Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reccurrent abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte bactericidal activity were demonstrated in a patient with sarcoidosis. Defective function occurred during hypercalcemia complicating recovery from Listeria meningitis, and during separate, unrelated episodes of erythema nodosum, staphylococcal cellulitis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Leukocyte morphology, oxidative metabolism, degranulation, and content of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were normal, but low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrable on one occasion. Despite defective bactericidal function of monocytes, the patient's macrophages killed bacteria normally. The relationship between an intermittent leukocyte bactericidal defect and sarcoidosis is unclear; however, further studies of leukocyte function in sarcoidosis patients with opportunistic infection are indicated.
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PMID:Intermittent neutrophil-monocyte bactericidal defects in a patient with sarcoidosis. 80 91

Parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PLP) is produced by a number of tumors commonly associated with hypercalcemia as well as by nontumorous tissue, including some endocrine organs. We applied immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique to localize PLP in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of two human pancreatic carcinomas associated with hypercalcemia and normal blood parathyroid hormone levels. One tumor was endocrine and one was exocrine in differentiation. There was no evidence of bone metastasis in either case. We documented normalization of serum calcium level after removal of the pancreatic endocrine tumor. These observations support the suggestion that PLP production by pancreatic carcinoma may play a role in the development of hypercalcemia. However, the presence of PLP in tumors not associated with hypercalcemia indicates that other factors in addition to PLP are necessary for the manifestation of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia associated with exocrine pancreatic tumor has rarely been reported. Our exocrine pancreatic tumor appears to be the first reported case in which immunohistochemistry localized PLP. Since PLP has been localized to cells of exocrine ducts and ductules of normal pancreas, our results provide insight into the cell of origin of this tumor type.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-like peptide in pancreatic endocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma associated with hypercalcemia. 132 59

We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a major factor responsible for the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, in uterine cervical lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 16 cases of normal and reactive conditions, 45 cases of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasm (CIN) and 63 cases of invasive cancer were studied immunohistochemically by the avidine-biotin-peroxidase method, using an anti-PTHrP monoclonal antibody (MAb), 4B3. In normal and reactive conditions, PTHrP was positive in parabasal cells, squamous metaplasia, and hyperplastic reserve cells. In neoplastic conditions, 96% (43/45) of invasive squamous-cell carcinomas were positive for PTHrP, regardless of the patients' serum calcium levels. Two cases with hypercalcemia were strongly positive for PTHrP and showed prominent stromal interaction of the scirrhous type. In CIN, including koilocytic atypia, 76% (32/42) of cases were positive for PTHrP. In contrast, 91% (10/11) of adenocarcinomas were negative for PTHrP. In conclusion, we found, first, that in non-neoplastic conditions, the presence of PTHrP was correlated with the transformation of progenitor cells into squamous epithelia and with the maturation of keratinocytes and, second, that in squamous-cell carcinoma, the degree of keratinization and stromal interaction was higher in direct proportion to the apparent incidence of detectable PTHrP.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in the uterine cervix. 154 6

A 67-year-old white male presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia (15.6 mg/dl) in December 1989. He had undergone thyroidectomy for removal of a mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the thyroid in 1967, and after eight years of follow-up during which time no other neoplasms were detected, he was reported as a unique case of this syndrome. Mild hypercalcemia (less than 11.0 mg/dl) was first noted in 1987, and this had remained stable until shortly before the acute presentation. Multiple lung nodules were observed radiographically and presumed to be granulomatous until increased size was observed shortly before presentation. Serum intact PTH was 190 pg/ml (n 10-55), but at neck exploration no parathyroid tissue was found and surgery did not resolve the hypercalcemia. Serum PTHrP was undetectable. Biopsies from all three lobes of the right lung revealed numerous nodules of metastatic adenocarcinoma with cords of tumor cells surrounded by mucin. The histology was similar to that obtained 23 years earlier. Following left upper lobe resection with removal of a 3-cm nodule, hypercalcemia resolved. The tumor stained strongly positive with a peroxidase stain for PTH using a polyclonal antibody. Northern blot hybridization of total RNA from the tumor confirmed the presence of message for PTH but not PTHrP. The original diagnosis has been revised to that of a unique case of mucin-producing parathyroid cancer with an extraordinarily long latency period before recurrence.
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PMID:Mucin-producing parathyroid carcinoma. 158 Nov 11

1.25 (OH)2D3 is a potent inducer of differentiation of leukaemic cells into a monocytic direction. However, therapeutic application is difficult because of the development of hypercalcaemia. We examined a novel vitamin D analogue, MC 903, which is at least 100 times less effective on calcium metabolism in rats than 1.25 (OH)2D3. Using the HL-60 cell line, differentiation was measured with a comprehensive panel of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Development of monocytic cells was shown morphologically, immunophenotypically and functionally by increased capability of reducing NBT (vs cultures without MC 903, p less than 0.0001) and by qualitatively and quantitatively increased non-specific esterase activity. Furthermore, a concomitant decreased activity of myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase was noticed. In conclusion, MC 903 is a potent inducer of monocytic differentiation, comparable with 1.25 (OH)2D3 and will therefore be an interesting and potential therapeutic agent for studies in human acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Monocytic differentiation induction of HL-60 cells by MC 903, a novel vitamin D analogue. 162 69

