Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An extensive in vitro investigation of the host defence system was performed in 11 sibs of a large kindred with unexplained combination of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH), interstitial lung disease and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. The impairment of host defence mechanism was most likely related to granulocyte dysfunction. A severe myeloperoxidase deficiency was the most consistent granulocyte defect (P less than 0.001) and it was associated with a relatively diminished chemiluminescence (P less than 0.001). Moreover, a significantly diminished antistaphylococcal phagocytic (P less than 0.001) and killing (P less than 0.001) activity was found which in the absence of any opsonizing defect implicates an intrinsic granulocyte dysfunction. We found no abnormalities in number of B and T lymphocytes nor in the balance between helper and suppressor cells determined with monoclonal antibodies. Despite the recurrent infections no elevations of the immunoglobulin subclasses were found. The relationship between the inherited FHH, interstitial lung disease and susceptibility to respiratory infections remains obscure. It is, however, clear that impairment of the host defence might contribute to a decreased life expectancy in this family.
 ...
PMID:Defective host defence mechanisms in a family with hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and coexisting interstitial lung disease. 406 77

We established a novel T cell line, designated TK-6, from a patient with T cell lineage blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) complicated by hypercalcemia. A surface marker study showed T cell phenotype, cluster designation (CD)4, CD5 and CD7. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed myeloperoxidase (MPO)-negative, however, ultrastructural examination under certain specific conditions demonstrated that some cells were MPO-positive. The TK-6 cell karyotype carried a t(9;22)(q34;q11) and additional chromosome aberrations, including a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 and the abnormality of chromosome 7. Southern blot analysis showed rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta-chain (TCR beta) gene and the major breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene. Northern blot analysis detected the expression of the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) gene, however, the proviral genome of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was negative. This cell line will provide a valuable resource for the analysis of the relationship between T cell lineage crisis and myeloid differentiation and for the analysis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) or leukemia.
 ...
PMID:Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line, TK-6, derived from T cell blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, with the secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein. 747 85

The use of low-calcium peritoneal dialysis solutions (PDS) for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is becoming widely accepted to reduce the risk of serum hypercalcemia in patients taking calcium salts as phosphate binders. We compared the in vitro effects of low-calcium PDS (1,000 mumol calcium/L), calcium-free buffer, and buffers with increasing calcium concentrations (500 to 5,000 mumol calcium/L) on peritoneal macrophage (PMO) functions. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from 10 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients were incubated in the different solutions and tested for phagocytic and killing capacity, superoxide generation (cytochrome-C reduction and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence), and the rate of myeloperoxidase-dependent oxidative metabolism (luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence). All functions of the PMO incubated in calcium-free buffer were significantly suppressed compared with the PMO incubated in calcium buffers. No dose-dependent increase of a single PMO function could be found after incubating the PMO in calcium buffer with increasing concentrations. Incubation of PMO in otherwise identical PDS containing 1,000, 1,450, or 1,750 mumol calcium/L did not result in significantly different PMO functions. Acidic PDS (pH 5.3 to 5.5) suppressed all measured PMO functions as compared with their neutralized counterparts (pH 7.4), irrespective of the calcium concentration. Results of our in vitro study show that low-calcium PDS does not suppress PMO functions any more than standard-calcium PDS (1,750 mumol calcium/L) does.
 ...
PMID:In vitro effects of low-calcium peritoneal dialysis solutions on peritoneal macrophage functions. 774 29

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is produced by a variety of malignant tumors and has been implicated as a major cause of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Expression of PTHrP in prostate cancer tissue was studied immunohistochemically using 33 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate. None of these patients demonstrated hypercalcemia prior to the surgery. Acetone-methyl benzoate-xylene-processed, paraffin-embedded tissues were stained with a validated mouse monoclonal antibody to an amino acid fragment, PTHrP(109-141), using the streptavidin-peroxidase enzyme conjugate method. All cases (33 of 33; 100%) studied demonstrated some degree of immunoreactivity throughout the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, but immunostaining was absent from inflammatory and stromal cells. The intensity of the staining appeared to directly correlate with increasing tumor grade. The widespread immunohistochemical localization of PTHrP in carcinoma of the prostate suggests that PTHrP may play some local role in the growth of transformed cells in the prostate. Furthermore, overexpression of PTHrP may be a possible marker to evaluate the malignant potential of carcinoma of the prostate.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of parathyroid hormone-related protein in human prostate cancer. 846 85

