Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) studied the response rate and toxicity of merbarone (1,000 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion days 1-5, q 21 days) in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Among 36 eligible patients, there was one partial response for a response rate of 3% (95% C.I. 0.1-15%). There were no mixed responses. There were no treatment related deaths or adverse drug reactions. Significant anemia, diarrhea, and hypercalcemia were observed. Mild to moderate degrees of malaise/fatigue/lethargy, dizziness/vertigo, hyperglycemia, creatinine increase, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, pedal edema, dyspnea, and granulocytopenia were noted. Merbarone does not have significant activity as a single agent in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of merbarone in renal cell carcinoma. 786 Feb 33

Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1), a type C retrovirus associated with leukemia/lymphoma in Old World monkeys, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in humans. In a colony of 3200 baboons, the prevalence of antibodies to STLV-1 is more than 40%. Seropositivity is more frequent in female baboons than in males and increases with age. Of 27 STLV-1 antibody-positive baboons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 20 were females and 7 were males, ranging in age from 3 to 21 years (mean, 13 years). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was not found in STLV-1 antibody-negative baboons. Clinical signs and laboratory findings were variable but generally included lethargy, low body weights, anemia, dyspnea, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonia, nodular skin lesions, and leukemia with or without multilobulated lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Radiography revealed pulmonary infiltrates consistent with pneumonia in 17 of the baboons. Serum chemical values were normal except for hypercalcemia in one baboon. Lymphocytosis was found in 18 of the baboons, with leukemia diagnosed in 11. At necropsy, variable enlargement of lymph nodes and other lymphopoietic tissue was usually found. Pale tan to white space-occupying foci typical of proliferative lymphoid tissue were often found in various organs, including lungs, spleens, livers, skin, and hearts. The lungs in 14 baboons had thickened pleuras, congestion,edema, and large tan to brown areas of consolidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Spontaneously generated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in twenty-seven simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 antibody-positive baboons (Papio species). 790 50

A 73-year-old man presented with dyspnea and atrial flutter associated with an amyloid tumor in the heart. IgM-kappa gammopathy, hypercalcemia, and extensive cardiac and mediastinal invasion suggested a malignant lymphoid or plasma cell process. Although amyloidoma is generally considered to be a benign tumor, the aggressive features of this case mandated chemotherapy because the critical location rendered the tumor inoperable. This case provides noteworthy evidence in support of a possible pathogenic relationship between amyloidoma and plasmacytoma by virtue of dual representative features: localized amyloid infiltrated with plasma cells and the associated gammopathy. Local and systemic malignant features lend additional support to this hypothesis.
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PMID:Cardiac amyloidoma with IgM-kappa gammopathy. 797 3

In common with any medical problem, careful assessment and an analytical approach are the keystones to effective symptom control in advanced cancer. When dealing with such symptoms the multi-faceted pathophysiology must be considered, and due attention paid to the affective component of pain and other symptoms. Adequate care given to history taking and a knowledge of the likely pathogenesis of symptoms in advanced cancer can prevent unnecessary investigations and fruitless trials of inappropriate symptomatic remedies. The treatment chosen should be the simplest effective regimen tailored to the individual patient. The importance of explanation to the patient cannot be overstated and is an integral part of any treatment and the sole component of many. This paper reviews the management of common symptoms in advanced cancer (dyspnoea, nausea and vomiting, constipation, anorexia-cachexia syndrome, hypercalcaemia, confusion, insomnia and depression.
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PMID:Control of common symptoms in advanced cancer. 808 Feb 22

We report the results of a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with sarcoidosis admitted for the first time to the Clinical Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases "Jordanovac" from 1982 to 1983. Eighty-two women and 38 men (2,2:1) participated in the study. The most common symptoms at the time of hospitalization were cough (35%), erythema nodosum (32.5%), fever (28.3%) and dyspnea (20.9%). The peripheral lymph nodes were enlarged in 10% of the cases, liver in 10.8%, and spleen in 1.7%. Elevated sedimentation rate was found in 40.8% of the patients, hypercalcemia in 3.6%, and hypercalciuria in 23.4%. Peripheral lymphogenia was present in 59.2% of the patients, and hypergammaglobulinemia in 65.5%. Other biochemical parameters were followed, as well. According to the radiological classification, 65 (54.2%) were classified as belonging to Stage I, 51 (42.5%) as belonging to Stage II, and one as belonging to Stage III at the time of diagnosis. 50.8% of the patients presented with an acute onset of the disease, 37.2% had chronic disease, while 12 (10%) patients were detected accidentally. The diagnosis was based on typical clinical and radiologic features along with histological and/or cytological evidence of granuloma usually provided from the tissue biopsy specimens obtained during bronchoscopy (93.3%). Extrathoracic sarcoidosis most usually involved the liver, skin, joints and peripheral lymph nodes. Fifty-eight of the 120 (48.3%) patients were yielded to spontaneous healing. Twenty-seven patients were followed up from 2 to 6 years, and two (7.4%) patients later showed a chronic form of the disease. Corticosteroid therapy was administered to 62 (51.7%) patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Characteristics and outcome of pulmonary sarcoidosis]. 817 Feb 75

