Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The plant Solanum malacoxylon is responsible for a syndrome of hypercalcemia, soft tissue mineralization, and progressive wasting in South American cattle known as enteque seco or espichamento. There is evidence that a glycoside of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is the active principle in the plant. The basis for the hyperostosis seen in the disease is unclear. To study the acute effects on bone formation rates, 8-week-old rats were given an aqueous extract equivalent to 250 or 1000 mg of Solanum daily per os for 7 days. Bones were labeled by injection of fluochrome 2 days before the start of treatment and 2 days prior to sacrifice. Morphometric evaluation of undecalcified sections of caudal vertebrae revealed an increased amount of trabecular bone in both Solanum treated groups with no difference due to dose level. This was associated with an increase in the bone apposition rate on trabecular surfaces. No differences were found in the amount of osteoid seam width. Periosteal apposition rate and endochondral bone formation were also measured and no significant differences found. The findings indicate that acute stimulation of cell level bone formation on trabecular surfaces may play a role in the hyperostosis seen in the naturally occurring condition.
 ...
PMID:Acute effects of Solanum malacoxylon on bone formation rates in growing rats. 11 37

Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) were subjected to hypercalcaemia by daily intramuscular injections of vitamin D2 (100,000 IU) and by providing them gram soaked in 1% CaCl2 solution for eating and 1% CaCl2 solution (prepared in tap water) for drinking. After 10, 15, 20 and 30 days of such treatment the serum calcium level recorded a rise (18.24 +/- 0.56, 26.20 +/- 1.30, 17.25 +/- 0.25 and 20.50 +/- 0.55 mg/dl respectively) as compared to those of control animals (12.80 +/- 1.00, 12.30 +/- 0.50, 12.70 +/- 0.20 and 12.30 +/- 0.30 mg/dl). Serial sections of thyroid parathyroid complex and isthmus were subjected to selective staining for lcalising the C cells. The structure and behaviour of these cells both under normal and experimental conditions has been studied. Hypercalcaemia resulted in the increase of these cells. Mitotic figures of the C cells were also encountered after 10 days of hypercalcaemia. The specimens subjected to 30 days treatment showed complete degranulation of these cells. Chronic hypercalcaemia inhibits the activity of parathyroid cells which display degenerative changes. The anterior and posterior poles, the peripheral regions of thyroid and isthmus are completely devoid of calcitonin cells.
 ...
PMID:Thyroid calcitonin cells and parathyroid gland of the Indian rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta in response to experimental hypercalcaemia. 11 36

Hypercalcemia and ectopic calcification were induced in 5 lambs by supplementing the diet with the dried leaves of the plant Cestrum diurnum, for 8 to 9 weeks. Lambs developed mineralization of blood vessels, heart, kidneys, and lungs. These tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. In the vascular tissue there was calcification of elastic fibers in the hyperplastic intima and the media, along with mineralization of mitochondria of aortic smooth muscle cells. Myocardial cells and their mitochondria were mineralized. In the kidney, there was calcification of the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules, Bowman's capsule, and the mesangial cells of the glomeruli. In the lung, there was mineralization of the alveolar septal walls and the bronchi and bronchioles. Feeding of the calcinogenic plant to lambs caused extensive soft tissue calcification. Results of the study indicated that degeneration was the early soft tissue lesion in this plant toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Ectopic calcification in lambs from feeding the plant Cestrum diurnum. 11 88

Ten children with Bartter's syndrome are described. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from three months to 15 years and there was an equal sex distribution. A wide spectrum of severity of clinical and biochemical features was found. Hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypercalcuria, nephrocalcinosis, rickets and urine acidification defects were seen in some patients. Two affected children were siblings. Six children were treated over periods of six to 24 months with indomethacin with remarkable clinical and biochemical improvement. Catch-up growth was demonstrated in all treated cases. Tolerance to indomethacin appeared to develop in some children. Only one serious complication was seen with this therapy, a duodenal ulcer in a child on high dosage. Of those children not treated with indomethacin, one died, one is now on indomethacin elsewhere and two are well without therapy.
 ...
PMID:Bartter's syndrome: 10 cases in childhood. Results of long-term indomethacin therapy. 12 May 50

