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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a period of 4-7 days, synthetic 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha-OH-D3) was given to osteoporotic patients with hip fractures in 3 different dose levels, viz. 1 microgram, 2 microgram, and 4 microgram, in combination with calcium. The increase in serum calcium level was more prominent during treatment with 2 microgram and 4 microgram doses of 1 alpha-OH-D3 and was also dependent on the duration of treatment. The level of serum phosphate was only slightly elevated. The urinary calcium excretion increased, while the urine phosphate and hydroxyproline excretion decreased. The intestinal absorption of calcium increased in rate during treatment with 1 alpha-OH-D3. On discontinuation of treatment, values did not normalize within 6 days. The administration of small doses of 1 alpha-OH-D3 did not seem to expose osteoporotic patients to the risks of hypercalcemia. The efficiency of vitamin D metabolites in the treatment of osteoporosis requires further investigation.
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PMID:Short-term effects of varying doses of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on blood and urine chemistry and calcium absorption of osteoporotic patients. 70 35

Fifteen patients, 13 women and 2 men (mean age 60 years) with osteoporosis of different types have been under treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. The responses were observed clinically and by the use of roentgen morphometry, photon absorptiometry and by blood and urine chemical analyses. The treatment had beneficial clinical effect in all but 3 patients. The intestinal calcium absorption rate increased significantly. Slight hypercalcemia and a significant hypercalciuria occurred during treatment. Serum and urine phosphate levels, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone values were within normal ranges. The bone mineral content increased significantly during treatment. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium was well tolerated by the patients. Three patients had coincidental acute attacks of spinal pain and 2 had further vertebral crush fractures. A period of time longer than one year is necessary to further evaluate the effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy on the clinical course of severe osteoporosis.
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PMID:Interim report on treatment of osteoporotic patients with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. 70 36

The authors studied the presence of visceral calcification as evidenced by the visceral uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides during the course of a bone scan among 22 patients with terminal renal failure maintained on dialysis, nine patients with hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy, and nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Uptake by the lungs or stomach was observed in 11 renal failure patients (50%) and in four of those with malignancy and hypercalcemia (44%). None of the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had evidence of visceral calcification. The serum CaXP product was significantly higher among those with visceral calcification than those without. The results of this study indicate that a CaXP product of 60 represents the saturation product of calcium phosphate in serum above which spontaneous precipitation of this salt may occur in such viscera as stomach and lungs.
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PMID:Visceral calcification and the CaXP product. 71 4

This report describes a patient with malignant lymphoma and hypercalcemic crises. A bone scan showed pronounced uptake of 99mTc-Methylene diphosphonate (MDP). This finding is thought to be due to metastatic lung calcification, which absorbs skeletal radiopharmaceuticals. The developement of metastatic calcifications in this case is most likely caused by phosphate applications to treat hypercalcemia. The mechanisms of formation and the detection of metastatic lung calcification with 99mTc-MDP are discussed.
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PMID:[Pulmonary metastatic calcifications in malignant lymphoma demonstrated by imaging agents. Case report (author's transl)]. 72 24

Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is clearly associated with an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although it is impossible to define the precise incidence of this entity, we believe that its occurrence will be seen more frequently with the increasing numbers of female patients who have successfully received renal transplants and with the routine determination of serum chemistries in the nontransplanted pregnant patient. A review of case reports since 1962 of women known to be hyperparathyroid during pregnancy revealed 80 per cent of these pregnancies to be complicated by neonatal tetany, death, or abortion. This review substantiates Ludwig's earlier report [1], which noted a 50 per cent incidence of neonatal complications despite the advances of prenatal and postnatal medical care. There have been only eight reported cases in which parathyroid resection was performed during pregnancy. Successful operation dramatically reduced the incidence of neonatal complications. An adaptive normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism occurs routinely during pregnancy. However, in the hypercalcemic hyperparathyroid pregnancy, transplacental passage of calcium leads to a profound hypercalcemia in the fetus. Since the fetal parathyroid glands are functionally responsive, parathyroid suppression is thought to occur in utero due to high calcium levels. This can lead to neonatal tetany or perhaps permanent neonatal hypoparathyroidism. When a patient presents with significant hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy, we suggest that an explorative parathyroid operation be performed during the second trimester of pregnancy. After delivery, the baby's course should be carefully monitored with frequent calcium determinations. Cow's milk or other formula feedings high in phosphate content should be avoided in favor of feedings with a calcium:phosphorus ratio similar to that of human milk.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy. 76 83

