Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anorexia, constipation, vomiting and somnolence in a 39-year-old woman were at first misinterpreted as being of psychological and autonomic nervous system origin. Further clinical and biochemical tests revealed hyperthyroidism associated with hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria. Thyrostatic treatment for 12 days caused regression of the hypercalcaemia and, after subtotal resection, serum calcium levels and urinary calcium excretion returned to normal for good. The hypercalcaemia syndrome must therefore be assumed to have been the direct result of the hyperthyroidism.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperthyroidism with hypercalcaemia (author's transl)]. 5 61

The case history of a 65 year old female patient has been reported here by the authors. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Therapy Unit owing to her repeated heart pain. Later she was transferred to the Department of Medicine to establish the exact diagnosis. Prepyloric ulcer and hypertension were occurred in her history. The symptoms of her preceding as well as her recent illness were: pain in epigastric field, nausea, adynamia, weakness, polyuria, significant loss of weight, somnolence and the shortened Q--T time in electrocardiogram related to hypercalcemia syndrome. The calcium value in blood proved to be at critically high level from time to time. The possibility of the secondary hypercalcemic state was excluded by sonographic examination and the elevated level of parathormone in blood established the diagnosis of the hyperparathyroidism. The surgical resection of parathyroidic adenoma yielded a complete recovery of the patient. The authors call the attention to the significance of the clinical signs in the diagnosis of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperparathyroidism simulating severe hypercalcemia syndrome]. 186 40

Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism was diagnosed in a family of Giant Schnauzers. Three female and two male puppies from different litters were evaluated for dwarfism, lethargy, somnolence, gait abnormalities, and constipation. On physical examination, disproportionate dwarfism (n = 5), macroglossia (n = 3), hypothermia (n = 3), delayed dental eruption (n = 3), ataxia (n = 2), and abdominal distension (n = 1) were identified. Results of initial laboratory tests showed anemia (n = 4), hypercholesterolemia (n = 4), hypercalcemia (n = 2), and transudative abdominal effusion (n = 1). Radiographic skeletal surveys disclosed epiphyseal dysgenesis and delayed skeletal maturation (n = 5). A diagnosis of hypothyroidism was established on the basis of low basal serum thyroxine concentrations that failed to increase following the administration of TSH (n = 5) and markedly reduced to absent thyroid image when evaluated with gamma camera imaging of the thyroid gland (n = 4). In the two dogs that were most thoroughly evaluated, the results of thyroid histology, prolonged TSH testing, and repeat thyroid imaging, after three daily injections of TSH, were all consistent with secondary or tertiary, rather than primary, hypothyroidism. When TSH was administered over a period of 3 consecutive days (5 IU/day, subcutaneously), serum thyroid hormone response became normal and resulted in a normal thyroid image in the two dogs re-evaluated with gamma camera imaging. Daily treatment with oral levothyroxine (20 micrograms/kg) resulted in complete remission in puppies (n = 4) treated prior to 4 months of age. The other puppy failed to attain normal breed standards for height.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism in a family of giant schnauzers. 174 85

In a piggery (approx. 60 sows) nearly all the weaned piglets (about 150) showed signs of poor development, reduced feed intake, increased water consumption, markedly dry and hard faeces, urine drinking, navel suckling and drowsiness over 6-8 weeks. In blood samples of 4 affected piglets a significant hypercalcaemia (values greater than 20 mg/dl)--combined with an at times marked hypophosphataemia--was measured. In the diet offered, a Ca content of 56.2 g/kg was estimated. An intoxication due to ochratoxin or due to excessive levels of quinoxaline or vitamin D was excluded by toxicological investigations of the diet. Contamination by Datura stramonium was also ruled out.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical effects of an extreme Ca overdose in feed for growing piglets]. 237 89

Malignant tumors are often complicated by hypercalcemia (malignancy associated hypercalcemia: MAHC) which causes various clinical symptoms. Hypercalcemia may occasionally lead to death. Unfortunately, many physicians caring for patients with malignant diseases are not aware of this danger. Hypercalcemia is seen in about 15% of patients with solid tumors. This condition is more frequent in some malignant proliferative hematological diseases. In patients with multiple myeloma, the incidence of hypercalcemia is about 20%. The rate of complication by hypercalcemia is as high as 80% in patients with adult T cell leukemia. The symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, easy fatigability, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms are often mistaken for adverse effects of anticancer drugs or as signs of aggravation of malignant disease. If abnormal thirst and polydipsia are noted in patients with malignant disease, a diagnosis of MAHC should always be considered because these two symptoms are highly characteristic of hypercalcemia. Caution should be exercised when CNS symptoms such as unstable emotions or somnolence are noted. These symptoms in patients with MAHC may lead to death, if untreated. The corrected serum calcium level should always be monitored in patients with malignant disease, so that a possible diagnosis of MAHC may not be overlooked when these symptoms appear. MAHC is caused by the bone resorption stimulating factor (BRSF), which is produced and secreted by the tumor cells. BRSF may act systemically to cause increased bone resorption, resulting in hypercalcemia. MAHC occurring in this manner is called the 'humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM)'. BRSF produced by multiple myeloma or bone metastasis enhances bone resorption through local osteolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Hypercalcemia in malignancy]. 796 19

