Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-four normocalcaemic women with multiple osteolytic bone metastases from breast cancer were randomly allocated to treatment with disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) 1600 mg/day orally (17) or placebo (17) for 3-9 months. Fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios declined in the Cl2MDP group but not in the placebo group. Four patients in the placebo group died from hypercalcaemia. New bone metastases were more common in patients on placebo and these patients also required more analgesic drugs than those on Cl2MDP. Cl2MDP seemed to reduce bone pain and bone resorption and prevent the development of hypercalcaemia caused by osteolytic metastases. The formation of new bone metastases and the growth of old ones seemed to be retarded by Cl2MDP.
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PMID:Long-term controlled trial with diphosphonate in patients with osteolytic bone metastases. 613 Jan 97

Radioactive phosphorus effected substantial palliation of intractable bone pain in 17 of 33 (51.5%) women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast and in 14 of 15 (93.3%) men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. No significant difference in the overall response rate was found between androgen and parathormone priming prior to radiophosphorus therapy. The degree of response was not dependent on total dose of 32P within the range of 9--18 mCi (333--666 MBq). Myelosuppression was a transient complication in 9 of 33 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma and in 7 of 15 patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma. Symptomatic hypercalcemia was an infrequent complication of radiophosphorus therapy irrespective of the priming regimen.
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PMID:Evaluation of radioactive phosphorus in the palliation of metastatic bone lesions from carcinoma of the breast and prostate. 615 29

Ten women with skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma received dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), an inhibitor of osteoclast function, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Eight of these patients had either hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria, and all 10 had elevated urinary hydroxyproline levels as evidence of active skeletal disease. Eight patients had moderate to severe bone pain. After eight weeks of oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment (3,200 mg per day), either preceded by or followed by an eight-week placebo period, seven of eight patients with hypercalciuria had significant reductions in urinary calcium levels, and nine of 10 had reductions in urinary hydroxyproline levels (significant in eight) when the dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment periods were compared with prestudy or placebo periods. Additionally, seven of eight subjects had decreased pain with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. There were no adverse effects other than transient diarrhea in some patients. We conclude that oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate can significantly inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone destruction in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer.
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PMID:Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in women with breast carcinoma metastatic to the skeleton. 621 77

Peripheral polyneuropathy (PPN) is a rare complication of plasma cell neoplasia (PCN), occurring in less than one percent of the patients. Fifty-four such patients (including our 5) were reviewed. There were 42 men (78%) and 12 women (22%) aged 28 to 72 years. Forty-nine percent of patients were younger than 51 years at the time of diagnosis. The initial complaints were different from those observed in multiple myeloma in general, and were related to polyneuropathy in 80% of the patients. PPN was usually of a mixed sensory-motor type and most often involved all four extremities. Skeletal pain was less common than in myeloma in general, occurring initially in 15% and at diagnosis in 45% of the patients. In 21 patients, reversibility of neuropathy was observed. These patients were compared to those with irreversible neuropathy and found to be relatively younger and more aggressively treated with irradiation and modern chemotherapy. Elevated sedimentation rate was uncommon. Less than half of the patients had anemia, and six patients, all with osteosclerotic lesions, had polycythemia. Azotemia was detected in 44% of the cases. No hypercalcemia was observed in 21 examined patients. M components were usually of IgG class, and when the light chains of M components were examined they were invariably of lambda type. Often the level of M component was below 2.0 g/dl. In all patients the bone marrow was infiltrated with immature, abnormal-looking plasma cells, but the infiltrate was often limited to one or a few foci. Solitary plasmacytoma was observed in 14 patients. No anemia, hypercalcemia or azotemia was recorded in this group. Eight patients had serum M components. Bone marrow aspirate was usually normal. In seven patients definite reversibility of PPN was observed after irradiation of plasmacytoma. Twelve patients presented with osteosclerotic lesions (22%), 18 with both osteosclerotic and osteolytic lesions (33%) and 13 with osteolytic lesions. Forty-two percent of the patients had less than three visible lesions in the skeleton. Eleven patients had either osteoporosis or radiologically normal skeleton. The mean survival from the first symptom was about 28 months and from the diagnosis 20 months. The five-year survival was 21% and 20%, respectively. These observations highlight the differences between PCN with PPN and multiple myeloma without PPN.
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PMID:Plasma cell neoplasia with peripheral polyneuropathy. A study of five cases and a review of the literature. 624 19

