Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nocturia is a common and troublesome symptom in otherwise healthy elderly men and women. Nocturnal polyuria (an excessive nighttime urine output) has been documented to be a common finding in healthy men with lower urinary tract symptoms. It is also a presenting feature of various medical conditions, such as renal failure, hypercalcemia and diabetes. Fluid balance therapy is an option in those whose nocturia is secondary to nocturnal polyuria. If a reduction in fluid intake fails to reduce nocturnal frequency a variety of drug treatments may be beneficial. Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of intranasal DDAVP, a synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone, in both healthy patients and those with neuropathic bladders, although fluid overload and hyponatremia are potential side effects. Other drug treatments include early evening diuretics, such as frusemide or bumetanide. More recently imipramine has shown therapeutic benefit in young adults with enuresis, and might prove to be useful in the elderly with nocturnal polyuria.
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PMID:Fluid balance therapy of nocturia in women. 1020 67

We present here a case of prominent hypercalcemia accompanied by hypothalamic tumor and Graves' disease. A 24-year-old man with hypothalamic tumor showed hypopituitarism, central diabetes inspidus (DI) and hyperthyroidism. Nausea, loss of thirst and appetite, and general fatigue were found with the unveiling of hypercalcemia and hypernatremia. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1alpha-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were suppressed with a normal range of PTH-related protein values. One-desamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin (DDAVP) and half-saline administration normalized hypernatremia, while hypercalcemia was still sustained. Administration of cortisone acetate and thiamazole reduced the elevated serum Ca level. In the present case, concurrent hyperthyroidism was assumed to accelerate skeletal mobilization of calcium into the circulation. Hypocortisolism and central DI was also considered to contribute, to some extent, to the hypercalcemia through renal handling of Ca.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia accompanied by hypothalamic hypopituitarism, central diabetes inspidus and hyperthyroidism. 1041 54

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is defined as the inability of the kidney to concentrate urine owing to the insensitivity of the distal nephron to the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin. NDI can be either a congenital or an acquired disorder. Acquired NDI most commonly is secondary to drugs such as lithium or metabolic disturbances, such as hypokalemia and hypercalcemia. Disturbance of the aquaporin-2 shuttle is the underlying molecular basis of acquired NDI. NDI is diagnosed with the help of a water-deprivation test. Patients with the disorder will have a urinary osmolality of less than 300 mosm/kg H2O despite water deprivation. On administration of aqueous vasopressin, patients with NDI will show little or no increase in urine osmolality. Therapy consists of identifying and correcting the underlying disorder, or withdrawing the offending drug. Other treatment options that may be beneficial include diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, decreased dietary solute intake, and desmopressin (DDAVP).
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PMID:Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 1671 97