Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The radio- and chemoprotective agent, S-2 (3-aminopropylamino) ethyl-phosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) has been reported to lower hypercalcaemia in patients with cancer, probably by increased renal calcium excretion and decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and bone calcium resorption. The present study reports the first clinical use of WR-2721 in an anuric haemodialysis patient with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. The drug was administered intravenously at different doses, i.e. 150, 300, and 500 mg/m2. The infusion was followed by a striking decrease of plasma immunoreactive (i) PTH within 30 min. The nadir of the iPTH decrease was reached at 60 min and was followed by a steady return to previous values. Serum ionised calcium decreased more progressively from 1.55 mmol/l initially to 1.30 mmol/l at 4 h after the 300-mg dose, remained at that level at 24 h, but rose again to pre-infusion values after 48 h. The extent and duration of the decrease in plasma iPTH and ionised calcium were dose-dependent. The circulating iPTH at 24 h was inversely related to the corresponding plasma ionised calcium concentration and had risen above preinfusion values at that time. Plasma concentrations of three other hormones, i.e. renin, insulin, and prolactin, were not affected by the administration of WR-2721. In conclusion, WR-2721 can induce a decrease in serum ionised calcium in the absence of any excretory kidney function. The rapid effect of the drug on circulating iPTH supports the notion of an interference with PTH secretion or catabolism.
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PMID:Hypocalcaemic effect of WR-2721, S-2 (3-aminopropylamino) ethyl-phosphorothioic acid in an anuric haemodialysis patient. 303 48

Cysteamine depletes pituitary and plasma prolactin in rats. It acts through a nondopaminergic mechanism to alter both immunoactive and bioactive prolactin. The effect of cysteamine on prolactin secretion is reported in normal men. Six normal subjects received a control thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test at 0900 using 200 micrograms TRH intravenously; serum prolactin and TSH were measured at -10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 min after administration of TRH. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormones levels were measured at -10 min. Seven or more days later, they received cysteamine hydrochloride 15 mg/kg body weight orally every 6 hours for 5 doses. One hour after the last dose, the TRH test was repeated. Peak serum prolactin levels following TRH, prolactin levels at the 10-min time point, and total area from 0 to 30 min under the prolactin secretory curve were significantly decreased by cysteamine administration. TSH levels were unchanged. Serum calcium levels were significantly decreased by cysteamine administration, but parathyroid hormone levels were unchanged. It was concluded that cysteamine reduced TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion. Cysteamine also decreases serum calcium levels and suppresses the anticipated rise in serum parathyroid hormone levels. These effects on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone are similar to those previously shown for WR2721, another sulfhydryl compound. Cysteamine should be further considered as an alternative drug in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and as a therapeutic agent for hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Cysteamine decreases prolactin responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal men. 307 53

A personal series of 256 cases of acromegaly/gigantism seen over a 20-year period from 1963 is described. The insidious nature of the condition resulted in delay in diagnosis which was often made by a doctor when seeing the patient for an unrelated problem. Other features which commonly led to the diagnosis being made were headache, change in appearance, carpal tunnel syndrome, amenorrhoea and diabetes. The Hardy system for grading the radiological appearance of the pituitary tumour was used. Widely invasive tumours were not common but tended to occur in patients with younger age of onset and high GH levels. The occurrence of various symptoms and clinical features was noted and the changes resulting from reducing the GH level to normal. The incidence of hypertension, but not of coronary artery disease, is increased and the blood pressure may be reduced following successful treatment. The effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract are reported as well as sleep apnoea and problems associated with anaesthesia. Skin manifestations included sweating, pigmented skin tags, acanthosis nigricans and cutis verticis gyrata. In the skeletal system the incidence of kyphoscoliosis and osteoarthritis especially of the hip is reported: the question of hip replacement is discussed. Diabetes mellitus disappeared in most cases if the acromegaly was cured. In men but not in women the incidence of colloid nodular goitre was increased as was hyperthyroidism in middle-aged women. In two patients a parathyroid adenoma was present: hypercalcaemia was present in five additional patients, but the cause was not determined. The common occurrence of amenorrhoea in the younger women was noted, it was not always associated with hyperprolactinaemia, and often responded to successful treatment of the acromegaly. The association of acromegaly with hirsutism and galactorrhoea is confirmed. The incidence of impotence and loss of libid in the men is discussed: in a proportion of those in whom the acromegaly was cured, potency returned, but in a number depression occurred and what was believed to be psychogenic impotence persisted. Hyperprolactinaemia was found in 49 out of 151 patients with active acromegaly in whom the prolactin level was measured. Previous reports have indicated a doubling of death rates in acromegalics. In this series there were 47 deaths observed compared to 37.2 expected. The increased death rate was in women of all ages and in men under the age of 55, The increased deaths in the women were from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular causes and from breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acromegaly. 330 90