A 41-year old woman with lung cancer was admitted to our hospital with constipation, lumbago and paraplegia. Her serum calcium level was 13.9 mg/dl. She expired on the 33rd hospital day despite vigorous fluid and supportive therapy. An autopsy was performed 1 hour later. The cause of death was rupture of the sigmoid colon and panperitonitis. To evaluate the etiology underlying the symptomatic hypercalcemia in the autopsied lung, we measured serum and tumor tissue concentrations of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) by radioimmunoassay using a specific antibody against human PTHrP (1-34), and performed immunohistochemical staining by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method with the same PTHrP antiserum. Northern blot analysis was also performed to detect messenger RNA in cancer tissue. All of these tests were positive for PTHrP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported autopsied case demonstrated to be a PTHrP-producing large cell lung cancer by molecular biological methods.
 ...
PMID:[A case of PTH related protein-producing large cell carcinoma of the lung]. 961 51

Oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas are uncommon neoplasms, and the clinicopathologic features of these tumors are largely unknown. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features of oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas and the expression of cytokeratin 14 (CK14), the high-affinity glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4), as well as the cell cycle proteins p27 and Ki67 and compared these with oxyphil parathyroid adenomas and chief cell parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues from primary (n = 6) and recurrent (n = 4) oxyphil carcinomas were analyzed and compared with chief cell parathyroid carcinomas (n = 12), oxyphil parathyroid adenomas (n = 38), and chief cell parathyroid adenomas (n = 17) by immunohistochemistry for CK14, Glut-4, p27, and Ki67 using the avidin-biotin peroxidase system. Patients with primary oxyphil and chief cell carcinoma presented with high levels of serum calcium (n = 15.5 and 13.7 mg/dL, respectively). Approximately half the patients in each group died of disease. The Ki67 labeling index was higher (4.9 vs 1.9) and the p27 index lower (23 vs 66) in primary oxyphil carcinoma compared with primary oxyphil adenomas. CK14 was expressed in most oxyphil adenomas (35 of 38 cases) but not in oxyphil carcinomas (0 of 10 cases). Glut-4 was more commonly expressed in both groups of adenomas compared with carcinomas. These results show that oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas are functional malignancies similar to chief cell carcinomas and are associated with hypercalcemia, recurrence, and death. Expression of CK14 is very different in oxyphil adenomas compared with carcinomas. Although distinction between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas can only be made by histopathologic and clinical findings, these results suggest that immunostaining for CK14, p27, and Ki67 may provide additional information to help distinguish between difficult cases of parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas. These findings also indicate that the same histopathologic features should be used to diagnose oxyphil and chief cell parathyroid carcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Oxyphil parathyroid carcinomas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases. 1185 6

We present the cases of five patients (two men aged 64 years and 79 years) and three women (aged 64 years, 65 years and 75 years) who have received lithium treatment for 40-45 years, with particular regard to kidney and thyroid functions, hypercalcaemia and cognition, in the context of disease course and overall functioning. Lithium was initiated in the early phase of the illness (in three patients within the first 2 years). In four patients, lithium concentration was between 0.60 and 0.65 mmol/l and in one patient, between 0.7 and 0.8 mmol/l. Four were very good lithium responders. One man had stage 3 chronic kidney disease, and the other stage 2/3 chronic kidney disease. All three women had asymptomatic stage 2 chronic kidney disease. One woman had severe thyroid dysfunction (Hashimoto's disease) with extremely high levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and antithyroglobulin antibodies and was receiving thyroxine. Serum calcium levels were normal or borderline in all five patients, and most cognitive functions were comparable to healthy persons of similar gender, age and years of education. All the patients were professionally active until 55-65 years and their family and social functioning were satisfactory. It was concluded that, in good lithium responders, ultra-long-term treatment with lithium enables good professional and psychosocial functioning, and the possible somatic side effects are manageable.
...
PMID:Kidney, thyroid and other organ functions after 40 years or more of lithium therapy: a case series of five patients. 2753 47


<< Previous 1 2