Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

23 (60%) of 38 human breast carcinomas had significant in-vitro osteolytic activity. All patients presenting with bone metastases or hypercalcaemia had active tumours. Over a subsequent three-year follow-up period, bone metastases did not develop in any of the 15 patients with inactive tumours, and metastases at other sites developed in only 2. Of the 23 patients with active tumours, 7 either had, or have since developed bone metastases; in 4 of these hypercalcaemia also developed. 14 tumours, chosen at random, were tested for in-vitro osteolytic activity in the presence and absence of aspirin, which inhibits prostaglandin synthetase. The activity of 8 of the 9 osteolytically active tumours was significantly, though not completely inhibited by aspirin. Although the number of patients is limited, these results indicate that the in-vitro osteolysis assay may detect substances, perhaps including prostaglandins, produced by breast tumours which affect prognosis and contribute to the subsequent formation of bone metastases.
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PMID:Breast-cancer osteolysis, bone metastases, and anti-osteolytic effect of aspirin. 5 92

Hypercalcaemia is often associated with malignant disease. Causes of elevated serum-calcium levels in the absence of bony metastases include parathyroid-hormone production by the tumour, osteolytic factors made by the tumour, and coexistent primary hyperparathyroidism. By measuring nephrogenous cyclic-A.M.P. excretion to assess parathyroid-hormone function, we have determined the mechanism of such hypercalcaemia in 15 patients. Nephrogenous cyclic A.M.P. ranges from 0.05 to 2.40 mumol/g of creatinine in normal subjects, from 2.27 to 8.45 mumol/g in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and from 0.50 to 1.30 mumol/g in patients with proven non-hyperparathyroid hypercalcaemia without malignancy. 9 patients (60%) with hypercalcaemia and malignancy had normal levels of nephrogenous cyclic A.M.P. (range 0.35-2.07 mumol/g creatinine). The other 6 (40%) had elevated nephrogenous cyclic A.M.P. (range 2.70-5.55 mumol/g) consistent with increased parathyroid-hormone secretion. Surgical exploration of the neck in these patients showed that the increased parathyroid-hormone secretion was secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism, not ectopic hyperparathyroidism. Thus, the data indicate that coexistent hyperparathyroidism may be common in patients with hypercalcaemia and malignancy and that the measurement of nephrogenous cyclic A.M.P. is very useful in identifying patients at risk for hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism in paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia. 7 31

Studies of calcium metabolism in 38 patients with cancer indicated that: 1) intestinal absorption of calcium was reduced in patients with skeletal metastases and in those with hypercalcemia; 2) calcium-47 space (a measurement of bone turnover rate) was high in the patients with skeletal metastases; 3) hypercalcemic patients had higher urinary and endogenous fecal excretion of calcium than those who were normocalcemic; 4) levels of plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were similar in normo- and hypercalcemic patients, but the levels for a given serum calcium in malignant disease were lower than those in primary hyperparathyroidism; and 5) some patients had elevated calcitonin levels. Hypercalcemia complicating malignant disease is therefore not due to hyperabsorption or diminished excretion of calcium, and a low calcium diet is unlikely to benefit these patients. Measurement of 47Ca space could be of use in monitoring therapy of patients with skeletal metastases, and measurement of plasma parathyroid hormone could be useful in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism in cancer. Studies using calcium isotopes and immunoassays for parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. 18 80

Refractory hypercalcemia developed suddenly in a patient who had undergone a radical cystectomy for an anaplastic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A normal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) value was obtained by immunoassay while the patient had hypercalcemia and unimpaired renal function. This normal PTH value in the presence of hypercalcemia was consistent with his hypercalcemia being secondary to excessive amounts of circulating PTH. The finding of increased nephrogenous cyclic AMP, however, provided the definitive diagnosis of hyyperparathyroidism. Since autopsy revealed that there was no residual tumor in the bladder area, only evidence of metastatic disease, and since the parathyroid glands were not hyperplastic or adenomatous, we attributed this patient's hypercalcemia to hyperparathyroidism due to the ectopic production of PTH by a metastasis from the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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PMID:Fulminating hypercalcemia and markedly increased nephrogenous cyclic AMP in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 22 Aug 74