The aim of the present study was to determine the diurnal secretion of melatonin, cortisol, prolactin, and calcitonin during chronic parathyroid hormone-dependent hypercalcemia. Eight women, aged 40-76 years, with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were studied before and after surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma. The hormone concentrations in blood were determined at 08, 12, 16, 22, 02, 04, and 06 h. Concomitantly, the excretion of melatonin and cortisol in urine between 07-19 h and 19-07 h, and the clearance of calcium and creatinine were measured. Nyctohemeral serum prolactin and calcitonin were unaffected by moderate parathyroid hormone-dependent hypercalcemia. In contrast, serum cortisol and melatonin were significantly higher during active disease than after surgical cure. Mean 24-h variation of serum cortisol was 349 +/- 34 nmol/liter vs. 223 +/- 17 nmol/liter and mean serum melatonin was 0.13 +/- 0.04 nmol/liter vs. 0.06 +/- 0.02 nmol/liter. Endogenous creatinine clearance was similar before and after surgery, while the clearance of melatonin and cortisol significantly increased after surgery, indicating an increased tubular reabsorption of both hormones during active disease. Fasting morning glucose concentrations were also significantly decreased after successful surgery, 6.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/liter. It is suggested that the relative hypercortisolism may be the cause of the glucose intolerance in primary hyperparathyroidism. Three to 4 months after surgical cure the serum melatonin levels were significantly lower than those seen in age-matched controls, indicating a melatonin insufficiency in patients successfully treated for PHPT. The meaning of this finding is not yet understood but might be of importance in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Melatonin, cortisol, prolactin, and calcitonin secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism before and after surgery. 362 59

Sodium-retaining activity of chum salmon prolactin (PRL) was examined in several euryhaline teleosts. Chum PRL was 100 times more potent than ovine PRL in maintaining plasma sodium levels in the hypophysectomized killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, transferred from 50% seawater to fresh water. The effects of PRLs were parabolic, high doses of the hormones being less effective than low doses. When injected into seawater-adapted fry of the ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, or into juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, adapted to 50% seawater, a dose-dependent increase in plasma sodium was observed. Chum PRL was 2-10 times more active than ovine PRL, and the effects in the ayu were also parabolic. An increase in plasma sodium also occurred when the PRLs were injected into the seawater-adapted eel, Anguilla japonica; the chum and ovine PRLs were equipotent, and hypercalcemia was also observed. In contrast, both chum and ovine PRLs were without effect on plasma sodium levels of chum salmon fry, either when injected into seawater-adapted fish kept in seawater or into fish subsequently transferred to fresh water. The absence of an effect of PRLs in chum salmon fry seems to be due, at least in part, to their good osmoregulatory ability during the period of seaward migration; effects of the exogenously administered PRLs may be compensated for by other hormones responsible for their hydromineral balance.
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PMID:Sodium-retaining activity of chum salmon prolactin in some euryhaline teleosts. 378 Dec 35

