Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of hypercalcaemia and its association with humoral mechanisms involving parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D were assessed in a prospective study of patients admitted to a clinical haematology unit. Hypercalcaemia was detected in 18/165 patients, and was due to primary hyperparathyroidism in 3/17 patients in whom results of humoral mediator assessments were obtained. In the other patients, hypercalcaemia was associated in nine instances with myeloma, in five with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and in one with myeloid neoplasia. No evidence was obtained of a humoral mechanism involving 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D, but elevated circulating levels of PTHrP, comparable with those in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy, were present in 2/4 patients with NHL, and in 3/9 with myeloma. The relationship between presence or absence of elevated circulating PTHrP, and presence or absence of hypercalcaemia during the course of treatment, indicated PTHrP was involved in the production of hypercalcaemia. Such an association raises the possibility that PTHrP released by neoplastic cells in these disorders acts in a paracrine manner to produce local bone resorption, and when produced in greater amounts causes elevated circulating levels which make an additional humorally-mediated contribution to the development of hypercalcaemia.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related protein in hypercalcaemia associated with haematological malignancy. 913 72

The etiology of hypercalcemia was investigated in a patient with primary isolated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the heart. There was no evidence of bone involvement, and parathyroid hormone and calciterol levels were suppressed. Plasma parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1-86) detected by immunoradiometric assay was increased (15 pmol/l compared with < 0.3 pmol/l in a control). We demonstrated that PTHrP was the humoral mediator of severe hypercalcemia in our patient.
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PMID:Severe humoral hypercalcemia in primary isolated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the heart. 902 13

One hundred ninety six dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoproliferative disorders were immunophenotyped. Dogs with lymphoma (175) were determined to be derived from B-cells in 134/175 (76%), T-cells in 38/175 (22%) and 3/175 (2%) were null cells (non-reactive with any canine-specific lymphocyte antibody). Dogs with T-cell lymphomas were at significantly higher risk of relapse and early death compared with B-cell lineage lymphoma following therapy (52 vs. 160 days; p < 0.001 and 153 vs. 330 days; p < 0.001, respectively). Hypercalcemia was associated only with CD4+ lymphomas. A nonimmunoglobulin B-cell marker (B5), expressed in 95% of nonneoplastic lymphocytes, was expressed at a reduced level in 63% (64/104) of dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Dogs with lymphoma in which the B5 antigen was expressed below normal levels experienced shorter progression free survival (125 vs. 202 days; p < 0.05) and overall survival times (203 vs. 385 days; p < 0.05) than dogs with B-cell lymphoma in which the B5 antigen was expressed normally. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs was primarily associated with a CD8+ phenotype (8/12) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia was determined to be of either null cell (4/9) or T-cell (3/9) phenotype. Although canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are phenotypically similar, canine leukemia is phenotypically distinct from human leukemia. The development of canine-specific probes has facilitated a priori assessment of treatment outcome in dogs with lymphoma and may in the future contribute to the comparative understanding of leukemo- and lymphoma-genesis in these species.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphoproliferative disorders. 917 11

We examined 111 patients with acute type- or lymphoma type-adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and compared them with 106 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In addition to skin involvement and hypercalcemia which are already known to be frequent in ATL, ATL patients showed an higher incidence of hepatic involvement. There was more frequent palpable hepatomegaly, higher total bilirubin, GOT, GPT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase values in ATL than in NHL patients (p < 0.0001). Among 36 autopsied liver samples, invasion of ATL cells was confirmed in 22 cases. ATL patients with impaired hepatic function showed shorter survival times than patients without hepatic dysfunction. Moreover, ATL patients showed a worse performance status (PS), a higher incidence of lytic bone lesions, lower total protein (TP) and serum albumin levels than NHL patients. This invasive characters of ATL cells and consequent impaired general condition seemed to be factors affecting the poor prognosis recorded in ATL.
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PMID:Frequent hepatic involvement in adult T cell leukemia: comparison with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 932 95

We measured the levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP) and carboxyterminal parothyroid hormone-related protein (C-PTHrP) in serum of patients with hematological malignancies. ICTP and C-PTHrP levels in serum of multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients with bone lesions and hypercalcemia were significantly higher than those of patients without bone lesions and hypercalcemia. ICTP and C-PTHrP levels in ATL were significantly higher than in MM and NHL. There was a correlation between ICTP and C-PTHrP in serum of ATL patients, but no correlation in MM and NHL. Serum ICTP levels tended to correlate with serum beta 2-microglobulin and survival in patients with MM. Therefore, ICTP and C-PTHrP levels in serum may be useful in the diagnosis of bone lesions and hypercalcemia in hematological malignancies. In particular, ICTP may be a useful bone resorption marker in MM.
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PMID:[Serum levels of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP) and carboxyterminal parathyroid hormone-related protein (C-PTHrP) in hematological malignancies with bone lesions and hypercalcemia]. 959 94

