Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis (AM) were reported. Two cases were associated with lung cancer in which the diagnosis of malignancy was difficult and delayed by the coexistence of AM. The third was a case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) which manifested during the course of AM. In case 1 (73 years, male) and case 2 (86 years, male), chest roentgenogram abnormalities as well as clinical symptoms were considered to be caused by mycobacteriosis because of positive smear of acid-fast bacilli in sputa on admission. Therefore it took four months and three months respectively for final diagnosis of lung cancer. The autopsy of case 1 revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with coexisting foci of squamous cell carcinoma in right lower lung, and granulomatous inflammations with caseating necroses in right mid and lower lungs. M. avium complex was cultured from sputum on admission, and also a high titer of HTLV-I antibody was demonstrated. In case 2 malignant cells were detected in sputa (class V), however his general condition did not allow an aggressive anticancer chemotherapy and he died of malignancy with complication of thromboangiitis obliterans on right lower leg. Case 3 was a 76-year-old male who had been diagnosed as lung AM for more than two years. His chest radiography showed bilateral infiltrative shadows with frequent positive cultures of M. avium complex (more than 100 colonies) from sputum. A generalized lymphadenopathy including right hilar lymph node on chest X-ray film was followed by the presence of atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the elevation of HTLV-I antibody in serum. Four months later he died with hypercalcemia and renal failure in spite of chemotherapy (CPM + VCR + ADR + PLS). The above cases suggest that AM as well as tuberculosis should be considered when pulmonary infiltrates were observed in malignant patients, especially in patients with retrovirus infections.
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PMID:[Three cases of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis associated with lung cancer and adult T-cell leukemia]. 237 33

Case 1: A 34-year-old woman,who had a right breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastases, was referred to our clinic. She developed paralysis of lower extremities and disorder of the bladder and rectum due to metastasis to the thoracic vertebra, and also had renal dysfunction due to severe hypercalcemia and hemorrhagic cystitis. Correcting the serum calcium level with intravenous infusion, elcatonin, pamidronate and betamethasone, she underwent radiation therapy for the vertebral metastasis. The first hormonal therapy (leuprorelin/exemestane) had been effective for about 4 months, however the second hormonal therapy (leuprorelin/tamoxifen) was not effective. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) brought about a stable general condition and a normal level of serum calcium with zoledronate in the ninth month of treatment. Case 2: A 32-year-old woman, who had a right breast cancer with multiple bone metastases and axillary and hilar lymph node metastases, came to our clinic, complaining of nausea due to severe hypercalcemia. After successful correction of hypercalcemia by the intravenous infusion and administration of elcatonin, pamidronate and dexamethasone, the hormonal therapy(goserelin/tamoxifen) caused rapid re-elevation of serum calcium and tumor marker, so that a tumor flare was suspected. After 3 cycles of EC therapy (EPI 90 mg/m(2), CPM 600 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks), 2 cycles of paclitaxel therapy (80 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) brought about tumor reduction and the normal level of serum calcium. After 7 cycles of paclitaxel therapy,the hormonal therapy (goserelin/tamoxifen) proved effective for several months. To achieve tumor reduction and stabilize the serum calcium level, we need to start immediately the treatment of breast cancer with severe hypercalcemia, considering the general condition of the patient.
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PMID:[Two cases of stage IV breast cancer with severe hypercalcemia]. 1648 60

The most frequent electrolytic disorders associating with tumors are hypercalcemia and hyponatremia, which should often be dealt with on an emergency basis. Hypercalcemia is observed in around 10% of metastatic solid tumors including lung, breast, head and neck and renal cancers. In hematological malignancies, hypercalcemia is observed with a relatively high incidence in malignant lymphoma. Hypercalcemia is caused by bone metastasis or PTH-rP secreted from tumors. In other cases, it is induced by calcitriol produced from tumor. Hypercalcemia sometimes results in a fatal outcome, and should be carefully monitored. Hyponatremia presented as SIADH is sometimes caused by arginine vasopressin derived from tumors. In other cases, SIADH is induced with chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide and cisplatin. Neither hypercalcemia nor hyponatremia has any specific symptoms. Delayed treatment often results in severe condition, such as unconsciousness or even death. Therapy for hypercalcemia is started by infusion of normal saline, and a patient with severe hypercalcemia should be treated with bisphosphonates. Zoledronic acid is the best bisphosphonate among them at this present. Treatment of SIADH is started by water restriction. In an emergency, treatment with hypertonic saline(3-5%)should be considered together with loop diuretics. Demethyl chlorotetracycline is considerable in poor response cases, and mozavaptan hydrochloride is applicable in case of vasopressin-producing tumors. In any case, inappropriate rapid correction of hyponatremia could induce severe brain damage called CPM without careful management.
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PMID:[Treatment for the electrolytic disorders in cancer patients]. 1909