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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five cats that presented for signs of lower urinary tract disease (i.e., pollakiuria and hematuria) secondary to a calcium oxalate urolithiasis are presented. On evaluation, all five cats had elevations of both serum ionized as well as total serum calcium. The hypercalcemia resolved after discontinuation of urinary acidifying therapy or a dietary change, or both.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in cats: a report of five cases. 1041 73

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of thirstyness and left lower abdominal pain. On admission, he was found to have urolithiasis, renal insufficiency (BUN: 73 mg/dl, Crt: 4.4 mg/dl), and hypercalcemia (13.2 mg/dl). Chest X-ray films and computed tomograms showed enlargement and calcification of the hilar lymph nodes, and thickened interlobar fissures in both lungs. Levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (30.2 IU/l) and 1.25 (OH)2VitD3 (66.4 pg/ml) were elevated. Histologic examination of the specimen obtained from transbronchial lung biopsy showed non-caseous epithelioid cell granulomas. Because the level of parathyroid hormone was normal and no malignancies were detected, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, transurethral lithotomy, saline infusion, and prednisolone (30 mg/day) alleviated the urolithiasis, renal insufficiency, and hypercalcemia. After discharge, the patient was followed up and given prednisolone therapy. About 1 month after the prednisolone dose had been tapered to 15 mg/day, the patient experienced dyspnea and facial and pedal edema. Because congestive heart failure was diagnosed, he was re-admitted to our hospital for a second time. Although he was then placed on intensive therapy, he died of ventricular tachycardia associated with sarcoidosis of the heart.
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PMID:[Sarcoidosis with hypercalcemia, urolithiasis, renal insufficiency, and heart failure]. 1048 65

A retrospective study was conducted to characterize the diseases, clinical findings, and clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic findings associated with hypercalcemia (serum calcium concentration >11 mg/dL) in 71 cats presented to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The 3 most common diagnoses were neoplasia (n = 21), renal failure (n = 18), and urolithiasis (n = 11). Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 4 cats. Lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most frequently diagnosed tumors. Calcium oxalate uroliths were diagnosed in 8 of 11 cats with urolithiasis. Cats with neoplasia had a higher serum calcium concentration (13.5 +/- 2.5 mg/dL) than cats with renal failure or urolithiasis and renal failure (11.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dL; P < .03). Serum phosphorus concentration was higher in cats with renal failure than in cats with neoplasia (P < .004). Despite the fact that the majority of cats with uroliths were azotemic, their serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations and urine specific gravity differed from that of cats with renal failure. Additional studies are warranted to determine the underlying disease mechanism in the cats we identified with hypercalcemia and urolithiasis. We also identified a small number of cats with diseases that are not commonly reported with hypercalcemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether an association exists between these diseases and hypercalcemia, as well as to characterize the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism for each disease process.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in cats: a retrospective study of 71 cases (1991-1997). 1077 91

The introduction of the multichannel autoanalyser made measurement of serum calcium concentrations easier, and led to a dramatic change in clinical presentations. The reliable methods such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands has long been sought to increase the cure rate of surgical treatment. We report the clinical feature of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients were classified into four stages in chronological order. The early patients (the first stage, 1970-1979) were mainly diagnosed in the treatment of urolithiasis. Approximately 20% of patients in the second stage (1980-1986) were symptom-free, and hypercalcemia was detected by autoanalyzer. Patients in the third stage (1987-1993) underwent preoperative localization studies including CT. scintigraphy, ultrasonography and MRI. The recent patients (the fourth stage, 1993-1999) were mostly treated in the present hospital. In the first stage, PHPT was an uncommon metabolic disorder hat was typically associated with nephrolithiasis and was two to three times more common in men than in women. In the second, third and fourth stages, PHPT is a common and often symptomless endocrine disorder. The ratio of male to female is decreasing, because men are dominant in stone-formers. Four parathyroid glands were searched carefully in the first and second stages, and unilateral cervical exploration was performed in some preoperatively localized parathyroid glands in the third and fourth stages.
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PMID:Clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism: preoperative localization and parathyroidectory. 1091 95

