Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients (8 male and 7 female) with multiple myeloma, who were admitted to our hospital between July 1986 and August 1988 and suffering from pain and hypercalcemia, were treated with synthetic calcitonin derivative (elcatonin: ECT). ECT was administered intravenously at a dose of 10-640 units twice daily. Seven patients were treated with ECT (ECT group), and eight patients received combination treatment with ECT and other form of chemotherapy (combination group). With regard to the pain score (PS), significant analgesic effects in both groups were observed during 1-4 week treatments (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in PS between two groups. Serum calcium levels in the combination group at 1 and 4 weeks were significantly lower than the initial value (p less than 0.05). Hypocalcemia was not seen in any of the patients. Urinary excretion of calcium at 1 week in ECT group was higher than the initial value (p less than 0.05). The observed toxicities of ECT were slight nausea and vomiting in only 2 patients. These findings suggest that ECT is an useful agent for the treatment of pain and hypercalcemia accompanied with multiple myeloma.
 ...
PMID:[Effectiveness of synthetic calcitonin derivative (elcatonin) on the bone pain and serum calcium concentration in multiple myeloma]. 233 72

Eight sessions of upper and lower hemibody irradiation have been given to 7 patients with generalized metastases from various malignancies. In 5 patients with painful bony metastases, the pain responded to the radiation and in one case, a complete disappearance of pain was obtained. In 2 patients, the hematological suppression that resulted needed supportive care. Hypercalcemia from metastatic cancer was alleviated dramatically in two patients, but not for long duration. Hemibody irradiation seems to provide an effective means for the palliation of painful bony metastases and for hypercalcemia resulting from it.
 ...
PMID:[Hemibody irradiation in the treatment of generalized metastases]. 244 5

Hypercalcemia and leukocytosis of malignancy have been highlighted over a decade. We report a case of a gallbladder cancer with marked hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of remittent fever and left hypochondric pain. The computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed the cancer of the gallbladder with liver metastases. The patient's medical condition deteriorated as the tumor was rapidly growing up. Her medical course was marked by hypercalcemia and an increase in mature neutrophils. Medical therapy with normal saline, furosemide, indomethacin, prednisolone, and calcitonin failed to ameliorate hypercalcemia. On the twenty-ninth hospital day the serum calcium was elevated to 17.6 mg/dl which responded to 1000 micrograms of mithramycin while leucocytosis continued. Despite the chemotherapy with doxorubicin and tegafur, the tumor continued to grow. Leukocytosis was attributed to the elevated colony-stimulating factor activity which was two-fold of control. The parathyroid hormone and nephrogeneous cyclic AMP levels were normal with low vitamin D levels. Hypercalcemia was attributed to a parathyroid hormone-like substance because of a decrease in %TRP in the presence of normal renal function and the normal parathyroid hormone level. Autopsy revealed an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with multiple liver metastases, and bone resorption in the vertebral column and sternum without evident bone metastasis.
 ...
PMID:A case of a gallbladder cancer with marked hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. 253 86

A double blind comparative trial was performed in order to study the efficacy and safety of alfacalcidol (1 alpha-OH-D3) in a total of 140 patients with RA admitted to 31 institutes, using a placebo as the control. The treatment period was 16 weeks. The doses of 1 alpha-OH-D3 were 1.0 microgram/day and 2.0 micrograms/day. It was permissible to use non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs for basic treatment and oral steroidal preparations for maintenance treatment without changing the doses of these drugs during the study period in patients who had been treated with them before participating in the study (for oral steroidal preparations, the dose was limited to 5 mg/day or less as prednisolone). The percentage of patients with slight improvement was about 10% higher in 1 alpha-OH-D3 groups than in placebo group, but the difference between them was not significant. The results tended to be better in the treated groups than in the placebo group, but there was no significant difference between them with regard to duration of morning stiffness, number of joints with pain, number of joints with swelling and Lansbury's index. The effects of 1 alpha-OH-D3 on various immunological parameters including lymphocyte subsets were not clearly demonstrated. However, interestingly, the ratio of OKT-4/OKT-8 was found not to change in patients whose initial value was normal, while it tended to decrease after 1 alpha-OH-D3 treatment in patients whose initial value was abnormally high. The improvement of bone atrophy was judged by microdensitometry (MD) method using X-ray picture of hands. The indexes of bone density (GS max, GS min and sigma GS/D) demonstrated that 1 alpha-OH-D3 prevents reduction in bone density. 1 alpha-OH-D3 did not trigger hypercalcemia in any case. However there was a slight but significant increase of serum Ca value in the group with higher dose (2.0 micrograms/day). Taking the efficacy into consideration, the dose of 1.0 microgram/day was judged to be suitable for long-term treatment.
 ...
PMID:[A double blind trial of alfacalcidol on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)]. 266 31

