Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study of one case of parathyroid cancer and a literary review permitted to state the following characteristics: it is a rare but not exceptional tumor. The endocrine syndrome represented by a hypercalcemia is frequently severe present. The tumor syndrome is often associated with locoregional invasion or metastasis. Clinical signs of malignity are as important as the anatomopathologic data. The surgical treatment is essential after a mecal hypocalcemic preparation. Thus, the prognosis may be good if the carcinologic rules are respected.
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PMID:[Parathyroid cancer]. 269 7

Hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands is a central feature of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. We used cultured bovine parathyroid cells to test for mitogenic activity in plasma from patients with this disorder. Normal plasma stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, on the average, to the same extent as it was stimulated in a plasma-free control culture. This contrasted with the results of the tests with plasma from patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, in which parathyroid mitogenic activity increased 2400 percent over the control value (P less than 0.001). Plasma from these patients also stimulated the proliferation of bovine parathyroid cells in culture, whereas plasma from normal subjects inhibited it. Parathyroid mitogenic activity in plasma from the patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was greater than that in plasma from patients with various other disorders, including sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (with adenoma, hyperplasia, or cancer of the parathyroid), sporadic primary hypergastrinemia, sporadic pituitary tumor, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (P less than 0.05). Parathyroid mitogenic activity in the plasma of patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 persisted for up to four years after total parathyroidectomy. The plasma also had far more mitogenic activity in cultures of parathyroid cells than did optimal concentrations of known growth factors or of any parathyroid secretagogue. This mitogenic activity had an apparent molecular weight of 50,000 to 55,000. We conclude that primary hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 may have a humoral cause.
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PMID:Parathyroid mitogenic activity in plasma from patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. 287 88

The chemoprotective and hypocalcemic agent WR-2721, S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethyl-phosphorothioic acid, inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro. We report the first clinical use of WR-2721 in refractory hypercalcemia secondary to parathyroid cancer. After several days of saline diuresis the patient received WR-2721, 740 mg/m2 over 15 minutes, resulting in a fall in serum calcium from 11.76 to 9.06 mg/dL within 24 hours. Serum parathyroid hormone levels decreased from 675 to 140 microLeq/mL 2 hours after the infusion was complete. When hypercalcemia recurred the patient was retreated with differing doses and infusion rates to determine the optimal method of drug administration to provide a satisfactory hypocalcemic response without adverse effects. In this patient, WR-2721 in intravenous boluses of 150 mg/m2 was effective without adverse effects. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, plasma pharmacokinetic studies showed that WR-2721's distribution half-life is 0.55 minutes.
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PMID:Treatment of hypercalcemia in parathyroid cancer with WR-2721, S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethyl-phosphorothioic acid. 298 91

Parathyroid carcinoma is a slow growing tumor, and the patients most often die from complications to the hypercalcemia. Therefore, any attempt should be made to remove local recurrence and metastasis surgically, as medical treatment is disappointing. A case treated with extensive vascular surgery to the neck is reported.
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PMID:Parathyroid carcinoma: a case with recurrence treated with extensive vascular surgery to the neck. 301 17

A case of fatal hepato-renal failure occurring during mithramycin treatment is reported. A 64 year-old female patient was admitted to hospital in a state of acute renal failure. She also presented with hypercalcaemia and bilateral pulmonary metastases. She had been operated on 10 years previously of a parathyroid cancer. Despite treatment with mithramycin (total dose 8.25 mg) and haemodialysis, the hypercalcaemia returned; it was then decided to remove the secretory lung metastases (parathormone 420 micrograms X ml-1). 48 hours before surgery, the patient was again given 1.25 mg mithramycin. Immediately after surgery, she developed hepatic failure with massive cell destruction and anuria. The patient died 48 h after the operation. The hepatic and renal complications of mithramycin are discussed.
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PMID:[Acute fatal hepatorenal failure during treatment with mithramycin]. 316 Feb 68

