3 days. All rats were infused with CaCl2 (10 mg/ml) at a rate of 2 ml/h for 30 min via a jugular catheter connected to a peristaltic pump. Blood samples (0.5 ml each) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min. The basal and post-CaCl2 levels of plasma Ca measured with radioimmunoassay were significantly higher (P less than 0.05-0.01) in old than in young female rats. The pre- and post-CaCl2 levels of plasma Ca and CT in young rats were not altered by Ovx or estradiol replacement. In old rats, Ovx caused a higher (P less than 0.01) level in plasma CT at 0 and 30 min after CaCl2 infusion. Both basal and stimulated levels of plasma CT were higher (P less than 0.01) in old Ovx than in young Ovx rats. These results demonstrated that 1) the increase of plasma CT in response to Ca challenge was greater in old than in young female rats, 2) the influence of estradiol and ovarian function on plasma CT concentration increases as a function of age, and 3) estradiol reduced the plasma CT in response to hypercalcemia in old Ovx rats. The sensitivity of the target tissue of young rats may be lower in response to the modulation of estrogen during hypercalcemia without compromising the secretion and hypocalcemic effect of CT in young rats. All suggested an age-related relationship between estrogen and CT secretion in minute-to-minute regulation during Ca infusion in rats.
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PMID:Age-related differences in basal and calcium-stimulated plasma calcitonin levels in female rats. 159 Mar 67


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