Tthe findings of 150 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. The purpose of the analysis was to find differences between the various clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore the occurrence of acute hyperparathyroid crisis in our series as well as in the literature are described. 65.8% of the patients were females, 34.2% were males. The leading symptom in 98 patients (group I) were kidney stones and in 23 patients (group II) cystic bone disease. Both manifestations of the disease occurred in only 7 patients (group III) and no symptoms related to the kidneys or to the bones occurred in 24 patients (group IV). Because of the difference of the clinical manifestations the additional data were analyzed for each group separately and compared with each other. There was no difference in the mean serum calcium levels for all four groups, however, patients of group I were on the average younger, the duration of the disease was longer and the weight of the parathyroid adenoma was lower compared to the other three groups. Data are presented regarding calcium excretion, phosphate clearance and tubular reabsorption of phosphate for each group. At operation single or multiple adenoma formation was present in 133 patients, whereas diffuse hyperplasia was found in 17 and carcinoma in 2 other patients. 46 of the adenomas were found in atypical anatomical localisation. This observation is responsible for the many unsuccessful or second explorations of the neck. The weight of the adenomas varied between 0.1 and 23.5 g. The most difficult diagnosis was that of diffuse hyperplasia. The success of the surgical intervention was usually established in over 80% of the cases within 24 to 48 hours after the operation with a significant fall of serum calcium. There is still no definite explanation for the variability of the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone determinations on larger numbers of patients are not yet published. The assumption, that different hormones or peptide fragments are responsible for the different action on bone and kidney is discussed. In our series of 152 patients acute hyperparathyroid crisis occurred eight times. Our findings are compared to the other well documented cases in the literature. Main symptoms were nausea, vomiting abdominal pain and different states of cerebral dysfunction. Most of the patients had calcium levels over 16 mg/100 ml. Partial renal insufficiency with elevated blood urea and phosphate retention was found in ov er 50% of the cases. Overall mortality of all cases with acute parathyroid crisis is 52.5%. The pathogenesis of acute hyperparathyroidism and the implications of high calcium levels are discussed. According to our own experience hypercalcemia can be controlled with an intensive therapeutic program and emergency operation for acute parathyroid crisis is no longer necessary.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism. An analysis of 152 patients with special references to acute life threatening complications (acute hyperparathyroidism)]. 79 28

Serum valuse for calcium, phosphate and albumin have been determined in a population study of 2322 49-50-year-old men participating in a health examination survey. Calcium and albumin were significantly correlated (r = 0.34) but adjustment for albumin only caused minor effects on the distribution of calcium. No inverse relationship was found between calcium and phosphate. Seasonal variations over the three years of the health survey could not be established for either calcium or phosphate, whereas there was a slight tendency for albumin to decline during summer. The prevalence of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in this population of men up to the age of 50 was 0.3% and among those with recurrent renal stones 5.3%. All subjects with verified HPT had a history of recurrent renal stones. One man on thiazide treatment had a slight elevation of calcium which returned to normal after cessation of the drug. No other case of hypercalcemia besides those caused by HPT was found. Mean values and frequency distributions for calcium, phosphate and albumin were almost identical in renal stone formers and matched controls. Hence it seems likely that other factors than those which markedly affect serum levels of calcium and phosphate are of major importance in common renal stone formation.
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PMID:Calcium, phosphate and albumin in serum. A population study with special reference to renal stone formers and the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in middle-aged men. 83 67

A 33 year old man presented with symptoms of one week's duration; he had a serum calcium of 22.5 mg/dl and a markedly hypercellular bone marrow. Despite therapy with saline diuresis, furosemide mithramycin, total parathyroidectomy and corticosteroids, symptomatic hypercalcemia was poorly controlled. Inappropriate serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were found before and after parathyroidectomy whereas assays of the peripheral blood for osteoclast-activating factor and prostaglandin E (PGE2) were negative. An elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphate level, the inability to aspirate marrow, the marked generalized hyperplasia of all hematopoietic marrow elements, the focal accumulations of blastic cells and increasing reticulin fiber formation led to the diagnosis of acute myelofibrosis. A single course of cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine therapy was followed by profound hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and death. The rarity of hypercalcemia with myeloproliferative disorders is documented by a review of the world literature, and the possible mechanism for hypercalcemia in this patient is discussed.
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PMID:Acute myelofibrosis and malignant hypercalcemia. 84 61

Two cases of neonatal hypophosphatasia are described. In case 1, hypercalcemia developed at 2 1/2 months of age and continued until death at 10 1/2 months of age. Serum calcium levels decreased transiently in response to phosphate supplementation, prednisolone, and calcitonin. Significantly elevated levels of PTH were detected at 2 1/2 months of age. At autopsy, no parathyroid glands were found. In case 2, hypercalcemia was not detected in his course. Elevated level of serum PTH was recorded on the 17th day of life. A post-mortem examination revealed the presence of one normal parathyroid gland.
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PMID:Neonatal hypophosphatasia with elevated serum parathyroid hormone. 85 8

The intestinal calcium and phosphate transport under conditions of experimental hypercalcemia. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1977, 28 (2): 127--134. Intestinal calcium and phosphate transport was examined in various segments of small intestine under two differently processed hypercalcemic conditions. The analysis of the serum calcium and phosphate level changes, showed the increasing serum calcium values without any concomitant change in the serum phosphate concentration during the course of the experiment. The observed discrepancy of the intestinal phosphate transport when compared the in vitro and in vivo studies, suggests the presence of phosphate transport regulatory mechanism acting on the intestinal level.
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PMID:The intestinal calcium and phosphate transport under conditions of experimental hypercalcemia. 86 31


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