Acute hypercalcemic crisis is the life-threatening exacerbation of an existing hypercalcemia syndrome, which is characterized by additional cerebral symptoms such as clouding of consciousness, somnolence and coma as well as rapid deterioration of renal function. Possible causes are diseases associated with severe hypercalcemia, such as malignant diseases, primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D poisoning and treatment with calcium, vitamin D and calcium-containing ion exchangers in renal insufficiency. Nowadays the specific diagnosis can usually be established quickly and simply, since only in primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism are calcium and the intact parathormone elevated. The aim of treatment is to bring about an effective reduction in serum calcium by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing calcium excretion in the urine. Today, the substances calcitonin, biphosphonate, mithramycin (plicamycin) and glucocorticoids, each with a different mode of action, are available. In patients with underlying malignant diseases these substances are used to supplement the treatment of the malignancy, while in hyperparathyroidism they are administered prior to operative parathyroidectomy.
 ...
PMID:[Hypercalcemic crisis. Exacerbation of an existing hypercalcemia syndrome]. 865 16

We describe the successful treatment with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, of a patient with malignant hypercalcemia associated with advanced breast cancer. A 70-year-old female with advanced breast cancer was admitted to our department for treatment of hypercalcemia. The administration of pamidronate disodium was effective to decrease serum calcium from 6.2 mEq/l to 4.0 mEq/l for the first time, but her hypercalcemia later responded less to pamidronate, and her serum calcium remained raised in spite of the administration of pamidronate and elcatonin. Then, her condition deteriorated with hypercalcemic symptoms, such as nausea vomiting and drowsiness. After octreotide treatment (100 microg/body/day, s.c.) with a combination of prednisolone, her serum calcium level improved from 6.7 mEq/l to 5.0-5.5 mEq/l, Leading to a dramatic improvement in her symptoms. During these treatments, anti-cancer therapy, hydration and the administration of diuretics have been continued. We think octreotide is very useful for the treatment of malignant hypercalcemia associated with advanced breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Somatostatin analogue treatment for malignant hypercalcemia associated with advanced breast cancer]. 871 28

Although hypercalcemia may cause drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, confusion and coma it rarely causes seizures or cerebral infarction. The patient presented had a clinical evolution from hallucinosis to a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and subsequent cortical blindness with occipital cerebral ischemia as evidenced by SPECT and MRI scans. EEG revealed occipital PLEDs. With reversal of hypercalcemia, there was a return of vision, resolution of EEG epileptiform activity, although with some residual occipital infarction. This case, in concert with a literature review of hypercalcemia, reveals examples of occipital and watershed ischemia, blindness, seizures and hypertension, a pattern markedly similar to that of eclampsia. Furthermore, medications such as magnesium sulfate, believed to reverse cerebrovasospasm responsible for the eclamptic neurologic findings, may counter the effects of hypercalcemia at a cellular level, lending support to a calcium-mediated injury in eclampsia.
 ...
PMID:Reversible hypercalcemic cerebral vasoconstriction with seizures and blindness: a paradigm for eclampsia? 966 11

We present a 78-year-old patient who suffered from symptomatic transitory psychotic syndrome after laparotomy. Persisting somnolence appeared with cardiopulmonary decompensation and gastrointestinal atony. Due to prolonged hypercalcemia primary hyperparathyreoidism was diagnosed. Resection of a large carcinoma of the parathyroids led to continuous clinical improvement.
 ...
PMID:[Parathyroid gland carcinoma with postoperative encephalopathy]. 1119 69

Hypercalcemia may decompensate from a more or less chronic status into a critical and life-threatening condition, hypercalcemic crisis. In the majority of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is the cause; humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy or rarer conditions of hypercalcemia will decompensate less often. The leading symptoms that characterize the crisis are oliguria and anuria as well as somnolence and coma. After a hypercalcemic crisis is recognized, an emergency diagnostic program has to be followed either to prove or to exclude primary hyperparathyroidism. In the first case, surgical neck exploration is the only way to avoid fatal outcome. The diagnostic program should be performed within hours; during this time, serum calcium should be lowered. Treatment of choice is hemodialysis against a calcium-free dialysate. Bisphosphonates could be useful as adjuvant drugs.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemic crisis. 1125 Oct 25


1 2 3 Next >>