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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment with bromocriptine, 30-55 mg daily, in 13 acromegalics for 1-15 months, resulted in a 60% decrease in growth hormone secretion, as judged from the excretion of growth hormone in 24-h urine. Normal excretion was obtained in 10 patients, while 1 patient showed no response. The plasma growth hormone response to O-GTT was improved, but not normalized, in 4 of 7 patients treated for more than 6 months, and marked glucosuria disappeared in two diabetics. While the secretion of TSH, LH and FSH was unchanged, the prolactin secretion was inhibited. The urine excretion of free cortisol showed a 30% decrease, possibly due to a direct effect of bromocriptine on the ACTH-secretion. Hypercalcaemia was never seen, but the initial hypercalcuria showed a modest decrease without measurable changes in the creatinine clearance. The subjective relief during long-term treatment was marked in 10 of 11 patients and the dominating symptoms disappeared in 40-67%, whereas heal-pad thickness, enlarged sellae, and visual fields remained unchanged. No serious side effects were observed. Treatment with bromocriptine seems effective and should be considered as a remedy amongst others, in suitable cases of acromegaly.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of acromegaly with bromocriptine. 41 39

In intact eels in sea water (SW), ovine prolactin (PRL) treatment induces hypercalcemia, but its mechanism of action, which is discussed, remains to be defined. Corpuscles of Stannius (CSt) are modified simultaneously: two cell categories then become evident. The first cell type (type 1) predominates; it has an oval shape and large granules, it shows a nuclear and nucleolar hypertrophy and a mitotic activity, and appears greatly stimulated by PRL; it may elaborate a hypocalcemic factor (hypocalcin) which would compensate for the PRL-induced hypercalcemia. A similar effect, although slightly less intense, is detected in hypophysectomized-PRL treated eels in SW. A second cell type (type 2), is more elongated, smaller in size, and has an oval nucleus and fine granules. Scarcely less active in SW, it is significantly stimulated by PRL despite an increased blood sodium and potassium level. This experiment does not help to clarify its function.
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PMID:Prolactin, hypercalcemia and corpuscles of Stannius in seawater eels. 62 14

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that frequently involves the lymph nodes, lungs, eyes, and skin. The disease can involve any organ system, and noncaseating granulomas are characteristically present. Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the most biologically active form of vitamin D, occurs in granulomatous tissue and may give rise to increases in its concentration in the peripheral circulation and to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Infiltration of endocrine organs also occurs. Involvement of the hypothalamus and pituitary can cause primary polydipsia and disordered regulation of thirst; diabetes insipidus, impaired secretion of anterior pituitary hormones (with clinically apparent hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, or impaired growth), and increases in serum prolactin may also result. Galactorrhea, however, seldom occurs. Involvement of the thyroid and adrenal glands rarely leads to hypofunction. Involvement of the pancreas rarely occurs but does not produce diabetes mellitus. Involvement of the male reproductive system results in epididymitis and hypogonadism, and involvement of the uterus causes abnormalities in menstrual function.
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PMID:Endocrine complications of sarcoidosis. 193 22

Administration of pituitary extract brings important change in the cells of the corpuscles of stannius. Two variety of cells are found in the corpuscles of stannius of control group, one with dense cytoplasm while the other possess non-reactive cytoplasm. Under the influence of whole pituitary extract, there is an intense cell activity in corpuscles of stannius suggesting more synthesis of hypocalcemic factor. Other possible reasons like stimulation of interrenal, thereby activating corpuscles of stannius have also been discussed. The possible involvement of ACTH or cortisol and synergistic effect of prolactin in promotion of hypercalcemia have also been suggested.
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PMID:Effect of whole pituitary extract on the corpuscles of stannius in Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). 221 7

Calcium-phosphor metabolism was studied in patients with active acromegaly with or without osteoporosis, mean age 45.2 +/- 11.4 years and mean duration of the basic disease 5.52 +/- 3.6 years. No significant deviations and no direct relation with the high serum growth hormone and prolactin levels were found. The normal basic secretion of the calcitrophic hormones--parathyroid hormone and calcitonin and their normal response to the hypercalcemia after intravenous calcium load of the patients with and without osteoporosis reject their direct participation in the pathogenesis of osteopenia. The changed skeletal sensitivity to calcitrophic hormones closely connected with the patients' age and the duration of the basic disease in combination with many other factors probably plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteopenia.
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PMID:[Calcium-phosphorus metabolism and calcitrophic hormones in patients with active acromegaly with and without osteoporosis]. 223 25

Exposure of rainbow trout to a reduced ambient calcium level (from 490 to 25 mumol Ca2+/l) caused hypocalcaemia and induced a rapid increase (within 1 h) in systemic cortisol levels. Under conditions of low environmental calcium concentrations, cortisol levels remained increased for at least 8 days. After this time the in-vitro Ca2+-transport capacity of branchial basolateral membrane vesicles was increased due to stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity, presumably as a result of chloride cell proliferation. Pituitary prolactin cells were unaffected by low ambient calcium levels. Fish kept in water containing 490 mumol Ca2+/l and treated with cortisol for 7 days displayed an increase in whole body calcium uptake and an enhancement of the branchial calcium transport capacity; concomitantly, hypercalcaemia was observed. We conclude that, in the rainbow trout, cortisol exerts hypercalcaemic effects by stimulating Ca2+ uptake from the water and that this effect forms an intrinsic part of the established mineralocorticoid action of cortisol in fish.
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PMID:Cortisol stimulates whole body calcium uptake and the branchial calcium pump in freshwater rainbow trout. 252 90

