Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-three cases of metastatic bone tumor were treated with Elcatonin. The agent was injected intramuscularly to each patient at a dose of 40 units twice daily. Twelve patients (28%) experienced pain relief within 4 days after treatment and after 4 weeks, twenty-eight patients (65%) had palliation of pain. In patients with hypercalcemia (4 cases), a decrease of serum Ca was observed one week after administration of Elcatonin. Improved bone scintigram was observed in 37.5% of cases, and radiographic improvement in 20% of cases. These data indicate that Elcatonin is effective for achieving pain relief and in improving the state of invaded bones when administered in combination with conventional treatment modalities for patients with metastatic bone tumors.
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PMID:[Clinical study of a synthetic calcitonin derivative (elcatonin) in patients with metastatic bone tumors]. 363 70

During the past ten to 20 years, there have been many advances in the understanding of the way in which skeletal metastases develop and great strides in the methods of detection, particularly with the development of the gamma camera and axial or whole-body skeletal scintigraphy. Skeletal metastases may present with pain, hypercalcemia, large lytic lesions, pathologic fracture, spinal cord or cauda equina compression, or spinal instability. Much has been learned about the management of skeletal metastases, and many of these developments have occurred in Great Britain.
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PMID:Skeletal metastases. 375 60

Dialysis osteomalacia is characterized by distinctive, although not pathognomonic, clinical and biochemical features. Symptoms and signs may include musculoskeletal pain, arthralgias, proximal muscle weakness, and spontaneous fractures. Biochemical characteristics may be hypercalcemia and normal serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Vitamin D administration may induce early severe hypercalcemia. Plasma phosphate and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations may be at any level. Only bone histology allows to establish the diagnosis of dialysis osteomalacia with certainty. Diphosphonate bone scan, however, enables to distinguish between severe osteitis fibrosa and dialysis osteomalacia. The diagnostic value of desferrioxamine administration with subsequent measurement of plasma aluminium remains to be determined. The complex interactions existing between parathyroid hormone and aluminium are not yet fully understood.
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PMID:Dialysis osteomalacia: clinical aspects and physiopathological mechanisms. 391 57

18 French women with bone metastases of breast cancer were treated with norethisterone 60 mg per day (except 1 woman given 20 mg daily) for 2 months or until the end of the remission from 1969-1972. The patients ranged from 39-84 years (mean 57.7). In 16 breast cancer had 0een diagnosed 6 months to 16 years before (mean 43 months). Calcemia was less than 102 mg per 1; calcuria was above 250 mg per 24 hours in 3. The bone lesions were lytic in 13 and mixed in 5. Progestagens were the first treatment for bone metastases in 10; others had ovariectomy, androgens, cortisone, chemotherapy, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy. Since the response of these metastases is difficult to evaluate, the authors chose criteria of disappearance of pain and stabilization of radiographic lesions. In 6 patients pain was relieved within 2-4 weeks, and lesions stabilized or recalcified in 2. In 5 of the 6 erythrocyte sedimentation rate became normal in 2 months; calcemia normalized in 1; calcuria decreased in 4. Remission lasted 3-9 months (mean 5.6). After remission, androgens were effective in 3 or 4. In 6, norethisterone was stopped because it was ineffective. 6 others had to stop for intolerance: vomiting in 1, jaundice in 2, hypercalcemia in 3.
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PMID:[Treatment of bone metastases of breast cancer with progestogens]. 482 May 23

One hundred and twenty-nine patients with distressing pain due to widespread bony metastases have been treated by systemic radiation therapy. The response rate is very high (76%) and the relief of pain occurs dramatically within 24-48 h. Sixty-five per cent of all responders remained free from pain for the remainder of their liver (3-10 months). This treatment has also proved effective in reducing large tumour masses for a limited period of time (5-20 weeks). Effective control of resistant hypercalcaemia was also observed within 24 h in five patients out of nine. The treatment is well tolerated and is haematologically safe. The main limiting factor is pulmonary damage. Various corrective measure have been employed to reduce acute radiation toxicity. This report presents an up to date analysis of the response to, and toxicity of, systemic radiation therapy and speculates on its potential uses.
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PMID:Half body irradiation (HBI) in metastatic carcinomas. 616 85

