Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 on calcium metabolism in vivo and of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, which is an active metabolite of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2, on bone metabolism in vitro was studied and compared with that of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1 alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 was equally potent in stimulating intestinal calcium transport by using the everted sac method and of calcium mobilization from bone in vitamin D-deficient rats. On the other hand, the hypercalcemic activity of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 was much lower than that of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in normal mice and rats. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and bone resorption in newborn mouse calvaria maintained in organ culture. These results show that 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 as well as 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 promote calcium absorption and may accelerate bone remodelling via direct action on osteoblasts. In addition, they suggest that 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 may be more useful than 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 for the treatment of senile osteoporosis, because hypercalcemia is one of the major side effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin D2 analogs on calcium metabolism in vitamin D-deficient rats and in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. 178 69

Fourteen patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism were treated by subtotal parathyroidectomy. Bone pain and hypercalcemia were the main indications to surgery respectively in 13 and 1 patients. Bone pain disappeared or was significantly reduced in 12/14 patients. Two patients had a persistent hyperparathyroidism. Serum alkaline phosphatase returned to normal in 12 patients and PTH in 11 of 12 patients with pretreatment high levels.
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PMID:[Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure. Role of subtotal parathyroidectomy]. 192 66

Bone destruction and hypercalcemia are well-recognized complications in a variety of neoplasms without bone metastasis. Reduction in the volume of trabecular bone has been confirmed by histomorphometric study, but not by bone densitometer. We measured spinal bone mineral densities by dual-photon absorptiometry in 85 patients with invasive uterine cervical cancer and compared them with measurements from 148 control women. When adjusted for age and menopause duration, mean bone mineral density in patients with uterine cervical cancer was 12.8% lower (P = .0003) and age-matched percentiles were 9.1% lower (P = .0003) than in control women. The deficits in bone mineral density and age-matched percentiles were confined to the uterine cervical cancer patients in their fifties, ie, less than 5 years' menopause duration. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase were not different between control women and the patients with uterine cervical cancer. The results suggest that women with uterine cervical cancer have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.
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PMID:Reduced spinal bone mass in patients with uterine cervical cancer. 161 Apr 33

Hereditary hyperphosphatasia is a rare bone disorder characterized by increased bone turnover, elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone deformity. We describe a patient with a mild form of hereditary hyperphosphatasia who was initially hypercalcemic in childhood with remission after puberty. Symptomatic hypercalcemia recurred during lactation after each of two pregnancies, associated with increased bone turnover (rise in ALP, osteocalcin, and urine hydroxyproline excretion) which appeared to be independent of changes in major calcium-regulating hormones. The mechanism for the development of post-partum hypercalcemia remains unclear but may relate to the relative estrogen deficiency of lactation. We postulate that acute estrogen withdrawal may result in hypercalcemia in the presence of markedly increased bone turnover.
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PMID:Post-partum hypercalcemia in hereditary hyperphosphatasia (juvenile Paget's disease). 194 65

Vitamin D3 administered to patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism increases calcium absorption from the gut and calcium blood levels but leads to hypercalciuria and may produce renal lithiasis. Thiazides decrease calcium excretion with the urine. Therefore, an effect of combined therapy with hydrochlorothiazide, vitamin D3 and calcium on hypoparathyroidism was investigated. Twenty one women were selected out of 135 patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism. These women were constantly given vitamin D3 (30,000-225,000 IU daily) and calcium. Normocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypercalciuria were noted before the treatment with hydrochlorothiazide. Therapy normalized hypercalciuria but did not change mean differences in calcemia, phosphatemia, magnesemia, blood alkaline phosphatase and phosphates and magnesium clearance factors. Hypercalcemia and necessity to withdraw hydrochlorothiazide together with change of either doses or preparation of vitamin D3 were noted in three patients, including one patient in whom both hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria with the symptoms of vitamin D3 poisoning were observed. The author suggests that combined therapy with hydrochlorothiazide, vitamin D3 and calcium prevents hypercalciuria but may require changes in vitamin D3 dosage and withdrawal of hydrochlorothiazide in some patients.
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PMID:[Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on calcium metabolism in postoperative hypoparathyroidism]. 196 53

Twenty-five elderly men receiving chronic hemodialysis had measurements of their bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA). Loss of BMD was much more pronounced in femoral necks than in lumbar vertebrae. Stepwise multiple liner-regression analysis showed that low BMD was associated with 1) hypoalbuminemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperaluminemia, and high serum alkaline phosphatase for femoral necks and 2) hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia for lumbar vertebrae. These observations suggest that the femoral neck is the preferred site for measurement of BMD in dialysis patients. Along with factors directly affecting bone metabolism, nutritional factors may affect BMD in such patients.
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PMID:Factors affecting bone mineral density in elderly men receiving chronic in-center hemodialysis. 199 53

