Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of dialysis in the treatment of patients with severe hypercalcemia is uncertain. The fourteen previously reported cases of hypercalcemia treated with either peritoneal or hemodialysis have been reviewed. Two additional patients treated with hemodialysis are described in this report. Because the use of large volumes of intravenous fluids was contraindicated, each of the patients received a low calcium bath (0-1 mEq calcium per liter) hemodialysis for three and a half hours. After dialysis, the serum calcium fell to normal in both and remained normal thereafter with treatment of the underlying disease (multiple myeloma in one and vitamin D intoxication in the other). Hemodialysis can clear up to 682 mg of calcium per hour as compared to 124 mg per hour for peritoneal dialysis and 82 mg per hour with forced saline diuresis. Low calcium bath hemodialysis is indicated when the presence of renal and/or cardiac failure prevents the administration of large volumes of intravenous fluids to hypercalcemic patients.
 ...
PMID:Role of dialysis in the treatment of severe hypercalcemia: report of two cases successfully treated with hemodialysis and review of the literature. 16 Aug 52

A test was developed to diagnose various forms of hypercalciuria. A two-hour urine sample after an overnight fast and a four-hour urine sample after 1 g of calcium by mouth were tested for calcium, cyclic AMP and creatinine. The 24 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria had normocalcemia and normal fasting urinary calcium (less than 0.11 mg per milligram of urinary creatnine). Urinary calcium was high (greater than or equal to 0.2 mg per milligram of creatinine) after a calcium load. Of the 28 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (resorptive hypercalciuria), 25 had hypercalcemia and 21 had high fasting urinary calcium. Urinary cyclic AMP, elevated in 30 per cent of fasting patients, was high (greater than 4.60 mu moles per gram of creatinine) in 82 per cent of cases after calcium load. Six patients with renal hypercalciuria had normocalcemia, high fasting urinary calcium, and high (greater than 6.86 mu moles per gram of creatinine) or high-normal fasting urinary cyclic AMP was normal. This simple test should facilitate the differentiation of various causes of hypercalciuria.
 ...
PMID:A simple test for the diagnosis of absorptive, resorptive and renal hypercalciurias. 16 60

The long-term effects of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC), were evaluated in 2 children with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. Serial total balance studies demonstrated an apparent lack of correlation between the effects of the vitamin on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and both the onset of healing in 1 of the 2 patients treated with 5,000 to 7,500 u of the metabolite and the absence of demonstrable radiologic improvement in another patient in whom the final dosage was 20,000 u. per day. At first, the metabolite induced a positive calcium balance in both patients resulting largely from a reduction in intestinal calcium excretion. Despite a continued positive calcium balance, 1 of the 2 patients did not demonstrate further healing, while in the other patient healing was noted even when total calcium balance was negative. Serum phosphate levels did not return to normal in either patient, nor was phosphate excretion altered by 25-HCC. Serum alkaline phosphatase remained elevated in both. Serum immunoassayable parathyroid hormone levels were consistently normal to high-normal in the 2 patients throughout more than 24 months of observation. No instances of hypercalcemia and only occasional hypercalciuric episodes were noted.
 ...
PMID:Long-term therapy of viramin D-resistant richets with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. 16 13

After removal of two large pancreactic insulinomas, although the presenting spontaneous hypoglycaemia was eliminated, severe and persisting haematemesis and melaena supervened with a rise in serum gastrin. The patient had multiple endocrine adenopathy (pituitary, parathyroids and islet cells), but no evidence of a pancreatic gastrin-producing tumour. After emergency gastric operation for the bleeding, the serum gastrin remained high until the hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism had been corrected by subtotal parathyroidectomy. Immunofluorescence studies showed gastrin in the parathyroid tissue.
 ...
PMID:Possible parathyroid origin of gastrin in a patient with multiple endocrine adenopathy type I. 16 52

