Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paraneoplastic syndromes are common complications of lung cancer. Although most frequently associated with advanced disease, paraneoplastic syndromes may also occur at early stages. Occasionally, the paraneoplastic syndrome may be the presenting symptom of lung cancer. For most paraneoplastic syndromes, the best treatment is to treat the underlying malignancy. However, in many cases, treatment of moderate efficacy or urgent therapy is required. Specific recommendations for the management of the most common paraneoplastic syndromes, including cachexia, hypercalcemia, and hyponatremia, are provided.
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PMID:Management of paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer. 1469 57

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is a rare cause of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. This paraneoplastic syndrome is usually one of the presenting symptoms of the disease. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that presumably elaborated parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP) and caused hypercalcemia only after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia induced by parathyroid hormone-related peptide after treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. 1471

Hypercalcemia associated with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is rarely encountered. We report a case of TCC of bladder with documented production of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP). Our patient had a rapidly progressive course and died 2 months after radical cystectomy. Literature suggests that these patients present with advanced stage and carry a poor prognosis. The histopathologic features, treatment and prognosis associated with this rare paraneoplastic syndrome are reviewed.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder producing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). 1500 53

Renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in three male patients, 45, 53 and 52 years of age. In addition, they had paraneoplastic symptoms: hypercalcaemia, hyperglycaemia and elevated hepatic enzyme levels, respectively. All three patients underwent tumour nephrectomy, after which the paraneoplastic symptoms disappeared. The first patient died 16 months postoperatively, while the other two were alive and free of symptoms after a follow-up of nine months and four years, respectively. Many patients with renal cell carcinoma remain asymptomatic for a long period of time and 30% of all patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. The classic triad of flank pain, haematuria and an abdominal mass occurs in only 10% of all cases. However, 20-40% of all patients present with signs of a paraneoplastic syndrome, of which anaemia (20-40%), fever (30%), hypertension (24%), hypercalcaemia (10-15%) and hepatic dysfunction (3-6%) are the most common.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic syndromes in three patients with renal cell carcinoma]. 1518 42

Hypercalcemia and leukocytosis are two of the most common paraneoplastic syndromes associated with various malignancies. Of note, concomitant manifestation of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis are occasionally observed in the same cancer patients. However, the relationship between these two paraneoplastic syndromes and clinical outcome is unclear. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the occurrence of hypercalcemia (> or = 10.2 mg/dl after adjustment for serum albumin concentration), leukocytosis (> or = 14,000/mm3 with no evidence of infection) or both in lung cancer patients (1149 cases). There were 65 cases (5.7%) of hypercalcemia, 16 cases (1.4%) of leukocytosis and six cases (0.5%) of both hypercalcemia and leukocytosis at the time of first presentation. The occurrence of these two distinct paraneoplastic syndromes in the same patients was more frequent than could have been expected by chance alone (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome and performance status (P = 0.002). Survivals of patients with hypercalcemia alone (median survival time: MST 3.8 months, n = 59), leukocytosis alone (MST 1.9 months, n = 10), and the hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome (MST 1.5 months, n = 6) were significantly shorter than those without them (MST 9.5 months, n = 1074; P < 0.001). Moreover, survival of patients with the hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome was significantly shorter than that of patients with hypercalcemia alone (P = 0.013). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in survival between the hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome and leukocytosis alone (P = 0.47). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors using the Cox proportional hazards model could not demonstrate that the hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome had independent prognostic significance. In conclusion, our results suggest that the hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome is an additional clinical entity of paraneoplastic syndrome and is an indicator for poorer outcome in lung cancer patients, although the frequency of the combined syndrome is very rare (0.5% of cases over a 10 year interval.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome associated with lung cancer. 1516 88