Management of some diverse complications of plasma cell myeloma is reviewed with respect to prevention when possible and prompt treatment when necessary. A series of 102 patients from the Duke University Medical Center was surveyed to ascertain the approximate frequency with which renal failure, hypercalcemia, infection, hyperviscosity syndrome, and neurologic disorders occur. Selected patient studies and additional data from the literature emphasize aspects of these complications amenable to therapy aside from that directed at plasma cell growth.
 ...
PMID:Managing the complications of plasma cell myeloma. 12 91

The authors treated 17 patients with hypercalcaemia (which in 16 cases resulted from a malignant disease) by means of 1 to 3 daily perfusions of 25 g of mithramycin per kg body weight. In all patients the treatment resulted in reduction in the level of calcaemia. In 12 patients the level of calcaemia was reduced to less than 105 mg/litre; in 16 patients to less than 110 mg/litre. In no patient was the calcaemia reduced to less than 70 mg/litre. The only notable inconvenience of the treatment was vomiting during the perfusion. Mithramycin seems to be the treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia of cancerous origin.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of hypercalcemia with mithramycin]. 12 91

Twenty-nine patients with acute hypercalcemia secondary to carcinoma, myeloma and parathyroid adenoma have been treated with large doses of furosemide, mithramycin, or salmon calcitonin perfusion. With furosemide administration the treatment was successful in 6 of 10 patients. Furosemide was injected intravenously at the rate of 125 mg every 3 hours. With mithramycin perfusion only 2 of 8 patients have a return of the serum calcium levels to normal. With salmon thyrocalcitonin 3 of 10 patients obtained a good result. It can be interesting to suggest the association of furosemide and salmon calcitonin infusion to treat hypercalcemia of myeloma.
 ...
PMID:Furosemide, mithramycin, and salmon calcitonin in hypercalcemia. 13 Feb 39

Three patients are described who were examined with the bone-seeking substance 99mTc-E.H.D.P. The abnormalities discovered were ascribed to metastatic calcification in the lungs. The patients suffered from three quite different conditions, but in each there was hypercalcaemia. One patient had chronic renal insufficiency with secondary hyperparathyroidism, in the other cases the cause of the hypercalcaemia could not be determined. In one patient, it was possible to confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary calcinosis histologically. Previously published cases indicate that it is possible to demonstrate lung calcification by using Tc-phosphate compounds, particularly 99mTc-E.H.D.P. This is important, since it is often not possible to demonstrate it radiologically. It further demonstrates that the accumulation of 99mTc-E.H.D.P. is dependent on active bone metabolism.
 ...
PMID:[The diagnosis of pulmonary calcinosis by scintigraphy (author's transl)]. 13 Oct 61

Although hypercalcemia may be caused by extraparathyroid disease and controlled with various medications, acute hypercalcemic crisis is a surgical emergency. All nonperative measures are directed toward diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and preparation for operation. Parathyroidectomy is indicated even in the absence of definite evidence of a functioning parathyroid tumor in patients when nonoperative methods fail. Prompt medical therapy and timely surgical intervention will result in success in the vast majority of patients with hypercalcemic crises.
 ...
PMID:Acute hypercalcemic crisis. 13 13

A 17-year-old girl was immobilized in traction for 3 months and in a spica cast for 6 weeks for fractures of the femur and pelvis. Seven weeks after injury and after her acute renal failure had resolved, serum calcium rose and remained elevated for the duration of her immobilization. Conservative treatment by hydration, diuresis, and later tilttable therapy failed to relieve her hypercalcemia. Only after mobilization did the serum calcium levels return to normal and the symptoms abate. Administration of recently developed medical methods of management of hypercalcemia may have prevented this complication.
 ...
PMID:Immobilization hypercalcemia: a case report and review of the literature. 13 82


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>