The EEG of 20 patients with hypercalcemia of different aetiology were investigated. (Hyperparthyreodism n = 14; Carcinomas with metastases n = 5; plasmocytom n = 1). General abnormalities were observed in most cases in different severity with a decrease of frequencies (n = 13) and an abnormal periodicity (n = 9). Beside one case there was a positive correlation between serum-calcium-level and EEG-abnormalities. Abnormal EEG-findings were observed mostly above serum calcium levels of 6,5 mval/1 = 13 mg%. There was a marked normalisation of EEG with decreasing serum-cacium-level. Different factors dealing with these abnormal EEG findings in hypercalcaemia were discussed.
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PMID:[The EEG in hypercalcemia (author's transl)]. 40 22

A woman with metastatic carcinoma of the breast developed hypercalcemia 39 months after mastectomy. The hypercalcemia remitted after treatment but recurred 12 months later, accompanied by elevated levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH). A urea/HC1 extract of hepatic metastases contained immunoreactive PTH, material which stimulated the resorption of fetal rat bone in tissue culture, and material which stimulated chick renal adenylate cyclase activity. These findings strongly suggest that this breast cancer produced a PTH-like substance.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the breast associated with hypercalcemia and the presence of parathyroid hormone-like substances in the tumor. 42 76

Despite the high frequency of skeletal metastases from cancer of the prostate, hypercalcaemia is extremely uncommon in this condition. In two patients with advanced, poorly differentiated metastasizing cancer a fairly uniform clinical picture developed, with anaemia, leukocytosis, increased serum creatinine, thrombocytopenia, elevated alkaline and acid phosphatase levels and symptoms secondary to hypercalcaemia. The development of more effective agents against cancer of the prostate will probably afford longer palliation, but evidently at a risk of severe metabolic disturbances in the preterminal state.
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PMID:Advanced cancer of the prostate combined with hypercalcaemia. 59 76

An unusual finding of systemic calcinosis in a patient with a nonparathyroid malignant neoplasm stimulated us to do a sclinicopathologic review of similar cases at our institution in the past seven years. Of 3,268 autopsies performed from 1968 to 1975, a total of 17 cases of calcinosis were found, 11 with solid tumors and 6 with hematopoietic neoplasms. Calcinosis was most prominent in the lung, kidney, heart, and stomach and was rarely discovered prior to death. Eighty-two percent of the patients had hypercalcemia and 53% had associated bony metastatic disease. Corticosteroid or phosphate treatment for the hypercalcemia may have contributed to the tissue deposition of calcium. Significant hepatic, renal, metabolic, and pulmonary dysfunctions were also associated with this disorder. Thirty-six percent of the patients had hypercalcemia without skeletal involvement; tumor-produced parathormone-like substances may be responsible for these calcium abnormalities. Calcinosis was a significant complication of neoplastic disease in these patients and contributed to morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Calcinosis in nonparathyroid malignant disease: an unusual case report and clinicopathologic review of 17 cases. 62 63

A patient with adrenocortical carcinoma had three major endocrine abnormalities attributable directly to the tumor: hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome), hyperestrogenism (feminization), and hypercalcemia (pseudohyperparathyroidism). There were higher levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in venous effluent from the tumor or its abdominal metastases compared to that found in the veins draining the parathyroid glands. This, together with the presence of normal parathyroid glands on autopsy, established the diagnosis of pseudohyperparathyroidism as the cause of hypercalcemia in this patient.
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PMID:Feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome and pseudohyperparathyroidism. 62 58

Pseudohyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in a mature stallion presented for anorexia, weight loss, pollakiuria and constipation. Laboratory findings included hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, anemia and isosthenuria. Thoracocentesis indicated an exfoliating squamous cell carcinoma. At necropsy, a squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach with metastases to the abdominal and thoracic cavities was diagnosed. No osseous metastases were found. No gross or microscopic renal lesions were noted. Bone tissue showed arrested resorption, and the parathyroid gland was atrophic.
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PMID:Gastrict carcinoma with pseudohyperparathyroidism in a horse. 63 16


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