We report a case of primary lung cancer in a 16-year-old boy. A histologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made by bronchoscopic biopsy before surgery. The serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) level was markedly elevated at 193 ng/dl. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation revealed no evidence of scrotal mass. We performed right pneumonectomy with combined resection of the invaded portion of the left atrium under extracorporeal circulation. Despite the rapid improvement in the patient's general condition after surgery, the AFP level continued to increase without a transient decrease and reached 3160 ng/ml on the 23rd postoperative day. When the patient was readmitted because of dyspnea and headache on the 36th postoperative day, hypercalcemia of 13.9 mg/dl was noted, and this was resistant to subsequent treatment. The patient died on the 46th postoperative day.
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PMID:AFP-producing squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in an adolescent. 860 92

Chronic beryllium disease is predominantly a pulmonary granulomatosis that was originally described in 1946. Symptoms usually include dyspnea and cough. Fever, anorexia, and weight loss are common. Skin lesions are the most common extrathoracic manifestation. Granulomatous hepatitis, hypercalcemia, and kidney stones can also occur. Radiographic and physiologic abnormalities are similar to those in sarcoidosis. While traditionally the pathologic changes included granulomas and cellular interstitial changes, the hallmark of the disease today is the well-formed granuloma. Immunologic studies have demonstrated a cell-mediated response to beryllium that is due to an accumulation of CD4+ T cells at the site of disease activity. Diagnosis depends on the demonstration of pathologic changes (i.e., granuloma) and evidence that the granuloma was caused by a hypersensitivity to beryllium (i.e., positive lung proliferative response to beryllium). Using these criteria, the diagnosis of chronic beryllium disease can now be made before the onset of clinical symptoms. Whether, with early diagnosis, the natural course of this condition will be the same as when it was traditionally diagnosed is not known. Currently, corticosteroids are used to treat patients with significant symptoms or evidence of progressive disease.
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PMID:Chronic beryllium disease: diagnosis and management. 893 39

The retinoid response is mediated by families of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs), and the retinoid X receptors. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) binds only RARs and induces its own metabolism. In contrast, 9-cis RA is a newly identified agonist for both RARs and retinoid X receptors. We undertook a dose-ranging study to examine the safety, clinical tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of 9-cis RA in patients with advanced cancer. Thirty-four patients received once daily p.o. doses of 9-cis RA (administered as LGD1057) ranging from 5 to 230 mg/m2 for 4 weeks. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 28 patients at seven dose levels. 9-cis RA was generally well tolerated. Headache was the most common dose-limiting adverse effect. Other prominent reactions included facial flushing, myalgia, dyspnea, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercalcemia. Relative to other retinoids, mucocutaneous reactions were mild. No major antitumor responses were observed. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the day 1 area under the plasma concentration x time curves (AUCs) were proportional to the dose. Up through doses of 140 mg/m2, the day 1 AUCs were similar to those on days 15 and 29. At higher doses, however, AUCs tended to decline with repeat dosing. 9-cis RA is a novel compound that exploits a newly identified pathway of retinoid receptor biology that may be relevant to tumor cell proliferation and differentiation. We recommend a dose of 140 mg/m2 for single-agent trials utilizing a once-daily schedule of administration.
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PMID:Initial clinical trial of the retinoid receptor pan agonist 9-cis retinoic acid. 981 92

A 72-year-old woman presented to hospital with rapidly progressive dyspnea and chest pain on exertion. Physical findings included a grade 3/6 systolic murmur increased by the Valsalva manoeuvre. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and critical dynamic outflow tract obstruction. The myocardium was strikingly heterogeneous with hyperdynamic left ventricular systolic function. Laboratory findings included severe hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient's outcome was unfavourable with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, pancreatitis, shock, severe acidosis and death. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, a narrowed left ventricular outflow tract and localized endocardial fibrosis of the left interventricular septum. Microscopic findings showed diffuse calcium deposits of the myocardium, coronary arteries, kidneys and lungs. This appears to be the first report of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings in hypercalcemic cardiomyopathy mimicking obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:Hypercalcemic cardiomyopathy associated with primary hyperparathyroidism mimicking primary obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 985 22

Symptoms can markedly influence the hemodialysis patients well-being and quality of life. The aim of this paper is to study the frequency of symptoms at home and how these relate to biochemical and treatment variables. Seventy-three hemodialysis patients were questioned on the absence, occasional presence or daily recurrence (score = 0, 1, 2) of 14 symptoms and a record was made of their biochemical parameters, age, time on treatment and KtIV as a function of each symptom. The following relationships were detected: thirst with high Osm and BUN; asthenia with old age and hypoalbuminemia; insomnia with hypercalcemia; hypersomnia with hypoxemia and hypernatremia; anorexia with hypokalemia; dyspnea with old age, hypernatremia and hypokalemia; dysgeusia with hypoxemia; nausea with alkalemia, hypoxemia and low BUN; vomiting with alkalemia. Pruritus, arthralgia, restless legs syndrome, cramp and tremor showed no relationships. Monitoring acid-base balance and plasma electrolytes could help to alleviate symptoms and ameliorate quality of life of hemodialysis patients.
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PMID:Symptoms in hemodialysis patients and their relationship with biochemical and demographic parameters. 998 55


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