Today the indication for palliative embolization of inoperable renal carcinoma is more restricted than several years ago. Reviewing 31 own palliative occlusions of the renal artery in 29 patients over a period of 5 1/2 years two main reasons for this attitude are presented: 1. Because of collateral or parasitic vascular supply of kidney tumors the occlusion of the renal arteries only results in a retarded tumor growth rate and does not seem to prolong patient survival. 2. the "postembolization syndrome" after tumor occlusion has a relatively high complication rate and lethality (20% serious side effects, 3% deaths directly related to embolization). Therefore embolization of inoperable renal carcinomas is justified only in patients whose remaining lifetime can be alleviated by this measure. Certain indications are: massive hematuria, severe local pain due to the tumor and life endangering endocrine tumor activity, e.g. hypercalcemia. Uncertain indications such as recurring but not perilous hematuria causing progressive anemia and refusal of tumor surgery should be carefully balanced against the hazards of embolization.
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PMID:[Limitations and hazards of palliative renal tumor embolization]. 618 73

Ten women with skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma received dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), an inhibitor of osteoclast function, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Eight of these patients had either hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria, and all 10 had elevated urinary hydroxyproline levels as evidence of active skeletal disease. Eight patients had moderate to severe bone pain. After eight weeks of oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment (3,200 mg per day), either preceded by or followed by an eight-week placebo period, seven of eight patients with hypercalciuria had significant reductions in urinary calcium levels, and nine of 10 had reductions in urinary hydroxyproline levels (significant in eight) when the dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment periods were compared with prestudy or placebo periods. Additionally, seven of eight subjects had decreased pain with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. There were no adverse effects other than transient diarrhea in some patients. We conclude that oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate can significantly inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone destruction in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer.
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PMID:Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in women with breast carcinoma metastatic to the skeleton. 621 77

Isotretinoin is remarkably effective in the treatment of severe cystic acne, however, many complications have been observed during treatment and new toxic effects have been reported. Hypertriglyceridemia associated with decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has occurred in 25 percent of patients and requires monitoring during treatment. Painful erosions with granulation tissue recently have been reported in patients with severe acne. Other complications have included corneal opacities, pseudotumor cerebri, hypercalcemia, photosensitivity reactions, abnormal liver function tests, and skeletal hyperostosis. Isotretinoin is teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy. With the increasing acceptance and use of isotretinoin for cystic acne, as well as related disorders (inflammatory papulopustular acne with scarring, gram-negative folliculitis, and acne rosacea), a reevaluation of isotretinoin aimed at reducing complications is in order. Patient selection criteria and guidelines directed at reducing these complications are presented.
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PMID:Isotretinoin: a reappraisal. 623 21

We conducted a prospective study of the rheumatological manifestations in 20 patients with adrenal failure: 15 women and 5 men with a mean age of 56. Osteo-articular pathology was observed in 19 of the 20 cases (95%). The painful manifestations presented as arthralgia, myalgia or episodes of peri-arthritis; they were associated with active phases of the endocrine disease in 9 cases (45%). The radiological features of these patients were compared with those of age and sex matched controls who were hospitalized for other rheumatological conditions. 11 patients had radiologically visible tendinous calcifications (TC); 6 patients had 3 or more TC. The 20 patients had a total of 31 TC, which was significantly different from the controls. A related finding was calcification of the cartilages of the ears in 4 out of 10 patients (40%). Hypercalcaemia was detected in 5 cases (25%), accompanying episodes of decompensation of the adrenal failure. The pathogenesis of the tendinous calcifications is not clear. Mineralocorticoid treatment can not be considered to be a major aetiological factor for CT, calcification of the ears nor the pain, as its use was very constant. Thus, tendinous calcifications, which have rarely been reported to date, could explain a large part of the painful manifestations of adrenal failure.
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PMID:[Osteoarticular manifestations in adrenal insufficiency]. 671 64

Forty patients with various neoplasias and radiological and scintigraphic evidence of multiple osteolytic lesions were studied between March 1979 and December 1981 at the Savona Oncology Service. All of them were treated with chemo and/or hormone therapy, plus 100 UMRC salmon calcitonin a day for 20 days a month until a clinical improvement was observed. The parameters for evaluation were: radiography and scintigraphy of the skeletal segment involved, blood calcium, alkaline phosphatase, intensity of pain, and restriction of function. An assessment was made before and after calcitonin management. Blood calcium fell in all cases even in the range of those initially normal. Alkaline phosphatase decreased in 83.3% and pain disappeared or was less severe in 87.50%. Good results were also observed with regard to restriction of function. Good recalcification of some osteolytic lesions was noted in 7 cases (17.5%). Calcitonin thus proved effective in the correction or prevention of damage caused by hypercalcaemia, and was particularly useful in the reduction of pain and functional damage. Its analgesic effect often appeared at an early stage.
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PMID:[Use of calcitonin in neoplastic osteolysis]. 683 60


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