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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a study of 30 patients with hypernephromas, 23 patients manifested systemic effects of the tumor, and in 5 of these, the systemic effects were the presenting feature that led to the diagnosis. In contrast to this, only 17 patients had urologic complaints, and no single patient in this study had the classic triad of hematurial, loin pain, and mass. Weight loss (52 per cent), pyrexia, and elevated sedimentation rate (36 per cent) were seen most frequently. Anemia was seen in 25 per cent of patients. Other features seen in this group wer abnormalities in liver function, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hypertension, erythrocytosis, and hypercalcemia. In the majority of instances, removal of tumor was associated with remission of these effects. The effects were classified as those of a general toxic nature, those due to normal or abnormal production of hormones, and those due to production of abnormal substances by tumor cells. The evaluation of these effects was useful in making an early diagnosis and in follow-up care.
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PMID:Systemic effects of hypernephroma. 89 63

We report a 14-year-old boy with severe hypertension who was cured by surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma. The tumor was shown biochemically and morphologically to secrete predominantly noradrenaline. The metabolic effects noted in this patient were raised free fatty acid levels and depressed insulin levels, hyperreninemia, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria with normal parathyroid function. All these abnormalities returned to normal after removal of the tumor. It is suggested that these effects were mediated via beta-adrenergic stimulation of the excess noradrenaline.
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PMID:The metabolic effects of excess noradrenaline secretion from a pheochromocytoma. 90 78

The authors report an analytic study of hydroelectrolytic disorders in patients with APUD tumors. In most of the cases a diarrhea occurs. The type of this diarrhea is: -- a motrice diarrhea (in the great majority of carcinoid tumor and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid); -- a secretory diarrhea (W.D.H.A.): it is the case in gastrinoma (gastric hypersecretion), in secretinoma (pancreatic hypersecretion) and in vipoma (intestinal hypersecretion). The others disorders could be no diarrhea dependant (hyponatremia by ADH hypersecretion, hypercalcemia). The personal cases of the authors are: 12 medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, 19 enteraminoma and 2 others apudomas.
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PMID:[Water and electrolytes disorders in apudocarcinomas (author's transl)]. 90 Aug 68

The syndrome of hypercalcemia in patients with renal cell carcinoma without metastasis to bone, in association with elevated levels of immunoreactive prostaglandin E and normal parathyroid hormone levels, prompted the investigation of an etiologic relationship of increased prostaglandin in this syndrome. Ethyl acetate extracts of tissue culture effluents, primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and plasma were chromatographed on silicic acid columns and assayed by double antibody immunoprecipitative methods for immunoprecipitative methods for immunoreactive prostaglandins A and E. Increased levels of immunoreactive prostaglandins A and E were found 1) to be generated in parallel with cell growth during a period of time by renal cell carcinoma in monolayer growth, 2) in extracts of primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma tissue and 3) in the venous effluent of a kidney bearing a renal cell carcinoma. These findings support the hypothesis that renal cell carcinoma can produce prostaglandins. Furthermore, reported syndromes of patients with renal cell carcinoma associated with elevated prostaglandin levels may result from the autonomous production of prostaglandins in vivo by the tumor.
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PMID:Prostaglandin: increased production by renal cell carcinoma. 91 87

Rabbits receiving intramuscular injections of VX-2 carcinoma cells in biceps femoris muscles developed rapidly progressive neoplastic growths at 14 to 21 days associated with a significant hypercalcemia. The biologic behavior of the VX-2 carcinoma was characterized by local infiltration and metastases to regional lymph nodes and lungs. No metastases to skeletal tissues were evident. Femora from intramuscularly injected rabbits had varying degrees of osteophytosis and lysis evident roentgenographically. Histopathologic evaluation of femoral sections revealed periosteal new bone growth, cortical osteolysis, endosteal new bone growth, and in a few long term rabbits, pathologic fractures. Bone lesions were evident histologically in the vicinity of neoplastic growth (i.e., femora, tibiae) but not at distant sites (i.e., humeri and vertebrae). Mineral analyses of VX-2 carcinoma tissues and kidneys from VX-2-bearing rabbits revealed concentrations of calcium 83 and 3 times greater, respectively, than those of skeletal muscle and kidneys from controls. These findings correlated well with histochemical evidence of excessive amounts of calcium in sections of kidneys and VX-2 carcinoma tissues. Rabbits receiving intraperitoneal injections of VX-2 carcinoma cells did not develop hypercalcemia despite an extensive, progressive neoplastic burden with metastases to abdominal and thoracic viscera. Roentgenographic, histopathologic, and physiochemical analyses of selected bones from these rabbits revealed no significant alterations. These findings indicate that VX-2 carcinoma cells need to be in close proximity to skeletal tissues in order to induce hypercalcemia. The development of a significant hypercalcemia in intramuscularly injected rabbits precedes the invasion of osseous tissues by VX-2 carcinoma cells. Therefore, it appears that VX-2 carcinoma cells have the ability to alter skeletal morphology and physiochemistry through a dual humoral/cellular mechanism. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the VX-2 carcinoma in the rabbit suggest that the neoplasm is a good experimental model to study osseous-mediated hypercalcemia of malignancy.
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PMID:Hypercalcemic VX-2 carcinoma in rabbits: a clinicopathologic study. 94 Mar 20