The authors report two cases of multiple myeloma which were typical both clinically and in the laboratory but XRay examination, on the other hand, showed appearances of osteocondensation. In the first case, XRay showed both lesions of osteolysis in the cranial vault and homogeneous condensation of D11 and L1, together with the left iliac crest. In the other case, there was osteolysis of the acetabulum together with areas of osteocondensation distributed throughout the pelvis and upper ends of the femurs, with two areas of annular fibrosis circumscribing the area of osteolysis, finally, homogeneous condensation of the skull. In both cases, bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma showing both osteofibrosis and plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow. This also permitted the authors to note the absence of any myelofibrosis or metamorphic neo-osteogenesis. Illustrated by these two cases, condensing multiple myeloma is a rare entity, the special clinical characteristics of which reside in its fairly frequent coexistence with peripheral neuritis which is probably similar to a para-neoplastic syndrome. The radiological appearances are mainly of four types: 1) Focal areas of bony condensation. 2) Areas of annular fibrosis circumscribing osteolysis. 3) Appearances of radial spicules, or 4) Osteocondensation extending to a fairly large part of the skeleton. The laboratory signs are identical with those in other types of multiple myeloma with a few exceptions, such as, rareness of hypercalcemia, more frequent tendency to hypocalcemia, rise in alkaline phosphatase, in a few cases. Bone biopsy confirms the diagnosis. The osteofibrosis resulted here from thickening of the osteoid seams by laying down of successive layers of bony substance, irregularly calcified and, also secondarily, metamorphic neo-osteogenesis in a few rare cases which also included myelofibrosis.
 ...
PMID:[Myeloma and osteocondensation (apropos of 2 cases)]. 16 41

This review considers the most recent developments concerning the metabolism and homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus. The kinetics of the distribution of calcium, theories of calculus formation, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia are discussed, as well as the role of parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin and 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D(3) in maintaining calcium levels and skeletal integrity. In addition, the role of calcium in enzyme activation and inhibition, muscle and nerve function, and intracellular metabolism are considered.
 ...
PMID:Recent advances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. 16

Quantitative analysis of urinary cyclic AMP in phospho-calcic pathology. The authors describe a method measuring amounts of cyclic AMP. Normal daily elimination in urine was measured in a group of normal subjects. Elimination was found to be raised in two-thirds of the patients with primary hyperparathryroidism, normal in those with idiopathic hypercalcaemia and neoplastic hypercalcaemia, and subnormal in patients with hypoparathyroidism. The urinary excretion of cyclic AMP after perfusion of parathyroid hormone was very low in cases of pseudo-hypoparathyroidism compared with that in surgical hypoparathroid controls. The results are compared with data from the literature. The theoretical and diagnostic value of these quantitative analyses is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Determination of urinary cyclic AMP in phosphorus and calcium pathology]. 16 26

Urinary adenosine -3' ,5' - cyclic monophosphate was measured in 14 patients with hypercalcaemia not caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. Increased levels were found in patients with malignant disease without bone metastases and believed to be examples of paraendocrine syndrome. Decreased levels were found in patients with metastatic carcinoma involving bone, and in patients with multiple myeloma, lymphoma and immobilisation after fracture. Results obtained during treatment for hypercalaemia are described in three patients. In two hypercalcaemic patients (one with hyperthyroidism and one with breast cancer with bone metastases) normal levels were found. This measurement is a useful substitute for assay of serum parathyroid hormone and is of value in the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia, in monitoring effects of treatment and in revealing underlying mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Urinary cyclic AMP in diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia: studies of patients without primary hyperparathyroidism. 16 77

Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy. This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident parathyroid adenoma in one case. 17 Oct 50

The effect of hypercalcemia on renal handling of phosphorus was studied in parathyroidectomized rats during 1) extracellular volume expansion with normal saline (0.1 mg/100 g per min) and 2) parathyroid extract infusion (1 U/100 g per h). Hypercalcemia (serum calcium 12-15 mg/100 ml) blunted the phosphaturic response to volume expansion, both when serum calcium was raised acutely during volume expansion and when volume expansion was induced in rats with sustained hypercalcemia. These changes were not associated with significant variations in glomerular filtration rate and serum concentration of phosphorus. Hypercalcemia failed to alter the phosphaturic response and the increase in urinary cyclic AMP excretion following both continuous infusion and a single injection of parathyroid extract. These results are consistent with two components of tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. The first is suppressed by extracellular volume expansion and stimulated by hypercalcemia. The second is suppressed by parathyroid hormone and is not affected by hypercalcemia.
 ...
PMID:Effect of Ca++ on renal handling of PO4 identical to: evidence for two reabsorptive mechanisms. 17 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>