Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of phosphate restriction and of 1 alpha OH D3 administration were investigated in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Few modifications of the various biochemical parameters in the patients were achieved with the restriction of dietary phosphate while better results were obtained with 1 alpha OH D3 administration. In dialyzed patients the treatment with this drug resulted in a normalization in serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels and in a remarkable significant decline in plasma parathyroid hormone and a reduction in the bone disease associated with uremia. This treatment in dialyzed uremic patients could avoid the employment of higher dialysate calcium concentration potentially dangerous for postdialysis hypercalcemia with the risk of metastatic calcifications.
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PMID:Effects of 1-alpha OH D3 therapy in uremic patients in conservative or dialytic treatment. 47 81

When correction was made for hypoalbuminaemia, 23 of 50 ambulant patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were found to have hypercalcaemia. When these 23 patients were studied 6 months later, 7 had hypercalcaemia as defined by the correction factor for a low serum albumin level, and 6 of these patients had raised serum ionised calcium concentrations. Biochemical studies in the 23 patients indicated evidence of hyperparathyroidism, namely, hypophosphataemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, hyperchloraemia, and reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. However, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal. Only one patient had an abnormally low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D result: this patient had a high level of urinary D-glucaric acid and was receiving phenobarbitone for treatment of epilepsy. The biochemical features suggestive of parathyroid overactivity were particularly found in patients with raised serum calcium levels. The cause of hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis remains to be explained.
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PMID:Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: investigation of its causes and implications. 51 39

The influence of 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol on renal osteopathy was investigated in a total of 132 patients in 26 dialysis centres. Various doses were used, the average being 4000-6000 IU/day. In 32 patients a daily dose of 6000-9000 IU was used. The average individual duration of treatment was 276 days with a maximum of 910 days. Histologically there was an improvement in the renal osteopathy in 55.9% of evaluable cases (n = 34) and in 25.3% there was no deterioration. Radiographically these results were found in 21% and in 70.5% of evaluable cases (n = 105). Serum calcium increased in 46.6% of cases (n = 131), remained the same in 32.8% and decreased in 20.6%. The changes in alkaline phosphatase were similar : it dropped in 42.1% of patients, remained the same in 28.1% and rose in 29.8%. Immunoreactive parathormone which was invariably raised at the beginning of treatment (n = 36), fell in 25.0%, remained the same in 44.4% and rose further in 30.6%. The clinical symptoms of renal osteopathy which had been present in 57 patients improved in 51.0%, remained the same in 46.0% and deteriorated in 3.0%. Signs of intolerance and side effects were rare. Severe hypercalcaemia did not occur.
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PMID:[Treatment of renal osteopathy with 5,6-trans-25-hydroxycholecalciferol (author's transl)]. 52 Jan 65

9 patients with advanced renal failure and renal osteodystrophy documented by iliac crest biopsy were treated with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (average dose 0.53 micrograms per day) for 6 months. Under 1,25-DHCC there was a statistically significant increase in serum calcium and decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase and immune parathyroid hormone. Histomorphometric evaluation of posttreatment bone biopsies showed reduction of osteoclastic resorption and endosteal fibrosis. Osteoid volume decreased in most cases. In 3 patients with predominant fibroosteoclasia, bone turnover practically normalized. Bone mineral content of the radius (photoabsorptiometry) did not change with treatment. Transient hypercalcemia occurred in 5 patients and was easily corrected by adjustment of 1,25-DHCC dosage.
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PMID:[Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in renal osteopathy]. 53 67

Patients with severe symptomatic renal osteodystrophy were treated with either 1,25(OH)2D3 or 1 alpha(OH)D3. In 39 instances, there was either reversal of symptoms and/or a marked fall in plasma alkaline phosphatase. Bone biopsies showed improvement of either osteomalacia or osteitis fibrosa, and serum iPTH often fell. In thirteen patients, no improvement occurred. In seven patients, bone biopsy disclosed osteomalacia, and serum iPTH was normal or only slightly elevated. Thus, there was a defect in mineralisation. apparently unrelated to the lack of 1,25(OH)2D3 and in the absence of evidence of phosphate depletion. The other 'treatment failure' group showed osteitis fibrosa on biopsy and iPTH levels were markedly elevated. They are presumed to have marked secondary hyperparathyroidism. These 'treatment failure' groups had higher pre-treatment levels of serum Ca and Mg than in those showing a favourable response; also, hypercalcaemia developed rapidly during 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D3 is efficacious in treating symptomatic osteodystrophy in many uraemic patients, and in other patients, it may help identify bone disease of other, as yet unknown, pathogenesis.
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PMID:Use of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 to separate 'types' on renal osteodystrophy. 60 Sep 61

