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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urolithiasis is a rare complication following kidney transplantation. Experience with this complication in 6 of 426 transplantations performed from 1968 to 1979 is reviewed. The clinical symptoms are different from the disease in non-transplant patients. Three major predisposing causes for the development of calculi after kidney transplantation were found in our patients--urodynamic disorders following complications of the ureterovesical anastomosis, persistent bacteriuria and renal tubular acidosis and, less importantly, the presence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria as a result of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Crystal-optical and x-ray-diffraction studies contributed to the interpretation of the constituents and texture of the calculi and of the aetiological factors concerned.
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PMID:Urolithiasis after kidney transplantation--clinical and mineralogical aspects. 701 27

A series of 38 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism seen at a single hospital within a four a half year period is reported. The importance of hypercalcemia in the diagnosis of this syndrome and its screening in cases of arterial hypertension, gout, osteoporosis, and families with type I multiple endocrine neoplasia are underlined. The patients in the present series had a florid clinical history with a mean duration of 14 years. Main symptoms were urolithiasis (52%), arterial hypertension (28.9%), bone involvement and pain (23.7%), and peptic ulcer (18.4%). There were a high proportion of patients with hyperuricemia (26.3%), some with classical symptoms of gout. One patient presented simultaneous pituitary and pancreatic involvement. Surgical therapy was undertaken in 25 patients, of whom 24 (96%) were cured, one of them after reoperation. There were no cases of relapse, hypoparathyroidism, or postoperative death. Surgery is the only rational and definitive form of treatment of hyperparathyroidism; both experienced surgeons and pathologists are necessary to deal with the anatomic and histologic subtleties of this interesting endocrine disorder.
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PMID:[Comments on a series of 38 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. 724 69

We studied retrospectively 38 children who presented with urolithiasis between 1970 and 1977. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 9.4 years. A positive family history was found in 36 per cent. Urinary tract abnormalities predisposing to infective urolithiasis was found in 7 children (18 per cent) but required voiding cystography for detection in 5. Hypercalcemia was found in 3 of 32 (8 per cent), while 28 of the 38 patients (74 per cent) had idiopathic urolithiasis. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was found in 5 of 13 patients (38 per cent) with idiopathic urolithiasis. Investigation of urolithiasis in children should include voiding cystography and measurement of urine calcium, as well as oxalate and uric acid, under home diet conditions.
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PMID:Pediatric urolithiasis in the 1970s. 735 29

A 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat with dysuria, anorexia, vomiting, and lethargy was admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. A large, firm mass was palpable in the ventral cervical region. Hypercalcemia, azotemia, and nonregenerative anemia were evident on serum biochemical analysis and CBC, and multiple uroliths were detected by abdominal radiography. At necropsy, light microscopy of the ventral cervical mass revealed a parathyroid adenocarcinoma. Light microscopy of sections of the kidneys revealed multifocal, chronic, lymphocytic/plasmacytic, tubulointerstitial nephritis, as well as moderate multifocal acute tubular necrosis. On quantitative analysis, the uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate. Determination of serum calcium concentration is indicated in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis to aid in detection of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a cat with a functional parathyroid adenocarcinoma. 775 34

Hypercalcaemia is one of the extra-pulmonary symptoms of sarcoidosis. We describe a case of acute and chronic renal failure due to urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis probably caused by sunlight-induced hypercalcaemia in a patient with undiagnosed sarcoidosis. Attention must be given to excessive sun exposure and vitamin D intake in patients with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis as primary symptoms in Boeck's sarcoidosis]. 864 14

A 38-year-old woman was hospitalized in January 1994 with renal dysfunction and hypercalcemia. Before admission, she was diagnosed as having urolithiasis, and had been treated twice with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Ophthalmologically, she exhibited iritis and secondary glaucoma. Hypercalcemia, an extremely low titer of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and lysozyme activity were noted. These findings suggested sarcoidosis, although the chest X-ray showed only fibrotic changes. Hypercalcemia was suspected of having been caused secondarily by sarcoidosis. Since her laboratory data also showed renal dysfunction and abnormal urinalysis, a renal biopsy was performed. The histological findings indicated a tubular and interstitial disorder without glomerular abnormality; calcium deposition, which was detected by X-ray energy dispersive analysis, was observed in the tubular cytoplasm. Administration of prednisolone alleviated the renal dysfunction and decreased the elevation of ACE activity and lysozyme level of the blood. Sarcoidosis is sometimes associated with hypercalcemia, but rarely with renal dysfunction. These findings suggested that sarcoidosis may be associated with renal dysfunction due to tubular injury caused by calcium deposition in the tubules, and that glucocorticoid therapy was effective for these disorders.
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PMID:A patient with sarcoidosis associated with recurrent urolithiasis and tubular injury caused by calcium deposition. 872 36