Ovine prolactin stimulated the net uptake rate of Ca2+ from the water by 96%, produced frank hypercalcemia, and increased total bone calcium content in fed rapidly growing freshwater male tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. It did not, however, alter the size of the readily exchangeable bone calcium pool. The increase in calcium accumulation resulted from an increase in whole-body Ca2+ influx and a decrease in Ca2+ efflux. It is concluded that prolactin exerts an important control over Ca2+ exchange between the fish and its environment and that through its hypercalcemic action prolactin indirectly facilitates bone mineralization.
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PMID:Effects of ovine prolactin on calcium uptake and distribution in Oreochromis mossambicus. 394 34

Total serum calcium (Ca), ionic calcium (Ca++), phosphorus, magnesium, total protein, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin (iCT) and prolactin (iPRL) were measured in 30 paired samples of cord and maternal blood obtained at term delivery. In the cord blood, the concentrations of Ca, Ca++, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, iCT and iPRL were all higher, and the concentrations of total protein and iPTH lower than in the maternal blood. The calcium binding capacity of albumin assessed with the equation (Ca-Ca++)/albumin, was similar at a given concentration of Ca in both the maternal and fetal circulations. There was a significant positive correlation between cord Ca++ and maternal Ca or Ca++, and a significant negative correlation between Ca++ and iPRL in cord blood. These data suggest that there is an active system transporting calcium from mother to fetus through the placenta, and PRL is the only one of the three hormones which was correlated with ionic calcium values in the fetus. The negative relationship between Ca++ and iPRL in the cord blood suggests an inhibitory effect of the relative hypercalcemia on PRL secretion in the fetus.
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PMID:The negative correlation between prolactin and ionic calcium in cord blood of full term infants. 401 78

This 55-year-old woman presented with primary adrenal insufficiency that led to multiple endocrine gland dysfunctions. Despite symptoms suggestive of hypothyroidism, she had mildly elevated serum thyroid hormone levels associated with elevated thyrotropin levels, hyperprolactinemia, and mild hypercalcemia. These abnormalities corrected with corticosteroid replacement but could be reproduced, in part, when the corticosteroids were temporarily withdrawn. The findings in this patient suggest that physiologic concentrations of glucocorticoids modulate prolactin secretion and the pituitary-thyroid axis. Adrenal insufficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia and hyperthyrotropinemia with or without associated hyperthyroxinemia.
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PMID:Reversible hyperthyrotropinemia, hyperthyroxinemia, and hyperprolactinemia due to adrenal insufficiency. 402 80

Infusions of ovine prolactin for 10 days induced hypercalcemia in unfed American eels, Anguilla rostrata LeSueur, that tentatively was related to stimulation of branchial Ca2+-uptake mechanisms. Analysis of ATPase activities in the plasma membranes of the branchial epithelium in prolactin treated eels showed a specific stimulation of high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase. The results of this study form further evidence that the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity represents the Ca2+-pump of the branchial epithelium.
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PMID:Ca2+-dependent phosphatase and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activities in plasma membranes of eel gill epithelium--III. Stimulation of branchial high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity during prolactin-induced hypercalcemia in American eels. 609

The responsiveness of anterior pituitary lactotrophs and thyrotrophs to cimetidine (Cim) was investigated in healthy volunteers. Four-hundred mg Cim, injected iv, raised the serum prolactin level (Prl) from 14 +/- 2 to 58 +/- 9 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), but left the serum thyrotrophin level (TSH) unaffected. Acute hypercalcaemia, induced by iv infusion of calcium, blunted this Cim-elicited Prl response by 35 +/- 4% (P less than 0.01). Iv injection of 25 micrograms thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) had similar Prl-releasing potency as 400 mg Cim, and raised the Prl level from 14 +/- 1 to 51 +/- 6 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). In contrast to Cim, TRH also increased the TSH level significantly. Although oral pre-treatment with Cim for 3 days (1000 mg/day) failed to affect the Prl response to TRH in this study, iv injection of the drug more than doubled the above mentioned Prl response to TRH. The TSH response to TRH remained unaffected both by oral and by iv administration of Cim. These results imply that acute changes in serum calcium affect the release pattern of Prl, and that iv administration of Cim may add Prl-releasing power to TRH in healthy individuals.
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PMID:Prolactin release in man: influence of cimetidine, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and acute hypercalcaemia. 640 69


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