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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 17-year-old girl was immobilized in traction for 3 months and in a spica cast for 6 weeks for fractures of the femur and pelvis. Seven weeks after injury and after her acute renal failure had resolved, serum calcium rose and remained elevated for the duration of her immobilization. Conservative treatment by hydration, diuresis, and later tilttable therapy failed to relieve her hypercalcemia. Only after mobilization did the serum calcium levels return to normal and the symptoms abate. Administration of recently developed medical methods of management of hypercalcemia may have prevented this complication.
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PMID:Immobilization hypercalcemia: a case report and review of the literature. 13 82

The clinical course in two patients with acute renal failure and focal calcifications of skeletal muscle are reported. In the first case renal failure was due to a hypovolemia or shock combined with supercooling and alcoholic intoxication. In the second case a rhabdomyolytic crisis with myoglobinuria occurred. This patient was known to have a McArdle disease. Dialysis treatment was necessary in both cases in order to overcome the oligoanuric phase. Biopsy specimens from biceps muscle showed intense calcium deposits within the necrotic muscle fibres. In the beginning of oliguria remarkable hypocalcemia occurred followed by hypercalcemia. During the polyuric phase which was accompanied by hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria the calcium deposits disappeared completely. This could be demonstrated in our first case by a control biopsy.
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PMID:[Reversible calcification of skeletal muscles in acute renal failure (author's transl)]. 28 Jul 30

Six patients with biopsy-proven renal sarcoidosis presented with renal failure of unknown origin; in none was the diagnosis of sarcoidosis initially considered. The serum creatinine concentration at the time of presentation ranged from 265 to 1380 mumol/l (3.0 to 15.6 mg/dl), with a mean of 787 mumol/l (8.9 mg/dl). Although only two patients were hypercalcemic at the time of presentation, the 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was increased in three of the four patients in whom it was measured, and renal calculi were present in one case. Renal biopsy revealed interstitial nephritis and tubular atrophy in all cases, as well as nephrocalcinosis in three cases and noncaseating granulomas negative for acid-fast bacilli in four cases. In each patient steroid therapy led to a rapid improvement in renal function (mean post-treatment serum creatinine level 274 mumol/l [3.1 mg/dl]). The follow-up period ranged from 8 months to 8 years (mean 3.0 years). In three patients renal function remained stable with low-dose steroid therapy. In two cases recurrent hypercalcemia and deteriorating renal function accompanied steroid withdrawal but resolved with its reinstitution. In one additional case reversible deterioration in renal function accompanied tapering of the steroid dose; however, there was no hypercalcemia.This report emphasizes the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure of unknown origin. Long-term follow-up of such patients is essential, as relapse is common.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological features of six cases of sarcoidosis presenting with renal failure. 51 62

Previous nuclear disease was found twice: Mc Ardle disease, dermatomyositis. Causative factors were: strenous exercise, hyperthermia, intoxication, influenza. Myalgias and/or myoedema was recorded in ten cases, associated with an hypovolemia of variable severity in eight. Oligo-anuria was observed in eight cases. The acute renal failure (ARF) was characterized by an increase in the serum creatinin more important than the rise in the blood urea and, in some cases, severe metabolic disturbances: hyperkaliema (6 cases), hypocalcemia (5 cases), hyperphosphatemia (5 cases) and hyperuricemia (5 cases). Diagnosis was made by the increase in sera of the muscles enzymes, specially the CPK and the search for myoglobinuria, positive during the first seven days. A complete recovery of renal function was observed in the nine survivors with a transient and moderate hypercalcemia in three. Three patients had persistant neuro-muscular deficiencies. Non traumatic rhabdomyolysis is not a rare cause of ARF and should be considered when the etiology of ARF is uncertain.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure due to non traumatic rhabdomyolysis. 11 cases (author's transl)]. 53 Sep 46

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), creatinine, calcium and phosphate blood levels were repeatedly measured in 5 patients with acute renal failure. 1 patient developed hypercalcemia during the recovery phase of the illness. PTH was elevated in all cases before starting hemodialysis treatment and returned to normal when renal function recovered. Calcium and PTH were inversely correlated in 3 patients including the patient with transient hypercalcemia. These data show that parathyroid function in acute renal failure is closely related to changes in renal function and the hypercalcemia, when occurring, is not necessarily due to parathyroid hyperactivity.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone and calcium blood levels in acute renal failure. With special reference to one patient developing transient hypercalcemia. 63 17

Acute renal failure may be a contributory cause of death in patients with acute leukemia. The purpose of this study was to define the causes and course of acute renal failure in group of patients with acute leukemia in order to identify preventive measures and reversible aspects of the renal insufficiency. Among 88 patients with acute leukemia whose courses were followed to the time of death, ten developed acute renal failure. Etiologic factors of the renal failure were uric acid nephropathy, sepsis with complicating hypotension and hypovolemia, and the administration of nephrotoxic antibiotics. In one patient ureteral obstruction from clots was responsible for renal failure, while in another patient disseminated aspergillosis led to renal failure. Other causes of acute renal failure in persons with acute leukemia, but not observed in this patient group, are hypercalcemia and leukemic infiltration of the kidneys.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in patients with acute leukemia. 63 12

Two patients with transient hypercalcaemia during recovery from acute renal failure are described. The literature is reviewed and possible pathophysiological mechanisms discussed. Patients with renal failure following muscle damage should have regular measurement of plasma calcium.
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PMID:Transient hypercalcaemia following acute renal failure. 87 19

Hypocalcemia is a frequent accompaniment of acute renal failure, but paradoxically hypercalcemia also has been described in association with acute renal failure. In this paper we describe two patients who provide some insights into both the potential clinical importance and mechanism of the hypercalcemia associated with acute renal failure. The clinical significance is emphasized by the presence of diffuse metastatic calcification observed at postmortem examination in one patient. In both patients the increase in serum calcium concentration was not coincident with a decrease in serum phosphorus concentration; when measured in one patient, serum levels of parathyroid hormone were undetectable. These findings, along with the consistent association with rhabdomyolosis, support the proposal that the hypercalcemia of acute renal failure is caused by dissolution of dystrophic calcifications in traumatized muscle and may lead to severe metastatic calcifications.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia of acute renal failure. Clinical significance and pathogenesis. 93 62

Twenty-one patients developed acute renal failure in association with nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. The illness followed an overdose of ethanol, heroin, or other depressant drug in 18 patients. Lethargy or coma was present in 17 patients and muscle swelling in 11. Evidence of rhabdomyolysis included markedly elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria, and aldolase in blood. Initial biochemical findings were similar to those of acute renal failure due to other causes, but the abnormalities were exaggerated. There was a disproportionate rise in serum creatinine concentration in relation to serum urea nitrogen concentration. Profound hyperuricemia was present in most patients. Transient hypercalcemia developed during the diuretic phase in 5 patients. One patient died. We conclude that nontraumatic myoglobinuria with acute renal failure is not infrequent and may occur after an overdose of ethanol or heroin. The disease has good prognosis despite severe hypercatbolism and untreated profound hyperuricemia.
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PMID:Acute renal failure due to nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. 93 19

Hypercalcemia developed during the polyuric phase of acute renal failure in a patient with crush injury. The hypercalcemia persisted for one week, with a maximal serum calcium level of 13.1 mg/dl. Possible mechanisms for the hypercalcemia are discussed, with emphasis on the combined effect of extensive tissue damage and acute renal failure.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia during the polyuric stage of acute renal failure. 101 34


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