Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty patients were followed-up for an average of 3 years after treatment for urinary bladder calculi. In 10 of these (20%) altogether 20 metabolic or endocrine diagnoses were revealed at follow-up: hypercalcaemia, 8; hyperuricosaemia, 4; high parathormone, 3; hyperuricosuria, 2; hypercalciuria, 2: hyperoxaluria, 1. About half of the patients also had other diagnoses, dominated by outflow obstruction at the prostatic level, followed by neurogenic bladder disorder. Fifteen had developed new bladder calculi. Urography revealed upper tract calculi in 12 patients, but 11 of these were free from metabolic disorder. Significant bacteriuria was common (24%). Our conclusion is that a follow-up is to be recommended after treatment of bladder calculi. It should include cystoscopy and screening for endocrine/metabolic disorders.
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PMID:Follow-up of patients treated for urinary bladder calculi. 222 95

We report results for adjusted ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) and actual ionized calcium (at actual pH) in capillary blood from 183 patients with disorders of calcium metabolism (primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism of malabsorption, primary hypoparathyroidism, Paget's disease, acromegaly, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteoporosis, sarcoidosis, idiopathic hypercalciuria, and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia). The correlation and the equation for the linear regression between adjusted ionized calcium (y) and actual ionized calcium (x) were y = 1.011x + 0.005 mmol/L, r = 0.992, Sy,x = 0.021 mmol/L. Results were similar within each diagnostic group. Consistent agreement between adjusted and ionized calcium was observed in 96.7% of patients representing a variety of the most frequently encountered disorders of calcium metabolism. Thus we find adjusted ionized calcium to be as useful as actual ionized calcium for evaluation of patients with such disorders. Adjusted ionized calcium may therefore also be a logical choice for establishing agreement between laboratories for reference intervals in healthy adults.
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PMID:Adjusted ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) and actual ionized calcium (at actual pH) in capillary blood compared for clinical evaluation of patients with disorders of calcium metabolism. 231 Dec 30

The long-term safety and efficacy of synthetic 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol; Rocaltrol) in the treatment of women with type 1 osteoporosis is being assessed in a randomized trial. Patients were allocated in double-blind fashion to 1,25-(OH)2D3 or matching placebo. Initially, the calcium intake was adjusted to 1,000 mg/d. The study protocol called for increasing the dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 until patients developed either hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. However, in order to maintain a higher dose of calcitriol on a long-term basis, the calcium intake had to be reduced to 600 mg/d in those receiving calcitriol; if that was not successful in eliminating hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, then the dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was reduced as necessary. During the hypercalcemic phase, the indices of bone resorption decreased significantly, demonstrating that calcium absorption is solely responsible for hypercalcemia. The maintenance dose was established after 8 to 10 weeks, and the 24-hour urine calcium and creatinine clearance remained constant throughout the remainder of the study period. On a calcium intake of 600 mg/d, the long-term maintenance dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 averaged 0.675 micrograms/d. Long-term therapy on an average dose of 0.675 micrograms/d was not associated with nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of synthetic calcitriol (Rocaltrol) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 232 68

In order to assess the long-term effects of calcitriol treatment in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, 1.0 micrograms/d of calcitriol was administered in two divided doses for 1 to 8 years to 270 women with symptomatic, histologically proven postmenopausal osteoporosis. No calcium supplementation was given. Clinically, the treatment resulted in substantial relief from pain, with improvement of ambulancy. Intestinal calcium absorption, which was lower than normal at baseline, increased significantly and remained higher than the baseline value as long as calcitriol was administered. Urinary calcium absorption also increased, but hypercalcemia occurred, exceptionally and transiently, in only a few patients. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion did not increase, indicating that hypercalciuria was not of resorptive origin. Total-body density, determined by dual-photon total-body absorptiometry in 56 patients, showed an increase after 18 to 24 months of therapy in most cases. The occurrence of nontraumatic, clinically relevant fractures decreased noticeably as compared with the period preceding calcitriol treatment. No change occurred in renal function, and no renal stones developed. Calcitriol was an effective and safe treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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PMID:Long-term treatment with calcitriol in postmenopausal osteoporosis. 232 71

Recent data have shown that administration of prostaglandin inhibitors to patients with hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis decreased urinary calcium excretion, implying a possible role for prostaglandins in calcium excretion. To explore this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of single dose or 7 days' administrations of aspirin (100 mg/kg orally) or indomethacin (20 mg/kg, orally) on the urinary and serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate. Experiments were performed in normocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic rats. Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria were induced in male Wistar albino rats by administration of vitamin D3 (20,000 IU/daily) for 7 days. Aspirin and indomethacin both significantly lowered the urinary calcium excretion in normocalciuric and hypercalciuric rats. The acute administration of indomethacin caused greater reduction of calcium excretion than that produced by the acute administration of aspirin, whereas aspirin showed greater activity than indomethacin after the long-term use of each. Aspirin induced hypocalcaemia in normocalcaemic rats and abolished the hypercalcaemia in hypercalcaemic rats. On the contrary, indomethacin, a specific prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor, increased serum levels of calcium. Hypophosphataemia was observed only after the administration of a single dose of aspirin in normocalcaemic rats, while the reduction of urinary phosphate excretion was investigated in hypercalciuric rats after the acute and chronic administration of indomethacin. Serum levels of phosphate were not altered significantly by acute or chronic administration of indomethacin. A single dose of indomethacin significantly reduced urinary excretion of magnesium in both groups of rats. However, the acute and chronic administration of aspirin resulted in non-significant changes in serum and urinary concentrations of magnesium. These data suggest that aspirin has hypocalcaemic and hypocalciuric actions while indomethacin has only a hypocalciuric effect. Aspirin may produce these actions by two mechanisms, one of them like that of indomethacin which is dependent on the inhibition of biosynthesis of prostaglandins, and another possible mechanism that is not related to the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. This suggestion may be supported by the discrepancy between the effects of aspirin and indomethacin on the renal handling and serum concentrations of magnesium and inorganic phosphate.
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PMID:Effect of aspirin and indomethacin on the serum and urinary calcium, magnesium and phosphate. 233 Mar 39

