Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty eight patients with thyrotoxicosis were examined as well as 9 patients with hypothyroidism and 40 healthy subjects. A tendence towards hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, hypercalciuria, hyperhydroxiprolinuria, elevated alkaline phosphatase were found in hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism--hypocalcemia, hypocalciuria, hypohydroxiprolinuria. The changes are associated with the direct effect of thyroid hormones upon bone system (intensified bone metabolism with predominance of destruction). Calciuria and HOP-uria in thyrotoxicosis depend on the severity of the disease. The elevated calcium excretion in thyrotoxicosis speaks for the presence of ostemalacic component. TRP, PEI, mean diametrically opposite in hyper- and hypothyroidism, support the hypothesis of the secondary hypoparathyroidism in thyrotoxicosis and hyperparathyroidism--in the hypothyroidism.
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PMID:[Studies of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in thyrotoxicosis]. 91 16

Lactating rats were compared with nonlactating controls, with regard to the intake and absorption of calcium, serum calcium level, and te protective effect of thyroacalcitonin (TC) against hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. While consuming a commercial diet, intact, nonfasted lactating rats maintained a serum calcium level of approximately 9 mg/100 ml, which was 1 mg/100 ml lower than that of nonlactating controls. The level rose to that of the controls within one day after removal of the litters from the mother. Compared with nonlactating rats, lactating rats had a three-fold higher calcium intake and a six-fold higher rate of net absorption of calcium. After intragastric calcium (10 mg/100 g body wt) the increase in serum calcium was small (1 mg/100 ml) 2 h later in both groups of sham-operated rats but was markedly increased in thyroparathyroidectomized groups, with the lactating rats showing a significantly greater increase than the nonlactating rats. The injection of a small dose of porcine thyrocalcitonin completely counteracted this hypercalcemia in lactating rats, but did not have any effect on nonlactating controls. Protection by the thyroid gland against hyperphosphatemia after intragastric calcium also was significant in both lactating and nonlactating rats. The results show that TC is much more effective in lactating than in nonlactating rats, suggesting that TC may be of particular importance in lactation by restricting elevations of serum calcium and phosphorus levels after eating, thereby aiding in conservation of these ions.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism during lactation: enhanced effects of thyrocalcitonin. 95 38

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were increased in a 15 year old girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and minimal phosphaturic and absent hypercalcemic responses to exogenous parathyroid extract (PTE). Following normalization of the serum calcium concentration with vitamin D, serum iPTH and phosphate concentrations returned to the normal range, and phosphaturia could be clearly stimulated and hypercalcemia induced by PTE. On the other hand, the urinary cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) excretion could not be stimulated, suggesting that in this case, there appears to be no relationship between the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP and the phosphaturic effect of PTE. The minimal phosphaturic effect and the lack of hypercalcemic effects of PTE in untreated pseudohypoparathyroidism can be explained by the secondary hyperparathyroidism causing elevated iPTH levels rather than by a defect at the level of the receptor sites. A requirement of pharmacologic amounts of vitamin D per se, however, for the responsiveness of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism to PTE cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Disappearance of the resistance to parathyroid extract during treatment with vitamin D. 113 47

The chronic ingestion of the leaves of the plant Solanum malacoxylon (SM) causes an endemic disease in the cattle of some areas of Buenos Aires province. The animals affected manifest loss of appetite and weight, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and ectopic calcifications. In order to study the mechanism of the hypercalcemia provoked by the administration of SM, a calcium kinetic study was performed in control and treated adult intact rats. The animals receiving SM showed higher levels of serum calcium throughout the study. The body excretion of 47Ca and the size of the most rapidly exchangeable calcium pool were also elevated. On the other hand, the bone accretion rate and the urinary excretion of total hydroxyproline were significantly diminished. The results indicate that during the early phase of SM administration in intact rats, bone turnover rate is depressed.
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PMID:Calcium kinetics in the Solanum malacoxylon-treated rat. 119 17

Serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline-phosphatase were determined in 3,191 women as a part of a multiphasic health testing program. A fasting sample of blood was drawn between 9 and 11 a.m. and the separated serum was applied to a Technicon Autoanalyzer SMA 12/60 and measured. In 527 women, who were found to have no abnormalities on the other laboratory tests or by the physical examination, were the results of determination studied in relation to age and menstrual status. The values obtained from 13,258 men were employed as a control. In regularly menstruating women the serum calcium level was decreased with the advance of age. Once the menstrual cycle had got irregular toward the menopause, the serum calcium level was rapidly increased, reached maximum in 2-5 years after the menopause, and was slightly decreased thereafter. The serum inorganic phosphorus level also varied in a similar attitude. On the other hand both the serum calcium and phosphorus levels in men were gradually reduced with the advance of age and no fluctuation was observed. Alkaline-phosphatase in serum was distinctly enhanced in the postmenopause. These data indicate that the decline in estrogen secretion results in hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and that a prophylactic estrogen therapy may be considered at the early stage of the postmenopause for preventing the increased bone resorption.
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PMID:[The effect of menopause on serum levels of calcium and inorganic phosphorus (author's transl)]. 123 18

Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were injected daily intraperitoneally either with vehicle (0.05 ml of 95% ethanol/100 g body wt) or vitamin D3 (50 I.U./100 g body wt) and maintained in artificial fresh water, calcium-rich fresh water, or calcium-deficient fresh water for 10 days. The specimens were sacrificed on Days 1, 3, 5, and 10 after initiation of the experiment. The blood samples were collected on these intervals and serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels were analyzed. Vitamin D3 induced hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in the freshwater catfish, H. fossilis. These effects of vitamin D3 are not dependent upon the calcium concentration of the different ambient media used in this study.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin D3 administration on the serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels of the freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, maintained in artificial fresh water, calcium-rich fresh water, and calcium-deficient fresh water. 132 May 83

Vitamin D3, 25(OH) vitamin D3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 were administered daily to unfed male Bufo andersoni for 15 days which resulted in a significant hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in a dose-dependent fashion. 1,25(OH)2D3 is more potent than the other metabolites. The treatment activated ultimobranchial gland but induced degenerative changes in parathyroid of the toads.
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PMID:Dose-dependent vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, and the correlative changes in the activity of ultimobranchial and parathyroid glands of the toad, Bufo andersoni Boulenger. 133 66

Intravenous calcitriol is known to directly suppress PTH secretion and release. We evaluated the effect of four months of treatment with low-dose intravenous calcitriol on PTH levels in 83 hemodialysis patients. The criteria for including patients in the study were a serum PTH levels at least four times the normal limit, a serum total calcium less than 10 mg/dl and good control of the serum phosphorus level. All patients underwent standard bicarbonate or acetate dialysis; dialysate calcium level was maintained at the usual 3.5 mEq/liter concentration. Initial calcitriol dose was 0.87 +/- 0.02 (SEM) micrograms (0.015 micrograms/kg body wt) thrice weekly at the end of dialysis, and it was reduced in case of hypercalcemia or elevated calcium-phosphate product. Seven out of 83 patients dropped out during treatment. Among the 76 patients who completed the study, 58 (76%) showed a highly significant decrease of intact PTH levels (average reduction 48%) and of alkaline phosphatase levels after four months of therapy. Total serum calcium increased slightly but significantly in the responder group but remained unchanged in the non-responders. No significant changes in ionized calcium levels could be detected, even in responders. Treatment was well tolerated by patients, but 60% of them had transient episodes of hyperphosphatemia. Mean serum phosphate was 4.95 mg/dl at the beginning of the study. It increased significantly after four months of treatment in patients who showed a decrease of PTH levels, although it remained within acceptable limits, below 5.5 mg/dl. Twenty-eight of 76 patients (37%) reduced the dose of calcitriol because their calcium-phosphate products exceeded 60.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low-dose intravenous calcitriol treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Italian Group for the Study of Intravenous Calcitriol. 145 3

Clinical usefulness of calcium acetate (CAA) as phosphorus binder was assessed in 19 stable hemodialysis patients with persistent hyperphosphatemia. All were dialysed thrice weekly with a constant dialytic schedule and a dialysate calcium of 3.5 mEq/l. One month prior the study beginning all patients stopped assumption of Ca and vitamin D supplements. In the first period of the study CAA (mean daily doses 2.2 g) was administered for one month followed by 15 days of withdrawal. The mean serum phosphorus decreased from 7.6 +/- 1.4 to 5.8 +/- 0.8 mg% (p < 0.005). After 15 days of withdrawal mean serum phosphorus reached the pretreatment value. Then the patients entered a long term study with personalized doses of CAA (between 1 and 4 g/day) and administration in 8 of them of alpha-calcidol. After a mean follow-up period of 5.4 +/- 1.5 months serum phosphorus was reduced from 7.5 +/- 1.1 to 5.6 +/- 1.1 mg% (p < 0.0005) while calcemia increased from 9.0 +/- 0.7 to 9.6 +/- 0.6 mg% (p < 0.005). Only one patient developed mild hypercalcemia. We concluded that CAA is a safe alternative to calcium carbonate for the control of hyperphosphatemia of uraemic patients for the most efficient phosphorus binding and the lesser absorption of calcium.
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PMID:Treatment of uraemic hyperphosphatemia with calcium acetate: a safe alternative to calcium carbonate. 145 93

A retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation was performed to relate the prevalence and preferred sites of microscopic calcium deposition seen at autopsy to clinical parameters, namely, hypercalcemia, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and renal failure. Microscopic foci of calcification were noted in 84% of patients, and hypercalcemia was noted in 68%. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the number of microscopically calcified organs depended in part on the peak total serum calcium level and the duration of hypercalcemia and that the peak total serum calcium level depended in part on the peak phosphorus level and the quantity of calcium administered intraoperatively. Univariate analysis showed that peak phosphorus level was partially dependent on the peak creatinine level. The data suggest that hypercalcemia and postoperative ectopic calcification are common and related occurrences following hepatic transplantation and that intraoperative manipulations of serum calcium levels and renal failure partially, but not entirely, account for this phenomenon.
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PMID:Tissue calcification after orthotopic liver transplantation. An autopsy study. 152 56


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