Since the adrenal or parathyroid cancer is a clinically rare entity. We often have difficulty in its diagnosis and treatment. The adrenocortical cancer is usually classified into two categories--endocrinologically functioning or non-functioning. The incidence is not different between them. It is often found in an advanced stage as it does not show clinical manifestation before it has grown up to a large tumor. Only an effective agent for the adrenal cancer is op'-DDD so far. Recently, cisplatin, VP-16 (etoposide) and others are administered as trial use. Most of malignant pheochromocytomas are endocrinologically active and they often cause hypertension leading to death. Therefore it is important to control hypertension in malignant pheochromocytoma. Chemotherapy and irradiation are not effective for it. Recently, 131I-MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) is found to be useful not only for diagnosis but also treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma. 131I-MIBG is accumulated specifically in the chromaffin cells and with helpful to find out metastatic foci. It is also used in a large amount as a specific irradiation therapy for this malignancy. Parathyroid cancer is found in approximately 3 percent of primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinically it usually reveal serum calcium level higher than 14 mg/dl, bone lesions and renal dysfunction in addition to palpable cervical tumors adhering with skin. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate malignancy from adenoma in histology. Most cases develop local recurrences and distant metastases in due course and dies of hypercalcemia. It is very important to control hypercalcemia in inoperable cases. As both chemotherapy and radiation therapy render no effect on this malignancy. Surgery is a sole strategy for it.
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PMID:[Current therapy of endocrine organ tumors (adrenal and parathyroid glands)]. 334 84

An experience with 316 patients operated upon with a presumptive diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is presented. Of the 316 patients, 291 (92.1 per cent) were cured after the initial cervical exploration without using any technique for preoperative localization of parathyroid tissue. Persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism occurred in 4.0 and 3.7 per cent, respectively. The success rate for secondary operations (cervical and mediastinal) was 82 per cent. Permanent unilateral vocal cord paralysis occurred in three patients and persistent symptomatic hypercalcemia occurred in another two. Twelve (4 per cent) of the patients had hyperparathyroid crisis and five (1.8 per cent) had carcinoma of the parathyroid gland. The mean follow-up time was six years. Removal of a single macroscopically enlarged gland, if the other glands are normal, is all that needs to be done in most instances. Subtotal parathyroidectomy should be preserved for those patients who have diffuse glandular hyperplasia.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism. 335 30

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare tumor and its clinical course is variable. Differentiation of patients with parathyroid carcinoma from those with parathyroid adenoma is often difficult both preoperatively and at operation. For good results, the surgeon must recognize this disorder and perform an en bloc resection at the initial surgery. A neck dissection is necessary only when there is evidence of regional node metastases. After surgery, periodic follow-up of the serum calcium and iPTH levels is essential. When hypercalcemia recurs or the serum iPTH increases, localization studies with the use of thallium-201 scanning help detect local recurrence and regional lymph node metastases, but unfortunately, this method often fails to localize pulmonary metastases. Chest radiographs and CT scanning are useful for delineating pulmonary metastases. A wide excision of locally recurrent tumor, an en bloc radical neck dissection and mediastinum dissection for lymphatic metastases, and an aggressive surgical resection of lung metastases are recommended. Although these operations are rarely curative, they usually offer definite palliation of the marked hypercalcemia, often for a considerable period. Drugs to lower the serum calcium level and systemic chemotherapy are currently of only limited benefit, and radiation therapy is generally ineffective.
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PMID:How to recognize and treat parathyroid carcinoma. 355 Nov 49

Parathyroid carcinoma, although rare, represents 0.5-4.0 per cent of the cases of hyperparathyroidism. The authors have encountered five cases of parathyroid carcinoma in their experience treating 445 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1.1%) since 1965. All five patients were women, ranging in age fro 29 to 60 years, and had marked hypercalcemia at the time of presentation, with values up to 26 mg/dl in one case. All the tumors were locally adherent to surrounding structures at the time of parathyroidectomy. Pathologically they were characteristic with a dense sclerotic reaction and fibrous bands criss-crossing islands of parathyroid cells. Three patients with local as well as distant metastases have died as a result of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma (follow-up: 2, 3, and 6 years). The remaining two patients became normocalcemic following resection, and have been asymptomatic for 1 and 7 years, respectively. The overall survival and clinical course, in our limited experience with five parathyroid carcinoma cases demonstrates that the morbidity and mortality in these patients is mainly due to local recurrence with the resultant metabolic disturbances, as has been previously noted in the literature.
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PMID:Parathyroid carcinoma. A report of five cases. 401 80

Carcinoma of the larynx was treated by irradiation followed by laryngectomy in a man who had been receiving regular haemodialysis for two years. At least one, and probably two, parathyroid glands were removed at this time, and the remaining two were removed three years later for tertiary hyperparathyroidism. A portion of one gland was implanted into the forearm. The forearm implant was resected the following year for recurrent hypercalcaemia. Six years later, again with recurrent hypercalcaemia, he died of bronchopneumonia. Metastatic parathyroid carcinoma was found in the apex of the left lung. The source of this parathyroid tissue and the possible role of irradiation in the pathogenesis of parathyroid cancer in this patient were investigated.
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PMID:Parathyroid carcinoma associated with chronic renal failure and previous radiotherapy to the neck. 405 66


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