An example of Kaposi's sarcoma with primary involvement of lymph nodes is reported. The patient, a woman, was admitted because of generalized lymphadenopathy and anemia. She was also known to have congestive heart failure of rheumatic origin. SMA-12 screening disclosed hypercalcemia on several occasions during her hospitalization. Levels of circulating parathormone and prostaglandins E2 and F were markedly increased. Total bone scan was negative for involvement by tumor. Electronmicroscopic examination of an involved lymph node disclosed secretory bodies in the cytoplasm of malignant cells and other cells, with clear indication of endothelial origin. The rarity of Kaposi's sarcoma with primary lymph nodal involvement in the United States is discussed. So far as is known by the authors, no example of Kaposi's sarcoma has been associated with hypercalcemia due to ectopic endocrine production.
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PMID:Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nods. 99 71

Circulating levels of immunoreactive (i) PGE, calcium and parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were examined in 21 patients with neoplasia and 3 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Plasma iPGE was elevated in 4 of 11 hypercalcemic cancer patients; all extracts of liver metastases obtained from 3 of these 4 patients had elevated iPGE levels (metastases = 19.43 +/- 3.43, n = 11; normal liver = 2.04 +/- 0.23; ng/g tissue, x +/- SE, P less than .001). In contrast, only one of 10 normocalcemic cancer patients and none of 3 hyperparathyroid patients had elevated plasma iPGE. There were no apparent relationships between the presence of metastases and either hypercalcemia or elevations of plasma iPGE. Serum iPTH levels were undetectable or below the mean of the normal range in 19 of 21 cancer patients; only the three hyperparathyroid patients had elevated levels. Seven hypercalcemic patients were treated with indomethacin; plasma iPGE decreased in 6 (-34 +/- 10% decrement, n = 6, P less than .01). Decreases in serum calcium occurred only in those patients (2 of 6) who had abnormally elevated plasma iPGE prior to the therapy. It is concluded that plasma iPGE elevations are found in some cancer patients, especially those with hypercalcemia, and that this marker may identify those patients who will respond to indomethacin treatment.
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PMID:Plasma prostaglandin E in patients with cancer with and without hypercalcemia. 100 18

The clinical findings of bone marrow necrosis in 13 patients undergoing bone marrow examination to investigate a peripheral blood cytopenia or leukoerythroblastic blood smear were reviewed and compared to those in the literature. Excluding sickle cell disease, all cases of bone marrow necrosis diagnosed during life were associated with a neoplastic process involving the marrow. A myeloproliferative disorder was found in five patients, metastatic carcinoma in five patients, a lymphoma in two patients, and both a myeloproliferative disorder and metastatic carcinoma in one patient. Marrow necrosis was found to involve the marrow at multiple sites in a piecemeal fashion with areas of necrotic marrow and structurally intact marrow adjacent to each other. Severe bone pain without roentgenographic abnormality was the major symptom in 85% of the patients. Marrow and fat emboli, hypercalcemia and peripheral blood cytopenias were identified as direct complications of marrow necrosis. The prognosis of patients with marrow necrosis secondary to neoplastic disease was found to be extremely poor with a median survival of less than one month. However, one patient responded to antineoplastic chemotherapy and showed healing of the bone marrow.
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PMID:Bone marrow necrosis. 106 33

Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) is useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in selected human diseases. Elevated plasma levels of TCT occur in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Asymptomatic relatives of these patients harboring microscopic foci of tumor may have abnormal plasma levels of TCT in the basal state or after provocative stimuli. In both instances the plasma levels of TCT can be used in the diagnosis and management of this thyroid neoplasm. Elevated plasma levels of TCT have also been described recently in subjects with certain extrathyroidal neoplasms or renal failure. Moderate elevations are seen during normal pregnancy and in the neonatal period. Although exogenous TCT has actions on several organs, including bone, the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract, its physiological role in man, if any, is still unknown. The recently reported measurements of TCT in normal subjects should facilitate the clarification of this issue. TCT has been used as a therapeutic agent in Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia of diverse etiologies, osteopenia and several other skeletal disorders. The dramatic improvement of patients with Paget's disease has been a unique therapeutic action of TCT. The therapeutic responses in hypercalcemic subjects given TCT are encouraging but more information is needed about the pharmacology of the hormones in these subjects before conclusions can be formed. At present the therapeutic role of TCT in osteopenia is hypothetical and the results of ongoing and future studies are needed to determine its effects.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of thyrocalcitonin. 109 26

An initial clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde has been carried out in 40 patients at dose levels of 30-4000 mg/m2 for 5 days given intravenously (iv) monthly. At 1.5 g/m2, noncumulative dose-related toxicity occurred in all patients which consisted of nausea and vomiting, local pain, alterations in coagulation mechanism, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and positive Coombs' test. No dose-limiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or bleeding occurred; however, depression of the leukocyte and platelet counts, and decreased hemoglobin value were observed. The dose-limiting toxic effect was renal tubular damage with reversible acute renal failure in one of four patients who received 3000 mg/m2 iv for 5 days. Refractory hypercalcemia was controlled in three of three patients without tumor effect. Responses occurred in patients with seminoma, oat cell carcinoma, and melanoma. A starting dose of 2 g/m2 for 3 days monthly is recommended for phase II trials and a trial in lung carcinoma is now being conducted.
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PMID:Clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde (NSC-118994). 110 41


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