This study was conducted in order to establish whether C cells, which are responsible for secretion of calcitonin within the thyroid gland, change either in volume or morphology under conditions of chronic hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Out of 106 primary hyperparathyroid patients undergoing surgery, in 11 cases the thyroids were excised and examined for changes in the C cell. As a control group we used thyroids removed in another 14 cases undergoing thyroidectomy or laryngectomy. Calcitonin in the C cell was observed by optical microscope after immuno staining using the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody technique. C cells are not evenly distributed within the thyroid. However, there is excellent positive correlation (p less than 0.001) between the C-cell index, which is the average of two tissue samples excised from the area at the border between the upper 1/3 and middle 1/3 of the thyroid lobe (the area where most C cells are found), and the total number of C cells. The C-cell index can thus be used as an indicator of the total number of C cells in the thyroid. The number of C cells decreased (p less than 0.01) as the level of calcium in serum increased. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, this decrease in C cells was significantly greater (p less than 0.025) than in the controls. Focal C cell hyperplasia and diffuse C cell hyperplasia were present in both the control group and primary hyperparathyroid group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups as to the frequency of occurrence. For both these conditions the rate of occurrence was considered within normal ranges for C cell morphology. We concluded that the decrease in C-cell count in primary hyperparathyroidism patients with chronic hypercalcemia is due to consumption of calcitonin in the C cell.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies on the thyroid C-cells in primary hyperparathyroidism]. 176 Nov 42

We describe a patient with fever and multiple osteolytic bone lesions accompanied by hypercalcemia, a duodenal ulcer, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow showed a dense infiltration by abnormal cells characterized by small basophil granula, erythrophagocytosis and nuclear atypia. These cells were positive for toluidine blue and partly for myeloperoxidase and chloroacetate esterase, expressed myeloid differentiation markers, and exhibited multiple numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. Molecular genetic analysis showed no breakpoint cluster region rearrangement. Electron microscopy demonstrated granula both of basophil and mast cell type. Concluding, in this patient an acute hematopoietic malignancy with many features of malignant mastocytosis but also with signs of a basophil differentiation. This is further support for a hematopoietic stem cell origin of human mast cells.
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PMID:Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute hematopoietic malignancy: ultrastructural, cytochemical and immunocytochemical evidence of mast cell and basophil differentiation. 210 68

A cell line was established from undifferentiated giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid. The authors obtained cells from a 44-year-old patient admitted because of a rapidly growing anterior neck mass. The patient had significant leukocytosis and hypercalcemia shortly before her death. An autopsy revealed epidermoid metaplasia of the tumor cells. The cells (HTC/C3) had lost most of their differentiated functions. However, their thyroid nature was shown by peroxidase staining and by enzyme-linked immunostaining with Hashimoto patients' sera. The tumor extract was found to contain parathyroid (PTH)-like activity. Significant amounts of colony stimulating factor (CSF), which was further defined to be GM-CSF, and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) were detected in the conditioned media. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to the HTC/C3 showed rich EGF receptors. Furthermore, the conditioned medium inhibited the binding of 125I-mEGF to HeLa cells, and transforming growth factor (TGF) was found repeatedly in the media.
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PMID:Establishment of a human undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line producing several growth factors and cytokines. 219 88

PTH-like peptide (PLP) is produced by tumors commonly associated with hypercalcemia as well as nonneoplastic tissues and several endocrine glands and tumors. To characterize the distribution of PLP in human endocrine tissues and tumors, we localized PLP in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique with polyclonal antisera. Among peptide hormone-producing tissues, PLP was identified in nontumorous adenohypophysis and pituitary adenomas; medullary thyroid carcinomas; normal, hyperplastic, and adenomatous parathyroids; adrenal medulla and pheochromocytomas; normal pancreatic islets; and endocrine tumors of pancreas, gut, and lung, including small cell carcinomas. In other endocrine tissues PLP was identified in nontumorous thyroid follicular epithelium, colloid nodules, and follicular neoplasms; normal adrenal cortex, adrenocortical adenomas, and carcinomas; nontumorous testicular Leydig cells; normal ovarian granulosa and thecal cells; an ovarian thecoma and a granulosa cell tumor; placental trophoblast; and decidua. These results demonstrate that PLP is localized in many normal and neoplastic endocrine cells, including those not known to influence extracellular calcium homeostasis. The presence of PLP in a variety of endocrine tissues suggests that it may play a local physiological role in the growth or function of endocrine cells.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-like peptide in normal and neoplastic human endocrine tissues. 222 75

Histologic sections of squamous cell carcinomas of four hypercalcemic patients were investigated for the presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like substance. None of the patients had clinical or radiographic evidence of bone metastases. The Sternberger-peroxidase-antiperoxidase-immunoperoxidase technique utilizing monospecific antibody to whole (1 to 84) bovine PTH demonstrated immunoreactive material in all cases. Electron microscopy of the four tumors revealed dense-core secretory granules resembling those seen in parathyroid chief-cell adenomas. The patients did not have elevated serologic levels of PTH or evidence of bone metastases; however, in two cases, osteoclastic bone resorption was seen in bone marrow biopsy specimens. All patients became normocalcemic after definitive tumor resection. The hypercalcemia associated with some nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinomas is associated with the production of PTH-like substance.
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PMID:Localization of parathyroid hormone-like substance in squamous cell carcinomas. An immunoperoxidase study with ultrastructural correlation. 389 84


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