The two most common causes of hypercalcemia are malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT). The radiographic presentations and the histological findings on bone biopsy are important for differential diagnosis of underlying diseases. We report a patient with hypercalcemia who presented unusual bone manifestations. A 43 y/o woman was admitted due to right femoral fracture. X-ray on the right tibia revealed several osteolytic cystic lesions with sclerotic rims. Blood biochemistry showed anemia, impaired renal function and hypercalcemia. Multiple osteolytic lesions on the skull and bilateral forearms were also noted. Malignancy, such as multiple myeloma or metastatic cancer was suspected. However, this was excluded because of the absence of M-component on serum protein electrophoresis and the negative finding of plasma cells or other malignant cell on bone biopsy examination. Abdominal sonography demonstrated bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis. The final diagnosis of 1 degree HPT was made, based on the findings of classic pathological pictures (brown tumor) and the markedly elevated intact parathyroid hormone (1267.4 pg/ml) level. Sonography on the neck and 201Tl/99mTc parathyroid subtraction scan localized a left lower parathyroid tumor and fine needle aspiration confirmed the parathyroid origin. Diagnosis of 1 degree HPT could only be made from recurrent urolithiasis and X-ray picture of osteitis fibrosa cystica in the past. This patient presented the full-blown skeletal changes which are uncommonly seen nowadays. The characteristic sclerotic rims suggesting increased bone formation provides a further important clue for differential diagnosis of 1 degree HPT from other malignancies with osteolytic bone lesions.
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PMID:A patient of primary hyperparathyroidism with full-blown bone changes simulating malignancy. 979 3

We report herein a case of familial primary hyperparathyroidism diagnosed in a 23-year-old woman who presented with hypercalcemia and urolithiasis. The parathyroid gland was removed, and pathological examination revealed chief cell adenoma. The proband's younger sister had undergone surgery for parathyroid adenoma at the age of 19, and her aunt had a history of urolithiasis with a high level of serum parathyroid hormone. We have not yet found evidence of any other endocrine disorders suggesting multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 in this pedigree.
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PMID:Familial hyperparathyroidism: report of a case. 993 34

The case study presented here illustrates the diagnosis and management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a Bichon Frise, a breed at increased risk for this type of stone. If the Bichon Frise had persistent hypercalcemia, we would have evaluated serum concentrations of ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D to identify an underlying cause. Because his urine was alkaline, additional potassium citrate was not provided. Likewise, as a fortified diet was fed to him, vitamin B6 therapy was not considered. This case study illustrates the benefits of radiographic evaluation immediately following surgery and during follow-up examinations. If we had postponed radiographs until the patient developed clinical signs, additional surgical procedures may have been required.
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PMID:Canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Case-based applications of therapeutic principles. 1002 55

Baseline renal function data was collected during 24-hr periods of feeding and fasting from three male and three female adult Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea) with calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Urine was analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, and oxalate, and urinalyses were performed. There was no evidence of glucosuria, which has been previously reported in Asian small-clawed otters with urolithiasis. Urinary oxalate levels were quite high when compared with those of dogs and humans without uroliths, and the ratio of urinary oxalate to calcium was close to 1:1 during periods of food consumption. There was no significant difference in urinary oxalate excretion between the fed and fasting states. Urinary calcium excretion was five times greater during feeding than during fasting. Calcium levels were higher in the otters than those reported for dogs without uroliths but were similar to those for normal humans. Water consumption and urine production were significantly higher during periods of food consumption. Serum chemistry analyses and electrolyte levels were also determined. There was no evidence of hypercalcemia. Fractional clearance of calcium and phosphorus and endogenous creatinine clearance were significantly higher during food consumption than during fasting. Parathyroid hormone levels were similar to those reported for dogs and cats. Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was slightly lower in the otters than in dogs.
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PMID:Evaluation of urinary and serum metabolites in Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea) with calcium oxalate urolithiasis. 1036 44


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