A 68-year-old man with a history of organic heart disease and marked weight loss was found to have apathetic thyrotoxicosis and hypercalcemia. Oral propranolol, 20.0 mg four times a day, provoked a gradual fall in serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase. It is concluded that relatively small doses of oral propranolol may be effective in the management of hypercalcemia accompanying thyrotoxicosis and that beta-blocking agents may not only inhibit the enhanced bone resorption caused by thyroid hormones but also block the stimulated osteoblastic activity.
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PMID:Oral propranolol in hypercalcemia associated with apathetic thyrotoxicosis. 66 23

Six patients with chronic renal failure on regular dialysis treatment were given low doses (0.5--1.0 microgram/day) of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, monitoring the serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration (IPTH) and alkaline phosphatase activity. The serum calcium rose in all patients after 7 days' treatment, in some subjects to hypercalcemic range; this effect persisted 6--14 days after withdrawal of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. The elevated serum IPTH rose in the first days of treatment, but later decreased to normal values. It is suggested that active vitamin D metabolites are necessary for normal response of parathyroid glands to variation in serum calcium. Low-dose 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment appears to be a promising method of correcting hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure. Careful control of serum calcium is necessary, as hypercalcemia may occur even after minute doses of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
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PMID:Effects of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 70 Sep 46

Fifteen patients, 13 women and 2 men (mean age 60 years) with osteoporosis of different types have been under treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. The responses were observed clinically and by the use of roentgen morphometry, photon absorptiometry and by blood and urine chemical analyses. The treatment had beneficial clinical effect in all but 3 patients. The intestinal calcium absorption rate increased significantly. Slight hypercalcemia and a significant hypercalciuria occurred during treatment. Serum and urine phosphate levels, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone values were within normal ranges. The bone mineral content increased significantly during treatment. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium was well tolerated by the patients. Three patients had coincidental acute attacks of spinal pain and 2 had further vertebral crush fractures. A period of time longer than one year is necessary to further evaluate the effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy on the clinical course of severe osteoporosis.
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PMID:Interim report on treatment of osteoporotic patients with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. 70 36

Reccurrent abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte bactericidal activity were demonstrated in a patient with sarcoidosis. Defective function occurred during hypercalcemia complicating recovery from Listeria meningitis, and during separate, unrelated episodes of erythema nodosum, staphylococcal cellulitis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Leukocyte morphology, oxidative metabolism, degranulation, and content of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were normal, but low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrable on one occasion. Despite defective bactericidal function of monocytes, the patient's macrophages killed bacteria normally. The relationship between an intermittent leukocyte bactericidal defect and sarcoidosis is unclear; however, further studies of leukocyte function in sarcoidosis patients with opportunistic infection are indicated.
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PMID:Intermittent neutrophil-monocyte bactericidal defects in a patient with sarcoidosis. 80 91

Male rats weighing 220-250 g were injected i.m. daily with 0.1 mg commercial human growth hormone for 3 days or 12 days. The serum concentration of total calcium phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated for some days and returned to normal values at the end of the test period. The parathyroid glands, as studied by light and electron microscopical morphometry showed signs of reduced activity at the 4th day and also at the 13th day: a lowered nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and a decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum, of Golgi apparatus and of plasmalemmal tortuosity. The findings suggest a hypercalcemic effect of growth hormone involving peripheral organs of calcium metabolism, especially kidney and bone, and a secondary suppression of parathyroid glands by hypercalcemia.20
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PMID:Parathyroid function in rats treated with growth hormone. A morphometric study. 82 5


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