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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinicopathological aspects of equine leukosis are discussed in a review. Among various other findings, only hypercalcaemia accompanied by paraneoplastic syndrome in the course of equine leukosis, increased values of alkaline phosphatase as usual in tumorous diseases, and hypalbuminaemia and hypergammaglobulinaemia in mesentric and intestinal forms of equine leukosis seem to have some diagnostic and pathogenetic significance. Changed values of further parameters are more or less non-specific concomitant signs, indicating that other organs or organ systems have been affected. However, in case of suspicion of equine leukosis furthermore clinicopathological investigations are recommended particularly for differential-diagnostic reasons.
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PMID:[Clinical chemistry in leukosis of horses (review)]. 159 67

Circulating monomeric human calcitonin (hCT-M), parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, corrected serum calcium and inorganic phosphate were measured in 49 multiple myeloma patients and 49 matched controls. In patients with Durie-Salmon stage III disease hCT-M levels (16.9 +/- 5.8 ng/l, mean +/- SD) were significantly higher than controls and stage I patients (P less than 0.01), and correlated directly with corrected serum calcium (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001). In the same subgroup 14 of 15 patients had plasma hCT-M concentrations higher than the mean + 2SD of the controls. The calcium infusion test induced an increase of hCT-M in normocalcemic patients which was significantly greater in patients with advanced disease than in either controls or stage I patients. These findings suggest that hCT-M may be a biochemical index of bone resorption and disease activity in myeloma patients with osteolysis. In fact, its plasma concentrations were elevated in a large proportion (93%) of patients with severe bone involvement, and correlated directly with serum calcium. Moreover, our findings suggest the presence of a calcitonin-dependent calcium homeostatic mechanism, that protects against hypercalcemia due to tumor osteolysis.
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PMID:Plasma monomeric calcitonin as a marker of disease activity in multiple myeloma patients with osteolysis. 163 26

The damara mole rat, Cryptomys damarensis, is a strictly subterranean dwelling herbivorous rodent that in its natural habitat has no access to any obvious source of cholecalciferol (D3). We examined the effects of D3 supplementation, at physiological and supraphysiological doses, on calcium metabolism, plasma concentrations of calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and D3 metabolites. Animals not receiving a D3 supplement maintained normal plasma calcium concentrations. In addition, they exhibited a high apparent fractional mineral absorption efficiency (91%) and maintained a positive mineral flux. The serum concentration of 25-(OH)D3 was undetectable (less than 5 nmol/l) and that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was 41 +/- 10 pmol/l. Supplementation at a physiological dose of D3 resulted in increased plasma concentrations of D3 metabolites, food intake, apparent fractional absorption efficiency and apparent fractional retention efficiency. Despite the 1.8-fold increase in food intake, body mass remained constant suggesting that the enhanced energy intake was dissipated in catabolic processes. Plasma calcium and ALP concentrations were not significantly altered with physiological doses of D3. The group given supraphysiological doses of D3 exhibited hypercalcaemia, increased creatinine concentrations and markedly increased ALP levels. These data indicate that a pathological response to D3 intoxication occurred and that hepatic and renal excretory functions were impaired. It appears, therefore, that these animals function optimally at the low concentrations of D3 metabolites found naturally. Supplementation at both physiological and supraphysiological doses of D3 may disadvantage the damara mole rat.
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PMID:Effect of oral cholecalciferol supplementation at physiological and supraphysiological doses in naturally vitamin D3-deficient subterranean damara mole rats (Cryptomys damarensis). 166 May 17

The peripheral blood hematological and biochemical parameters in 60 patients with marrow involvement with carcinoma are described. In all patients the hematologic findings were of anemia (46%), thrombocytopenia (36%), leukocytosis (28%) and leukoerythroblastosis (22%). Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) and alkaline phosphatase (sALP) occurred in 78% of patients and hypercalcemia in 28% and these abnormal biochemical parameters occurred more frequently with marrow fibrosis. In patients with small cell carcinoma of lung (SCCL) the sLDH was normal in 24% and sALP in 32% and abnormal hematological findings or a raised sLDH occurred more frequently with liver involvement. Bone scan was positive in 49% of patients and the hematological and biochemical parameters in these patients were similar to those of patients with a normal scan. Ten percent of patients with SCCL and marrow involvement had both a normal sLDH and bone scan.
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PMID:Hematological, biochemical and bone scan findings in patients with marrow carcinoma. 166 79

In the lymphocytes infected in vitro with BLV (bovine leukemia virus) the contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were determined using roentgen microanalyser JXA-5 A Joel-form (Japan). In the smears prepared from these cells the activity of enzyme markers of cell membranes i.e. alkaline phosphatase (AP - EC 3.1.3.1), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT - EC 3.1.3.5) and adenosine-triphosphatases - Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependent (ATP-ase - EC 3.6.1.3) was determined. The decrease in AP and ATP-assess activity and increase in 5'-NT in the membranes of leukemic lymphocytes were observed. During these changes the increase in Ca2+ and decrease in Mg2+ ions occurred. These processes lead to clear disturbances in the metabolism of cells transformed by the neoplasm. The effect of this phenomenon is probably the opening of calcium canals with the following cytoplasmatic hypercalcemia. It's very destructive for the change in permeability of the membrane of lymphocytes.
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PMID:[The content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and membrane enzyme activity (AP, 5'-NT, ATPases) in the lymphocytes infected in vitro with bovine leukemia virus]. 166 9