The pathogenesis, clinical features, indications for therapy, and current pharamacologic management of Paget's disease are reviewed. Paget's disease is a bone disorder of unknown etiology primarily affecting the elderly. Overactive bone resorption leads to the accelerated formation of disorganized, weak bone. Pain and fractures are common clinical features. Neurologic, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neoplastic complications are also reported. Because most patients are asymptomatic, the disease is often detected during routine roentgenography or laboratory tests. Primary indications for pharmacologic intervention include bone pain, neural compression, immobilization hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria, cardiac failure, and orthopedic surgery. Recurrent or non-healing fractures and rapidly progressing complications are additional indications. Drugs used in the management of Paget's disease include calcitonin, etidronate disodium, and plicamycin. Although these agents are efficacious, each has disadvantages. Clinical resistance to animal calcitonins may develop, and the cost of therapy may be prohibitive. Etidronate may induce ostemalacia. The use of plicamycin is limited by potentially severe toxicities. Dichloromethylene and aminohydroxypropylidene are promising diphosphonate compounds but are still investigational In those patients who are unresponsive to single-agent regimens, combination therapy may prove effective. Although many patients with Paget's disease do not require pharmacologic therapy, calcitonin and etidronate are the agents of choice when it is indicated.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacologic management of Paget's disease. 266 12

Hypercalcemia has not been reported as a complication of rhabdomyosarcoma in adults. We present the case of a 56-year-old man with pain in his right leg and hypercalcemia secondary to a large pelvic tumor. He had a rapidly progressive downhill course resulting in death due to tonsillar herniation. Although the results of special stains were negative, light microscopy showed poorly differentiated tumor, with features consistent with rhabdomyosarcoma. In children, hypercalcemia secondary to rhabdomyosarcoma is not uncommon and has been associated with bony metastasis, increased parathyroid hormone, and increased levels of prostaglandin E2.
 ...
PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma and hypercalcemia. 271 11

Clinical investigations have shown that 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (oxydevit, alphacalcidiol) and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (rocaltrol) are act vitamin D3 agents producing a positive clinical effect in different types of osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Clinical improvement of the patients' status (alleviation of the pain syndrome, an increase in motor activity) was noted in 1-2 mos., an x-ray picture of regeneration of the bone structure of both axial and peripheral skeleton--in 6-12 mos. after the initiation of therapy. Therapy was attended by an increase in the serum content of total and ionized calcium, the return of alkaline phosphatase activity to normal, and a decrease in the level of parathormone. During prolonged therapy these agents administered at daily doses of 0.25-2 micrograms caused no pathological side-effects and hypercalcemia. In osteoporotic conditions all these drugs were equal in their clinical effectiveness. Rocaltrol has some advantages in the presence of associated liver pathology.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin D3 preparations (1-alpha-hydroxy- and 1-alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in various forms of osteoporosis and osteomalacia]. 276 60

Thirteen patients with hematological neoplasms were treated with Bestrabucil (100 mg/day po, total dose 700-9,900 mg), which is the benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate. The diseases from which they suffered consisted of T-cell leukemia (3), lymphoma (3), myeloma (5) and essential thrombocytosis (2). Although this drug was less effective against myeloma, the other diseases were more or less relieved with this medication. That is, Bestrabucil was effective in all three patients with T-cell leukemia, both with essential thrombocytosis and two of the three with lymphoma. It is most interesting that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells decreased remarkably with Bestrabucil, along with the disappearance of several symptoms (bone pain, hypercalcemia etc.). The main side effects during this medication were mammary pain (eight of 13 patients, 62%), anorexia (five of 13 patients, 39%) and loss of libido (three of 13 patients, 23%), but neither severe myelosuppression nor hepatorenal dysfunction was induced.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical trial of bestrabucil (KM 2210) in hematopoietic malignancies]. 287 6

Bone metastases are frequently one of the first signs of disseminated disease in cancer patients. In the majority of patients, the primary tumour originates from the breast, prostate or lungs. Even although the prognosis is serious, a proportion of the patients will survive for several years and will thus require active treatment. More than 25% of the patients have no symptoms whereas pain dominates in the remainder. Frequent complications are pathological fractures, hypercalcaemia and spinal cord compression. Normally, the diagnosis can be established from the clinical picture compared with a series of laboratory analyses, x-ray investigations of the skeleton and bone scintigraphy. As treatment is mainly palliative, the purpose is primarily relief of pain, prevention of fractures and ensuring a reasonable functional level. The therapeutic possibilities comprise local treatment in the form of surgery and irradiation and also systemic treatment in the form of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and possibly diphosphonates. of these, irradiation still plays the most important role. About 80% of the patients respond to treatment and, after 12 months, 50-70% of the surviving patients will still be free from pain. Only few randomized investigations are found in the literature available and the criteria of response are, in general, difficult to interpret. There is, therefore, a great requirement for more clinically controlled investigations which assess the efficacy of the numerous therapeutic possibilities.
 ...
PMID:[Bone metastasis]. 291 54

Osteitis deformans is a focal disease of the osteoclasts characterised by increased bone resorption subsequently followed by increased bone formation leading to abnormal bone. A viral etiology seems increasingly probable, but remains unproven. 5-30% of the patients present with symptoms such as pain, deformity and fracture. Hearing loss, nerve- or root-compression, arthrosis and hyperuricaemia may complicate the disease while malignant degeneration, hypercalcemia and high output cardiac failure are rare. The diagnosis is based on X-ray findings but biopsy may be necessary in selected cases. The extent of the disease is revealed by bone scintigraphy and the activity of the disease reflected by urine hydroxyproline excretion and serum alkaline phosphatase.
 ...
PMID:[Paget's osteitis deformans. Epidemiology and clinical picture]. 292 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>