Unexplained hypercalcemia has been increasingly recognized in cats since 1990. In some instances, hypercalcemia has been associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and some affected cats have been fed acidifying diets. We studied the laboratory findings, clinical course, and treatment of 20 cats with idiopathic hypercalcemia. Eight (40%) of the cats were longhaired and all 14 cats for which adequate dietary history was available had been fed acidifying diets. Clinical signs included vomiting (6 cats), weight loss (4 cats), dysuria (4 cats), anorexia (3 cats), and inappropriate urinations (3 cats). Hypercalcemia was mild to moderate in severity. and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were normal or low. Serum concentrations of phosphorus, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and calcitriol were within the reference range in most cats. Diseases commonly associated with hypercalcemia (eg, neoplasia, primary hyperparathyroidism) were not identified despite thorough medical evaluations and long-term clinical follow-up. Azotemia either did not develop (10 cats) or developed after the onset of hypercalcemia (3 cats), suggesting that renal failure was not the cause of hypercalcemia in affected cats. Seven of 20 cats (35%) had urolithiasis, and in 2 cats uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate. Subtotal parathyroidectomy in 2 cats and dietary modification in 11 cats did not result in resolution of hypercalcemia. Treatment with prednisone resulted in complete resolution of hypercalcemia in 4 cats.
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PMID:Idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats. 1111 Mar 84

A 12-year-old girl was admitted to ward because of persistent left flank pain, vomiting, and hematuria. A stone was located at the ureteropelvic junction of the left kidney, as determined by means of abdominal sonography. Metabolic investigation for a renal stone revealed that she had hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypercalciuria. Hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed based on the hypercalcemia and inappropriately elevated serum parathyroid hormone level. A parathyroid adenoma was successfully diagnosed by using thallium/technetium subtraction parathyroid scanning. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed to treat the renal stone, and the parathyroid adenoma was successfully removed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. This case is presented because urolithiasis and hyperparathyroidism are rare in children. Metabolic evaluation is mandatory in children with a renal stone. Further investigation for the hyperparathyroidism should be performed if hypercalcemia associated with hypercalciuria is documented.
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PMID:Urolithiasis and primary parathyroid adenoma: report of one case. 1498 62

Parathyroid carcinoma is an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism; however, when this condition is severe, cancer must be suspected. We report on a 28-year-old male with severe hypercalcemia, cachexia, acute pancreatitis, urolithiasis, anemia and a severe skeletal involvement with multiple fractures. The patient had a 4-cm parathyroid tumor, that was surgically excised, along with the ipsilateral thyroid lobe. During the postoperative period, he had a severe and prolonged hungry bone syndrome, with a slow recovery of fractures, with functional and anatomical sequelae in the extremities. PTH levels were adequate for the serum calcium during the 16 months of follow-up.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism with severe skeletal involvement in one patient with parathyroid carcinoma]. 1576 53

A 18-year old patient presents abdominal pains associated with nausea and vomiting six weeks after a multiple trauma leading to paraplegia. Esophagitis, urolithiasis, and acalculous cholecystitis were diagnosed. This report illustrates two rare abdominal complications of a multiple trauma with immobilisation: acalculous cholecystitis, hypercalcaemia, coralliform urolithiasis following urinary infection and bacteriurie with Enterobacter Cloacae. The interpretation of the abdominal semiology of a multiple trauma's patient presenting long-term immobilization may be misleading.
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PMID:[When a multiple trauma complains about abdominal pains six weeks after the fall. . ]. 1742 79

We report three cases of urolithiasis associated with sarcoidosis and reviewed the Japanese published reports. All cases had hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalciuria and renal dysfunction. A serum level of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was elevated and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was decreased. Stone components were predominantly calcium oxalate. Abnormal calcium metabolism is a well-known feature of sarcoidosis and the reported prevalence of urolithiasis in patients with sarcoidosis was 1.3-14.0% in the English published reports. However, urolithiasis associated with sarcoidosis is uncommon in Japan and we could find only 16 documented cases including ours. Abnormal calcium metabolism is caused by an increase in serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3, which is derived from endogenous overproduction in the pulmonary macrophages. If patients with urolithiasis have abnormal calcium metabolism, renal impairment and suppression of PTH, the possibility of sarcoidosis should be considered for a differential diagnosis. Also, it should be emphasized that the presence or developing of urolithiasis is to be monitored during follow up of patients with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Three cases of urolithiasis associated with sarcoidosis: a review of Japanese cases. 1788 Mar

Hypercalcemia is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain and may be overlooked in the Emergency Department. In this case report, we describe the case of a 48-year-old woman with a prior history of urolithiasis who presented to the Emergency Department with diffuse abdominal pain. She had taken Trichlormethiazide 1 mg daily for her urolithiasis. She was diagnosed with thiazide-related hypercalcemia; hyperparathyroidism and thyroid papillary carcinoma were unveiled during her hospitalization. A thorough history and complete physical examination, paired with appropriate but judicious diagnostic testing, are essential to detecting these unusual causes of abdominal pain.
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PMID:An unusual cause of abdominal pain: thiazide-related hypercalcemia in a patient with veiled hyperparathyroidism and thyroid papillary carcinoma. 1802 79


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