For assessing the risk of adverse complications of surgery the group of 130 patients with post-operational hypoparathyroidism was analysed. Surgical hypoparathyroidism has been diagnosed in 51% of operated on thyroid gland patients. Laryngeal nerves have been damaged in 46.6% of patients. The injury to laryngeal nerves has been irreversible in 2/3 of patients, and reversible in the remaining 1/3. Cataract, nephrolithiasis and vitamin D3 intoxication have been observed in some cases before surgery. Their incidence increased in severe surgical hypoparathyroidism. Osteoporosis of the spine has been diagnosed in 49% of patients including some with vertebral fractures. No correlation between the degree of spine osteoporosis and diagnosis before surgery, number of operations on thyroid gland, and type of therapy has been noted. The symptoms of hypercalcemia have been diagnosed in 5 patients out of which hypercalcemia has been transient in 2 patients, and lasted for 1-5 months in the remaining 3 patients. The results of 7,873 analyses of mineral metabolism have been assessed. Hypocalcemia has been found in 38.4%, hypercalcemia in 1.6%, hypomagnesemia in 25.7%, hyperphosphatemia in 41.5%, decreased alkaline phosphatase serum activity in 28.7%, and hypercalciuria in 22.4% of cases. Surgical hypoparathyroidism is frequently accompanied by surgical hypothyroidism and injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves.
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PMID:[Postoperative hypoparathyroidism: risk of complications]. 166 68

Due to toxic side effects of aluminum-containing agents for treatment of uremic hypophosphatemia, much interest has been focused upon aluminum-free phosphate binder alternatives. From results of experimental studies with calcium acetate, this salt has been suggested as a possible effective and safe phosphate binder. In the present study, calcium acetate was used during a mean of 11 months for serum phosphate control in 30 uremic patients previously treated with aluminum and/or calcium carbonate. Satisfactory control of serum phosphate was achieved during the study (mean phosphate concentration +/- SE: 2.15 +/- 0.12 mmol/l compared to prestudy 2.23 +/- 0.19 mmol/l). Mean serum concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone did not change significantly during the study. Serum aluminum decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). Moderate hypercalcemia was observed in 6 patients. Calcium acetate treatment was withdrawn in 2 patients due to gastrointestinal discomfort. It is concluded that calcium acetate seems to be an effective phosphate binder alternative with relatively few side effects.
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PMID:Calcium acetate used as phosphate binding treatment in uremic hyperphosphatemia. 168 Apr 30

We evaluated the incidence of hypo- versus hypercalcemia and hypo- versus hyperphosphatemia in a survey of 158 patients with malignancy; 55/158 had bone metastases. When serum calcium levels were corrected for albuminemia, the incidence of hypo- and hypercalcemia was respectively 10.8% and 10.1%. Hypophosphatemia was found in 29.7% patients, hyperphosphatemia in 2.5%. The incidence was slightly different in presence of bone metastases. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia prevailed in osteoblastic metastases and hypercalcemia in osteolytic metastases. The incidence of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in malignancy was therefore surprisingly high, even apart from the presence of bone metastases. Both hypo- and hypercalcemia were associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Moreover, a calcium-phosphorus product reduction was observed in osteoblastic metastases, suggesting a condition of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:A hospital survey of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in malignancy. 174 50

Periodontitis was simulated in rabbits and rats by suturing a ligature to the gingiva. A follow-up of periodontitis development has revealed the characteristic local (edema, formation of pouches, teeth mobility) and systemic (leukocytosis, moderate hypercalcemia, elevated blood alkaline phosphatase activity, increased blood and gingival lysozyme levels) reactions.
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PMID:[The pathogenesis of experimental periodontitis in rabbits]. 178 Sep 20

Monoclonal gammopathies can either be benign or more commonly malignant. The commonest disease associated with it is multiple myeloma. Over the seven-year period 1984-1990, two hundred and thirty-four monoclonal gammopathies were seen at the University Hospital, Jamaica. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in one hundred and fifty-six cases (84 males and 72 females). The diagnoses of most of the others were not known as the samples came from other institutions. Of the patients with myeloma, the most common immunoglobulin type was IgG followed by IgA and then pure light chain disease. Only in about half of the cases where urine was analysed was Bence-Jones protein found. The majority of the cases had abnormal total serum protein, albumin and total globulin concentrations. Most of the cases also were in renal failure. Hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase occurred in about one-third of them. These results were not much different from those reported in other countries.
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PMID:Biochemical abnormalities in multiple myeloma. 178 96


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