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with features mimicking that of multiple myeloma is reported. A 67-year-old man presented with lymphadenopathy and the classic constellation of symptoms and signs of multiple myeloma, including generalised bone pain, hypercalcemia and multiple osteolytic lesions on the skeletal survey. However, cervical lymph node biopsy showed diffuse large cell lymphoma and marrow aspirate showed infiltration with lymphoma cells different in both morphology and surface markers to myeloma cells.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma masquerading as multiple myeloma. 961 93

Hypercalcemia is an important complication in multiple myeloma as well as T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and is moderately common in high and intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The underlying mechanism has been unclear because the neoplastic cells are usually present in the bone marrow, where they are in a position to produce short range effects on bone resorption which are difficult to identify. This contrasts with the situation in hypercalcemia associated with non-metastatic carcinoma, where it has been clearly demonstrated that the most common cause is release from the tumor of a humoral mediator, Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP). Roles have been advocated in multiple myeloma for release of a number of other cytokines with osteolytic capacity on the basis of their enhancement of osteolytic activity in cultured fetal rat bone, although a causal relationship in patients has not been established. PTHrP has more recently been implicated in the genesis of hypercalcemia in patients with hematological malignancies by the demonstration in a proportion of cases of increased circulating levels of PTHrP, comparable to those in hypercalcemia due to cancer. Immunohistochemical studies indicate neoplastic hemopoietic cells can contain PTHrP, and thus have the capacity to act in a paracrine manner to enhance local bone resorption and contribute to the development of hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related protein in hypercalcemia associated with hematological malignancy. 964 63

An 8-year-old castrated male Paint Horse was referred because of generalized pruritus, alopecia, and intermittent fever. Results of gross evaluation of the skin and microscopic evaluation of skin scrapings were inconclusive. Histologic examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed vasculitis. The horse had persistent hypercalcemia; therefore, lymphosarcoma was considered a possibility. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic nodules within the parenchyma of the spleen and liver. Results of microscopic evaluation of an aspirate from a splenic nodule were suggestive of lymphosarcoma. The condition of the horse deteriorated, and it was subsequently euthanatized. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse lymphoma. In human beings, generalized pruritus may be an indication of serious internal disease, including malignancy. Paraneoplastic pruritus is most common in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma but can also develop in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, or a solid neoplasm. Lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses when examining horses with generalized pruritus for which another cause cannot be identified.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic pruritus and alopecia in a horse with diffuse lymphoma. 965 34

A previously well 70 year old woman was admitted to hospital following a three day history of vomiting and confusion. Her serum calcium was 6.58 mmol/l, phosphate 1.09 mmol/l, and alkaline phosphatase 91 iu/l. The mechanism of this hypercalcaemia was not obvious as there was no evidence of a primary malignancy, lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The calculation of indices of urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate suggested the presence of excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity as the mechanism of hypercalcaemia. Plasma intact PTH, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol were not raised suggesting the presence of PTH related peptide (rP). This led to a systematic search for a malignancy, which revealed the presence of a high grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma confined to the bone marrow. Plasma PTH-rP was subsequently shown to be raised confirming the interpretation of the initial urinary and calcium excretion indices. This case highlights the value of standard laboratory measurements such as urinary calcium and phosphate excretion in cases of hypercalcaemia of obscure aetiology, which can complement measurements of PTH and other calcitropic hormones.
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PMID:Value of assessing parathyroid hormone-like activity in a case of extreme hypercalcaemia. 965 76

Plasmocytic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most common tumor of bone and bone marrow, typically diagnosed by symptoms such as monoclonal paraproteinemia, proteinuria, anemia and hypercalcemia. In its progress, deposits of amyloids in almost all organs can be observed. However, plasmacytomas which are diagnosed by macroglossia of primarily unknown etiology are rare. This case report presents a 61-year-old woman who suffered from a persistent swelling of the tongue with painful ulcerations. A biopsy led to the diagnosis of primary systemic amyloidosis of the light-chain type, which subsequently proved to be a plasmacytoma with lambda light-chains stage II after Durie and Salmon. In the course of the disease the patient developed further deposits of amyloids in the whole gastro-enteric system. Macroglossia as a primary manifestation of plasmacytoma is rarely described in medical literature. However, reports on deposits of amyloid in the tongue in advanced stages of disease are well known.
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PMID:[Amyloidosis of the tongue as a possible diagnostic manifestation of plasmacytoma]. 1007 69


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