In 25 (33.8%) of 74 chronically haemodialysed patients a distinct osteopathy with bone pain, spontaneous fractures, arthralgias and weakness of the muscles due to dialysis was present. In comparison to a group without complaints the duration of the dialysis was longer by 6 months, the mineral contents of the bones was decreased in 38%, in the comparative group in 22%. A progressive demineralisation was found in 46%, in the comparative group in 20%. Hypercalcaemias under vitamin D2 caused a therapy resistance. In 1 exemplary case (type IIc, PTH 0.3 micrograms/l) in the 3rd year of dialysis a fracture of the neck of the femur took place and an endoprosthesis was implanted. There was a progressive demineralisation of about 16%. The suspicion of a typical combination with an encephalopathy due to dialysis did not confirm itself. A pseudocyst in the brain was found. The differential diagnosis to the hypercalcaemia-induced psychosis in the osteopathy due to dialysis is discussed. In a prophylactic application dihydrotachysterine proved favourable for avoidance of an osteopathy due to dialysis. Parallel to the clinical progressing of the osteopathy due to dialysis a progressive demineralisation could be demonstrated at the peripheral mineral contents of the bones. Extreme losses of minerals appeared from the 4th to the 59th month of dialysis from - 16% to - 37% and from the 22nd to the 87th month from plus 11% to minus 14% of the age-and-sex-specific normal values. Successful transplantations led to the stagnation of the progressive demineralisation, unsucessful transplantations increase them. The influence of the non-refined water for the production of dialysate by possible aluminium intoxications on the development of the osteopathy due to dialysis is discussed.
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PMID:[Dialysis osteopathy with spontaneous fractures, progressive demineralization and therapy resistance]. 635 38

Hypercalcemia and hypercalcemic crisis are common and often life threatening complications of neoplastic disease. Even moderately increased mobilization of skeletal calcium can result in significant osteoporosis. This in turn can give rise to pathologic fractures, often followed by pulmonary fat embolism and death. Bone pain is at times the first sign of neoplastic disease and the reason for seeking medical help.
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PMID:Experience with hypercalcemia and osteoporosis of neoplastic disease. 639 60

Patients who have cutaneous and osseous neurofibromatosis, especially those with pathologic fractures, bone pain, roentgenographic evidence of cystic lesions, or hypercalcemia, should be evaluated carefully for the presence of a hormonally active parathyroid adenoma. They may have a reversible cause of osteitis fibrosa cystica. Palpation of the neck, serum and urine collections for measuring calcium and phosphorus levels, PTH determinations, bone roentgenograms, and bone biopsy help to establish the diagnosis.
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PMID:Neurofibromatosis and primary hyperparathyroidism. 642 38

A 49-year-old woman at recent climacterium was admitted to our hospital for a dyspeptic-type symptomatology, weight loss, bone pain, moderate polyuric-polydipsic syndrome and in a marked astheno-depressive state. Paraclinical explorations revealed constant hypercalcemia with hypophosphoremia, calciuria, chronic renal failure in the polyuric phase with retention of nitric bases. X-ray films showed diffuse osteoporosis, right nephrocalcinosis and diffuse calcifications of the galactophorous ducts in both breasts. Computerized tomography revealed and surgery confirmed the presence of tumoral tissues on the anterior aspect of the trachea. Histopathologic examination revealed a parathyroid adenoma.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with galactophorous ducts calcification. 649 88

A 47-year-old man was admitted with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bone pain. Hypercalcemia still remained after three small papillary tumors on the left retrotrigonal wall of the bladder were resected transurethrally. Some biochemical as well as X-ray examinations thereafter pointed out an association with primary hyperparathyroidism. An adenoma arising from right upper parathyroid gland was found and excised. Then his symptoms, both subjective and objective, were normalized. Six documented cases of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with urological malignancy including our own were found in the Japanese literature.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with bladder tumor: report of a case]. 651

Because calcitonin administration has been shown to decrease the serum calcium level in certain hypercalcemic conditions, 10 patients on maintenance dialysis with renal osteodystrophy and persistent hypercalcemia were treated with salmon calcitonin for 3 months. While plasma calcium concentrations were reduced by calcitonin therapy in four patients, therapy was ceased in two patients due to a worsening of their hypercalcemia, although in another two patients the initial worsening of the hypercalcemia settled with continued therapy. No significant changes in calcium levels occurred in the remaining two patients. Analysis of the data suggests that a hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin was most likely in the presence of osteomalacia, while predominant osteitis fibrosa favored a hypercalcemic response. Calcitonin administration caused a mean increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion 3.6 +/- 1.5 to 6.5 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; p less than 0.05) after 6 weeks of therapy. Three patients reported improvement in their bone pain. These studies show that despite possible symptomatic and morphological effects of calcitonin, its hypocalcemic effect in patients with renal osteodystrophy and hypercalcemia is inconsistent.
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PMID:Effect of calcitonin on hemodialysis patients with hypercalcemia and renal osteodystrophy. 653 90


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