A 57-year-old man with a history of tuberculosis (TB of the knee-joint 44 years ago and open pulmonary TB six months ago with poor patient drug compliance) had lost 10 kg in weight during the preceding six months. In addition, firm lymph-node swellings with redness of the overlying skin and a skin fistula developed on the right side of the neck. There was mild hypercalcaemia (albumin-corrected serum calcium concentration 2.59 mmol/l) and hyperphosphataemia (2.0 mmol/l) with low-normal serum concentrations of parathormone and of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (14 ng/ml). Serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration was reduced (16 ng/l). The activity of osseous isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was normal (19 U/l) and skeletal scintigraphy revealed no abnormality. The cervical lymph-nodes were excised (histology: active caseous lymph-node TB). Tuberculostatic treatment was begun with daily doses of 0.3 g isoniazid, 0.45 g rifampicin, 1.2 g ethambutol and 1.5 g pyrazinamide. Serum calcium concentration rose to 3.22 mmol/l (albumin-corrected) in the first two weeks, even though the patient was on a low-calcium diet. The various concentrations subsequently decreased, but remained slightly elevated throughout the period of observation (11 weeks). This is thus a case of TB-associated hypercalcaemia which was not caused by 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 or bone destruction.
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PMID:[Hypercalcemia in florid pulmonary and cervical lymph node tuberculosis]. 204 Feb 9

The pretreatment characteristics of 265 multiple myeloma patients treated between 1977 and 1983 were evaluated as potential prognostic factors for survival. Patients whose diagnosis was based on bone marrow plasmacytosis (greater than 30%) were noticed to have poorer survival (P less than 0.001). Although classification of patients according to stage has traditionally been used to identify prognostic groups, differences in survival were noted only between Stage III and Stage I or II patients using one of two common staging systems. Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model identified the following prognostic factors in order of importance: plasmacytosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49 to 3.27), hypercalcemia (HR = 1.68, CI = 1.22 to 2.32), hypoalbuminemia (HR = 1.51, CI = 1.15 to 1.99), alkaline phosphatase (HR = 1.62, CI = 1.18 to 2.23), hyperuricemia (HR = 1.46, CI = 1.09 to 1.96), and renal insufficiency (HR = 1.48, CI = 1.08 to 2.04). All patients were followed from 2 to 7.5 years and 130 (49%) survived over 2 years. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that hyperuricemia, hypoalbuminemia, renal insufficiency, plasmacytosis, gender, alkaline phosphatase, and hypercalcemia were significant predictors of 2-year survival. Knowledge of these factors could be of value in predicting prognosis and planning therapy in patients with multiple myeloma.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma. 204 58

Many hemodialysis patients are still suffering from secondary hyperparathyroidism although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been used to treat renal osteodystrophy for the last two decades. The main reason for its failure to correct the secondary hyperparathyroidism is that in patients, hypercalcemia occurs before adequate parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression is obtained when a large daily dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 is started. In this study, the oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (4.0 micrograms) was administered only twice a week at the end of hemodialysis ('oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy'), in 19 patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum immunoreactive PTH started to decrease after 6 weeks of therapy, and the original level of 41.2 +/- 7.24 was reduced to 24.4 +/- 6.12 ng/ml by the end of the 6-month therapy (p less than 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase also was reduced by 64.4%. Three out of 19 patients suffered from hypercalcemia during the 4th month of therapy. Calcium supplement given to 6 other patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism did not lower serum PTH levels significantly after 6 weeks of therapy, although serum calcium levels increased and were sustained above 10 mg/dl for the last 5 weeks. These findings strongly suggest that the suppressive effect of the oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy was attained by a direct action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the parathyroid gland rather than by its ability to elevate serum calcium levels. In conclusion, the oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy effectively lowered PTH levels in hemodialysis patients who cannot tolerate large daily doses of 1,25(OH)2D3.
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PMID:The 'oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 pulse therapy' in hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. 204 11

The classical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, increased blood alkaline phosphatase level, and bone changes of the type of generalized osteoporosis) were found in approximately half of patients in a group of 23 who were examined. When Recklinghausen's disease is suspected, the patients must be subjected to a purposeful examination. The intraoperative diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma is difficult. In distinction from thyroid tissue, a lymph node, and adipose tissue a parathyroid adenoma almost always has a vascular pedicle, which makes verification of the diagnosis easier.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid adenomas]. 206 59


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