Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult T-cell leukemia associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is characterized by a clonal expansion of a CD4-positive subset of T lymphocytes that constitutively express high numbers of interleukin-2 receptors and that frequently infiltrate the skin; osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, we measured the level of soluble Tac peptide, one chain of the human interleukin-2 receptor, in the serum of 50 patients with adult T-cell leukemia (38 Japanese and 12 American patients), 8 patients with other hematologic malignancies, 8 asymptomatic HTLV-I-antibody-positive carriers, and 17 normal controls. The serum level of soluble Tac peptide (geometric mean U/mL, 95% CI) was elevated at presentation in all patients with adult T-cell leukemia (16,461; 819 to 330,896) when compared with normal controls (238; 112 to 502), patients with other hematologic malignancies (1302; 475 to 3569), and healthy HTLV-I antibody-positive carriers (490; 115 to 2086). The highest levels were seen in patients (n = 33) with acute (32,154; 2587 to 399,598) compared with chronic (5464; 661 to 45,156) disease (n = 14). Serum levels of Tac peptide also tended to be more elevated in patients with adult T-cell leukemia with hypercalcemia (32,072; 2461 to 417,908) compared with normocalcemic patients (13,885; 496 to 388,436). Serial measurements of soluble Tac peptide levels in serum were done in four patients with adult T-cell leukemia during chemotherapy and the levels reflected disease activity. These observations suggest that the measurement of soluble Tac peptide levels in patients with adult T-cell leukemia is useful as a noninvasive measure of tumor burden and will help in the diagnosis of the disease and management of these patients.
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PMID:Elevated serum levels of soluble Tac peptide in adult T-cell leukemia: correlation with clinical status during chemotherapy. 289 10

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus Type I (HTLV-I)-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a relatively new clinical entity. The disease is endemic in southwestern Japan, the Caribbean basin, the southeastern United States and Africa. We report the identification of this disease in Israel and review previous cases of HTLV-I infection and ATL in this region. The disease was initially indolent and later clinically aggressive, characterized by hypercalcemia, osteolytic bone lesions, leukemic skin and organ infiltration and opportunistic infection.
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PMID:HTLV-I-associated T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Israel. 290 Aug 23

Fifteen patients with lymphoma and hypercalcemia (greater than or equal to 11.0 mg/dL) were identified by screening the serum chemistry profile obtained from patients upon admission to the Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center. Seven of the 15 (47%) possessed a frankly elevated serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2-D]. An additional patient with severe hypercalcemia (16.2 mg/dL) had a serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentration in the midnormal range, not a suppressed value. To examine the potential existence of hypercalciuria in absence of overt hypercalcemia, prospective screening of 23 normocalcemic patients with lymphoma was undertaken. Four of the 23 patients (17%) had increased fractional urinary calcium excretion rates (0.35 +/- 0.3 mg calcium/100 mL glomerular filtrate [GF], mean +/- SE; normal, less than 0.16 mg/100 mL GF); two of the hypercalciuric patients had a frankly elevated serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentration. Of the 19 hypercalcemic/hypercalciuric lymphoma patients identified, none had an elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration. Fourteen of the 19 hypercalcemic/hypercalciuric patients (74%) suffered from B-cell neoplasms, three had Hodgkin's lymphoma, and two had adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. All hypercalcemic/hypercalciuric patients had widespread disease (stage III or IV). Six patients, four with hypercalcemia and two with hypercalciuria, had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These data suggest that the deregulated synthesis of a 1,25-(OH)2-D-like metabolite is a common cause of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria in patients with lymphoma including patients with AIDS-associated tumors.
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PMID:Vitamin D metabolite-mediated hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria patients with AIDS- and non-AIDS-associated lymphoma. 291 Mar 61

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a recently described distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by a leukemic or lymphomatous proliferation of hyperlobulated peripheral T-cells, which is usually widespread at presentation and is associated with infection by a type C retrovirus. ATLL rarely is described outside of endemic regions, which include southwestern Japan, the Caribbean region, and the southeastern United States. The authors report the clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of two cases of nonendemic ATLL that occurred in patients from the midwest United States. One patient was a 16-year-old white girl from rural Iowa, and the other was a 46-year-old white man from rural Minnesota. The features of 13 other probable nonendemic ATLL cases from the United States were compiled and reviewed. In the United States, nonendemic ATLL occurred in widespread geographic locations, affected mostly white people, and was characterized by an aggressive course with generalized adenopathy, blood and bone marrow involvement, and hepatosplenomegaly at presentation. Skin involvement was present in one-fourth of the patients. Hypercalcemia was rare. Although antibodies to type C retrovirus were detected in three of the five patients tested, the available data is not sufficient to establish a conclusive association between nonendemic ATLL and type C retrovirus infection.
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PMID:Nonendemic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States: report of two cases and review of the literature. 298 66

