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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute renal failure is a severe and frequent complication of rhabdomyolysis. During the early polyuric phase, hypercalcemia is observed in around 30% of cases. The principal mechanism is the liberation of calcium from areas of muscular necrosis. Two cases of toxic rhabdomyolysis with secondary hypercalcemia are described.
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PMID:[Rhabdomyolysis, acute renal insufficiency and hypercalcemia]. 164 14

The authors report a case of osteitis fibrosa cystica of the cervical spine with spinal cord and root compression. Histological diagnosis was made in the post-surgical phase during which acute renal failure and hypercalcemia developed; a parathyroid nodule was found and subsequently excised.
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PMID:[Recklinhausen brown tumor of the cervical spine disclosing primary hyperparathyroidism]. 178 18

A forty-two years old male underwent an aortic arch replacement for an emergency treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm (DeBakey type I). Separate cardiopulmonary bypass was used with main arterial inflow cannula inserted to right femoral artery. After the operation, ischemia of the right lower extremity led to acute renal failure due to myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome. Peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration were performed. Renal failure improved gradually. At the diuretic phase serum calcium concentration began to rise. Inspite of large amount of fluid and furosemide injection it became higher and finally reached to 20 mg/dl level. Calcitonin injection (320 mu/day) was very effective. In 2 months after surgery serum creatinine and calcium concentrations went down to normal range. Abnormalities in calcium metabolism are frequent in rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. However, it is rare to encounter such a remarkable hypercalcemia as seen in this patient. When treating MNMS we should pay attention to the changes of serum calcium concentration.
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PMID:[Dissecting aortic aneurysm associated with myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome and hypercalcemia]. 202 21

We selected 37 cases, followed-up for more than 36 months or until death, from a series of 45 patients affected by acute renal failure due to multiple myeloma in order to identify the parameters that could allow the outcome to be predicted. The patients were allocated to group 1, consisting of 27 patients who died within one year and to group 2, consisting of 10 patients who survived for more than 36 months. Renal failure was severe enough to require dialysis in 28 patients, 16 of whom were oliguric. Renal biopsy was performed in 23 cases, whereas light chain isoelectric point and serum beta 2-microglobulin levels were evaluated in each patient. All the patients underwent chemotherapy, which was associated with plasma exchange in 16 patients. Statistical analysis of the potential prognostic factors in the 2 groups showed that the incidence of hypercalcemia, infection, irreversible renal failure and severe tubulo-interstitial damage was significantly higher in group 1. Sex, tumor load, severity of renal failure and light chain isoelectric point had no prognostic significance. Finally, the number of patients treated by plasma exchange was significantly higher in group 2. Our results underline the prognostic role of both hypercalcemia and infection and justify aggressive treatment consisting of chemotherapy, plasma exchange and dialysis, even in cases of severe renal failure and high tumor load.
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PMID:Long-term survival patients with acute and severe renal failure due to multiple myeloma. 207 67

Plasma calcium regulation in uranyl nitrate-treated dogs was studied. A discrete hypercalcemia was observed without significant changes in the level of plasma ionized calcium. Serum phosphate increased markedly following uranyl nitrate treatment. A sharp rise of iPTH was demonstrated. Uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in dogs was found to be a useful model for studying the mechanisms regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism.
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PMID:Calcium and phosphate metabolism in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure. 244 85

The major causes of renal insufficiency, present initially in half of the patients with multiple myeloma, are "myeloma kidney" and hypercalcemia. There is no reliable evidence that the isoelectric point (pI) or the type of light chain has an important role in renal failure. Acute renal failure must be treated vigorously with appropriate fluids and electrolytes as well as hemodialysis if necessary. The benefit of plasma exchange has not been proven. Primary systemic amyloidosis or light-chain deposition disease is the usual cause of the nephrotic syndrome in patients with monoclonal gammopathy. The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders that are characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells producing a homogeneous, monoclonal protein (M-protein).
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PMID:Monoclonal gammopathies and the kidney. 249 46

A 35-year-old man presenting with severe watery diarrhea was diagnosed as having the watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome with the elevation of plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level. Imaging diagnostic techniques revealed a hypervascular tumor at the tail of the pancreas as well as a solitary liver metastasis. During the patient's stay in hospital, he developed acute renal failure probably due to persistent dehydration and severe hypokalemia. Although these complications improved with artificial dialyses, severe watery diarrhea continued, which made it difficult to achieve surgical resection of the tumor. A new long-acting and potent somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995 (Sandoz Ltd, Basel, Switzerland), was tested and was shown to be effective; after a few hours of subcutaneous injection of this agent, the watery diarrhea disappeared, which in turn improved the patient's hypokalemia, hypercalcemia and metabolic acidosis. Three weeks later, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and hepatic lobectomy were successfully performed, and the patient resumed his normal life. The somatostatin analogue has been reported to be useful in the long-term treatment of patients with inoperable WDHA syndrome. The present case demonstrated that short-term administration of this agent is also useful for improving the condition of WDHA patients at the preoperative stage.
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PMID:A case of the watery diarrhea-hypokalemia-achlorhydria syndrome: successful preoperative treatment of watery diarrhea with a somatostatin analogue. 255 28

A 60-year-old man born in Okinawa was admitted to our hospital because of epigastralgia. Physical examination revealed general lymphadenopathy, mild hepatomegaly and skin eruption. The peripheral blood leukocyte count was 168,600/microliters, with 93% abnormal lymphocytes showing convoluted or lobulated nuclei. Anti HTLV-1 antibody was positive with titer of 1: 1280 (PA). Leukemic cells had typical ATL cells' surface markers (OKT3; 97.2%, T4; 93.3%, T8; 2.8%, OKIA1; 39.6%, IL-2R; 41.8%) and complete monoclonal HTLV-1 provirus DNA. Endoscopic examination with biopsy revealed massive involvement of ATL cells into gastric mucosa. In the course of the treatment, he had extremely massive melena, and was saved by emergency operation. Multiple ulcers were found in the resected colon. Histological examination showed the marked infiltration of the ATL cells into the mucous or submucous membrane. Thereafter, he was treated well with ALG (Anti Lymphocyte Globulin), until hypercalcemia occurred. He died of acute renal failure after hypercalcemia.
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PMID:[Adult T-cell leukemia with massive melena due to marked gastrointestinal involvement]. 259 52

Medical emergencies due to severe hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are relatively rare in clinical practice. 89 cases of hypercalcaemia were seen during 1975-1987 and 16 presented as medical emergencies; renal colic (7) acute renal failure (3), spontaneous fractures (3), acute pancreatitis (1), cardiac arrhythmia (1) and acute hypercalcaemic crisis resulting in death (1). 81 cases of severe hypocalcaemia were seen during the same period. 22 presented initially as epileptic seizures with one ending fatally due to status epilepticus. The other emergencies were severe laryngeal stridor and inability to speak (7), papilloedema (3) and acute behavioural disorder (4). A few illustrative cases have been briefly described.
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PMID:Medical emergencies associated with disorders of calcium homeostasis. 229 66

A 14-year-old patient presented with hypercalcaemia-induced acute renal failure. Investigation yielded a diagnosis of T-cell leukaemia. Chemotherapy resulted in complete remission, a return of serum calcium levels to normal and consequent improvement of renal function.
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PMID:Hypercalcaemia-induced acute renal failure as a presenting feature of T-cell leukaemia. 288 9


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