In freshwater-acclimated American eels (Anguilla rostrata LeSueur), ovine prolactin and grafts of the part of the pituitary gland containing the prolactin cells induced hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia was associated with increased uptake of calcium from the water (resulting from increased influx and decreased efflux) and with enhanced high-affinity Ca2+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the gills, the putative biochemical correlate of the branchial Ca2+ pump. Kinetic analyses of ATPase-mediated Ca2+ transport in plasma membrane vesicles of branchial epithelium provided evidence that prolactin enhanced the maximum velocity of the Ca2+ pump. Prolactin treatments raised plasma cortisol levels slightly but significantly in eels. However, cortisol per se was not hypercalcemic in eels and did not stimulate the branchial Ca2+ pump. We conclude that the hypercalcemic potency of prolactin in fish relates to its stimulatory action on active Ca2+ transport in the gills.
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PMID:Calcitropic actions of prolactin in freshwater North American eel (Anguilla rostrata LeSueur). 252 94

The clinical features of 20 patients from five families with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type I (MEN-I) were studied. Nineteen patients (95%) had hyperparathyroidism. Five patients who had a diagnosis during surgery of adenoma and who had fewer than 3.5 glands removed had recurrence of hypercalcemia after surgery. Fourteen patients (70%) had pancreatic islet cell tumors. All had one or more elevated serum polypeptide hormones, and six had symptoms related to the hormones produced. Multiple pancreatic tumors were identified in the nine patients who underwent surgery. Three patients who died had a mean survival of 6.3 +/- 2.9 years. Eight patients had pituitary tumors; seven had macroadenomas. Of the eight patients with pituitary tumors, seven had high serum prolactin and responded to bromocriptine therapy, whereas the eighth patient had acromegaly treated with radiotherapy. It was concluded that hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism in MEN-I syndrome patients should be managed by a resection of four glands and transplantation of one half gland into the forearm because none of the patients has shown evidence of a recurrence, and serum calcium levels have been normal. Pancreatic tumors, which are usually multiple, may be asymptomatic. Patients with these tumors usually have long survival rates, even with distant metastasis. Total pancreatectomy may be the method of choice, especially in patients with gastrinoma caused by the diffuse nature of the disease. Long-term follow-up is needed, however, with more patients. Pituitary tumors are primarily prolactin-producing tumors, and medical treatment is the method of choice.
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PMID:Multiple endocrine syndrome type I. Clinical, laboratory findings, and management in five families. 256 65

During the 13-year period 1970-1983 only 7 cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I) were seen at Groote Schuur Hospital, suggesting that the associated gene is rare in this area. Only 1 of these patients was black. Endocrine associations were as follows: hyperparathyroidism--6 cases, pituitary hypersecretion--6 cases (3 each involving growth hormone and prolactin), and pancreatic hypersecretion--3 cases (2 of gastrinoma and 1 of insulinoma). The presenting features were predictably diverse and depended on the component which manifested first. There was little difficulty in reaching a diagnosis on routine investigation. All patients with hyperparathyroidism underwent a 3 1/2-gland parathyroidectomy as the first treatment procedure, normocalcaemia being achieved in 5 cases, but persistent hypercalcaemia in the 6th suggested a supernumerary gland. A pituitary adenoma was removed in 4 cases, but persistent prolactinaemia necessitated bromocriptine therapy in 3. Successful distal pancreatectomy was undertaken in a patient with insulinoma and a patient with gastrinoma, and a further patient with gastrinoma awaits surgery. The overall prognosis in cases of MEN I appears to depend on the most aggressive component, often the pancreatic lesion; our patients have run a surprisingly benign course with only 1 late death, from hypertensive heart disease.
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PMID:Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. 286 78

A family of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I with five confirmed cases in three generations is described. All of them have primary hyperparathyroidism in common. The propositus is 51 year-old male. After a year of symptoms of gastroduodenal ulcer, he was found to have elevated levels of serum gastrin and PTH. The serial imaging studies revealed a tumor in pancreatic head, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was diagnosed. The gastrin level was reduced into normal range after extirpation of the tumor, but post surgical elevation of Calcium put the patient under parathyroidectomy, which normalized serum PTH and Calcium levels. His two sisters (I and II), the mother of them, and the daughter of sister I, had neither signs nor symptoms until family study showed hypercalcemia in all. Sister I is a 54 year-old female with enlarged parathyroid. The hyperparathyroidism is of chemical type, but no other endocrinological abnormality is found. The Calcium level decreased after parathyroidectomy. Sister II is a 56 year-old female. The only sign was galactorrhea. Serum PTH and Calcium decreased after parathyroidectomy. The prolactinoma was diagnosed by the increased prolactin levels and enhanced mass lesion in sella turcica. Her serum prolactin levels is now within normal range since she is on bromocryptine. The mother of the above three siblings and the daughter of the sister I are now under further study.
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PMID:[A family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I presenting prolactinoma, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and hyperparathyroidism]. 286 39


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