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus I can transform mature T-lymphocytes in vitro and is associated with the human T-cell cancer, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a distinct clinicopathological entity associated with leukemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, skin lesions, hypercalcemia, and lytic bone lesions. Although morphologically diverse it pursues an aggressive clinical course. Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus III is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which in its early stages shows follicular lymphoid hyperplasia; however, lymphoid atrophy is progressive and ultimately results in virtually total lymphoid depletion of lymph nodes. Patients with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus III infections appear to have an increased risk of high-grade B-cell lymphomas and perhaps Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Lymph node pathology of HTLV and HTLV-associated neoplasms. 299 Jul 5

Two patients with T-cell malignancy having radiographic manifestations of generalized and localized bone demineralization are reported. One, a 53-year-old man, had marked osteoporosis and severe hypercalcemia, but no clinical evidence of leukemia throughout his illness. At autopsy there was no definite evidence of bone involvement. Histologic proof was obtained from abdominal skin which revealed "adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)." The second case, a 33-year-old man, complained of arthralgia in his hands and feet; radiographs showed severe localized demineralization and pathologic fractures. Specimens of his peripheral blood, cervical lymph nodes, and bone marrow revealed ATLL cells.
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PMID:"Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma" with bone demineralization. 299 37

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a newly described clinical entity characterized by the abrupt onset of cutaneous manifestations, hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy, and pleomorphic lobulated T cells found in the peripheral blood. The vast majority of cases reported in the United States have emphasized the rapid onset and fulminant course of the disease, which is unresponsive to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens. A smoldering form of this disease characterized by long duration of skin involvement has recently been described primarily in Japan. We describe a case of "smoldering" human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I disease in a patient from the United States.
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PMID:Smoldering HTLV-associated T-cell leukemia. 300 Mar 5

Virus associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which includes both adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and its non-leukemic counterpart (NLATL) was studied clinically, histologically, and immunologically. The disease usually occurred in the sixth decade in both sexes equally. The patients had a rapid clinical course with frequent leukemic changes, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and occasional skin rash. Bone marrow involvement with mild infiltration and hypercalcemia were more frequent in ATL than in NLATL. Histologically the disease was categorized as malignant lymphoma, diffuse pleomorphic type with cerebriform nuclear giant cells. The lymphoma was characterized by diffuse proliferation of tumor cells with irregular nuclear configurations, varying in size and shape, and the presence of giant cells with highly convoluted cerebriform nuclei. The giant cells seemed to be a diagnostic marker. Immunologically, the tumor cells usually possessed the surface antigens recognized by OKT 3, 4, Leu 8 and anti-Tac antibodies, indicating that they were lymphomas of helper/inducer peripheral T-cells with the receptor for interleukin 2, but they demonstrated no helper/inducer functions. The patients often died of opportunistic infections due to T-cell dysfunction caused by the disease itself and strong chemotherapy.
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PMID:Virus associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in Japan: clinical, histological and immunological studies. 300 99

We describe five patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) with neither integration of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) into their leukemia cells nor anti-HTLV-I antibody in their sera. These findings indicate that HTLV-I may not have been involved in leukemogenesis in these patients. The clinicohematological, cytopathological, and immunological features of HTLV-I-negative ATL were exactly the same as those of HTLV-I-associated ATL. Leukemia cells with pleomorphic nuclei, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, skin lesions, hypercalcemia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, all of which are characteristic features of typical ATL, were also seen in these patients with HTLV-I-negative ATL. Leukemia cells expressed T3, T4, and pan-T-cell antigens in three cases, and T3 and pan-T-cell antigens in two. All five patients had lived in ATL-nonendemic areas. The finding of HTLV-I-negative ATL suggests that factor(s) other than HTLV-I infection may be involved in ATL leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma not associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I. 301 71

Two HTLV-I associated adult T cell leukemia cases were observed in patient from Martinique (French West Indies). These case are similar to the clinical entity, described by Takatsuki in 1977 in Japan and by Catovsky in Caribbean patients, characterized by a lymphadenopathy, skin lesions and visceral involvement, hypercalcemia, an aggressive course, and poor prognosis. The malignant cells with T4 phenotype and often suppressive function, were pleomorphic, mature, with prominent nuclear irregularities. Systematic research of HTLV-I virus or antibodies in patients with this clinical picture, to measure the influence of this virus in T cell lymphoproliferative diseases in France and in French West Indies is required.
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PMID:[Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia associated with HTLV-I virus in Martinique: apropos of 2 cases]. 301 39


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