One hundred and twenty-five cases of biopsy proven sarcoidosis have been found during a prospective study since 1972 in Calcutta, Eastern India. The presentation, clinical course and radiological features are considerably different from those seen in the West. Elderly males over 40 years are more prone. Low grade fever, cough, dyspnoea, arthralgia are common symptoms while hepatosplenomegaly, hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria and hyperglobulinaemia are frequent signs. Nearly 60% are MT negative (up to 100 TU). Serum angiotensin converting enzyme and high lymphocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are usual findings in active disease. Chest X-ray usually shows mottled opacities or fibrosis in 60% cases. Clinico-radiological dissociation (i.e. remarkable dissociation between the alarming-looking chest X-ray and scanty physical signs and symptoms in chest) was a very remarkable feature in this series. Treatment with oral steroid or steroid aerosol with oxyphenbutazone and chloroquine give equally good results initially. However, most cases tend to relapse inspite of adequate initial treatment. The pattern of the disease is similar almost all over India with minor regional differences like more erythema nodosum and eye involvement in Chandigarh in the extreme north (which could also have been due to case selection). The pattern from Northern India (Delhi) and Western India is nearly similar to our figures.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis in India: a review of 125 biopsy-proven cases from eastern India. 234 18

Carbetimer (carboxyimamidate) is a low molecular weight derivative of ethylene/maleic anhydride polymer. This compound has demonstrated antitumor activity against several animal models with a daily x 5 schedule appearing most effective. A phase I clinical study of the daily x 5 schedule repeated every 28 days was therefore performed. Forty-one evaluable patients received 66 evaluable cycles of Carbetimer at daily doses ranging from 100-11,000 mg/m2. Hypercalcemia was the dose limiting toxicity with both patients at the 11,000 mg/m2 daily dose level and one patient who received 6 cycles of drug at the 4200 mg/m2 dose level developing severe hypercalcemia not explained by the underlying malignancy. Mild nausea, concentration and rate dependent arm pain at the site of infusion, proteinuria, and coagulopathy were also seen. Calcium balance studies revealed hypercalciuria, suggesting increased mobilization of calcium rather than renal retention. In vitro coagulation studies revealed concentration dependent prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. No complete or partial responses were seen. However mixed response or biochemical response (reduction in serum lactic dehydrogenase) were seen in 5 patients with melanoma or renal cancer. Due to unacceptable toxicity at the 11,000 mg/m2 daily dose level, Carbetimer 8500 mg/m2 is the recommended dose for a 5-day treatment schedule every 28 days. Special attention should be directed toward possible activity against melanoma and renal cancer.
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PMID:Phase I trial of a 5-day course of carbetimer. 238 16

We investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3) on cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes from patients with psoriasis and treated 17 patients with psoriasis with orally or topically administered 1,25-(OH)2-D3. Cultured fibroblasts from three of five patients showed a normal response to the antiproliferative activity of a physiologic dose of 1,25-(OH)2-D3, whereas fibroblasts from the other two had a partial resistance to the drug. Cultured keratinocytes from two patients with psoriasis possessed nuclear receptors for 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and the drug caused a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and induction of terminal differentiation of these cells similar to effects in normal cultured keratinocytes. Ten of 14 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who received oral 1,25-(OH)2-D3 showed significant clearing of their hyperkeratotic plaques. Three patients had complete clearing that was sustained with maintenance therapy, but four patients received little or no benefit from the therapy. By the administration of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 as a single oral dose at bedtime, larger doses of the drug could be tolerated without evidence of hypercalciuria or hypercalcemia. Three patients who received topical 1,25-(OH)2-D3 showed a rapid response with complete clearing after 6 weeks of therapy. Therefore, these preliminary findings suggest that orally or topically administered 1,25-(OH)2-D3 may be a safe and effective alternative therapy for the treatment of psoriasis.
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PMID:A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Oral or topical use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis. 245 66

X-Ray signs of hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy (HPOT) have been singled out in analysis of roentgenograms of 86 patients. Hypercalcemia has been detected in 76 +/- 5% of patients presenting an x-ray picture of HPOT, hypophosphatemia has been diagnosed in 66 +/- 5%, hypercalciuria in 72 +/- 6%, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in 67 +/- 7%. Studies of the P-Ca metabolism should be carried out repeatedly over the course of hyperparathyrosis. Combined analysis of laboratory and x-ray findings will help improve the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HPOT.
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PMID:[A comparative study of laboratory and x-ray data in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy]. 247 66

The occurrence of acetylation phenotype has been studied in 76 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism. In 23 of these patients having the "fast" and in 42 having the "slow" acetylation phenotype the selected parameters of calcium-phosphate metabolism have been determined before, during and after propranolol therapy lasting six days. Propranolol was administered at a dose of 160 milligrams daily. A significant decrease in the blood serum level of calcium and urinary calcium excretion following propranolol administration was found only in patients with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was observed in all the patients with hyperthyroidism treated with propranolol. The effect of propranolol on the measured parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism was similar in hyperthyroid patients with both "fast" and "slow" acetylation phenotypes, what suggests that it does not depend on the N-acetyltransferase activity.
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PMID:[Acetylation phenotype and the changes in selected indicators of calcium-phosphate metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism treated with propranolol]. 248 31


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