Paraneoplastic syndromes are manifestations of malignancies that have produced effects that are distant from the primary tumor or metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes are not caused by local effects of compression or infiltration into tissues, but are generally due to ectopic hormone production, autoimmune phenomena, or overproduction of cytokines. Paraneoplasia may be the presenting symptom of underlying malignancy and can affect almost any organ system, such as the neurologic syndromes associated with small-cell lung cancer or hypercalcemia associated with squamous cell carcinomas. Lymphoproliferative disorders are also associated with many paraneoplastic disorders; however, to date, most published information has been in the form of case reports and series of small numbers of patients. In this review, the most common paraneoplastic syndromes associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease will be discussed.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic manifestations of lymphoma. 1524 5

Mice bearing LP07 lung adenocarcinoma present some characteristics similar to those shown in patients with several malignant diseases. LP07 tumor bearers develop paraneoplastic syndromes such as cachexia, leukocytosis, and hypercalcemia, partly due to a systemic inflammatory response. We analyzed some of the mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of the association of the appetite-stimulant medroxiprogesterone acetate (MPA) and the nonselective cyclooxigenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (INDO) in LP07 tumor bearing mice. INDO and INDO plus MPA treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth, which was not inhibited by MPA. The number of lung metastatic nodules was decreased with all treatments, being most effective INDO alone and INDO plus MPA. A significant decrease of plasmatic levels of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-2 correlated with these results. Paraneoplastic syndromes, leukocytosis, and cachexia were abolished by all treatments. We determined effects of the treatments on circulating cytokines shown to regulate cachexia and inflammation. Both treatments alone, and INDO plus MPA, reduced circulating IL-6 throughout tumor evolution. A pronounced increase in serum IL-1ss levels was detected in untreated tumor bearers. These levels decreased and were closer to normal serum values when LP07 mice were treated with INDO plus MPA. The combination of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug as INDO and MPA showed to be effective in inhibiting tumor and metastatic growth and diminishing paraneoplastic symptoms and SIR. A variety of specific molecules are implicated as playing a role in cancer-induced cachexia and hematological alterations.
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PMID:Inhibition of tumor progression and paraneoplastic syndrome development in a murine lung adenocarcinoma by medroxyprogesterone acetate and indomethacin. 1653 80

Hypercalcemia is a common paraneoplastic syndrome that may result in metastatic calcification. We report here on four autopsy cases with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia with metastatic calcification, to evaluate the clinicopathologic manifestations. All were males, aged 37-63 years old. Primary tumors included one transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, one multiple myeloma, and two squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. Calcium concentrations ranged from 3.3 to 5.9 mmol/L. Chronic hypercalcemia resulted in metastatic calcification. The kidney and stomach were the most vulnerable organs. Only case 1 presented with an increase in plasma calcium above 5 mmol/L (about twice the normal value); the metastatic calcification involved the capillary walls of his lungs, and he died of fulminant pulmonary edema. Our conclusion is that judicious treatment for paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is important with respect to the occurrence of pulmonary edema associated with metastatic calcification.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia with metastatic calcification--clinicopathologic studies. 1656 25

A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of consciousness disturbance. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large low-density tumor in the left lobe of the liver. He presented with marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia with high levels of serum granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). A diagnosis of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) of the liver was confirmed by histological examination of an autopsy specimen. The tumor cells showed positivity for both G-CSF and PTH-rP with immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that the tumor was producing both G-CSF and PTH-rP. This paraneoplastic G-CSF and PTH-rP production caused by CCC is very rare. Such cases must be followed up carefully, since tumors associated with paraneoplastic syndrome progress rapidly, resulting in a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Cholangiocellular carcinoma that produced both granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein. 1685 Jan 33

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon is rare. A paraneoplastic syndrome presenting as hypercalcemia may occasionally occur in association with these tumors. Survival for more advanced stages of disease is lower than for patients with adenocarcinoma at a corresponding stage. We report a patient who presented with a primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction and we review the literature regarding the clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of this tumor.
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PMID:Adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon: a rare tumor. 1691 23


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