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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Specific high affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are present in several human breast cancer cell lines, and this hormone can regulate the replication of these cells. These receptors are also present in primary breast carcinomas. The present study has resulted from the follow-up for up to 68 mo of 263 women, who had had 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor (1,25-DR) levels measured in their primary tumors. Survival data on 191 women were correlated with the levels of 1,25-DR and other steroid hormone receptors, menopausal status, and age by life table analysis. Survival was not affected by 1,25-DR level in either absolute terms or relative levels. However, the late development of lymph node metastases in eight of 47 individuals was correlated with the 1,25-DR level (P = 0.05). There was no correlation between 1,25-DR or other hormone receptor levels and the development of hypercalcemia or bone metastases in the small number of individuals so affected. As we had observed previously, there was no correlation between the level of 1,25-DR and that of the other steroid hormones. These data show that the presence of 1,25-DR in primary breast cancers is independent of other prognostic indicators and, inasmuch as it correlated with late lymph node metastasis, may be an adverse prognostic indicator.
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PMID:Significance of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in primary breast cancers. 301 26

Hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer is usually attributed to osteolytic bone metastases. Seventeen patients with biopsy-proved breast cancer and hypercalcemia were identified in a prospective, unselected manner. Biochemical and clinical evaluation included measurements of parathyroid hormone, nephrogenous cAMP, vitamin D metabolites, fasting calcium excretion, and maximal tubular phosphate reabsorption, and bone radionuclide scanning. Tumor histologic findings were also reviewed. Four of the 17 patients (23.5 percent) had no evidence of bone involvement by bone scanning or radiography. Two additional patients (a total of 35 percent) appeared to have a humoral component to their hypercalcemia as determined by the presence of elevated nephrogenous cAMP excretion. These observations suggest that humoral, tumor-derived products may play a more important role in the hypercalcemia of breast cancer than has been previously recognized.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in breast cancer. Reassessment of the mechanism. 303 97

From 1975 to 1986, 15 cases (2%) of metastatic calcification associated with an underlying malignancy were found in a review of 702 autopsied cases with histories of malignancy. These underlying malignancies included 7 cases of lung cancer, 6 cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of breast cancer, and one of urinary bladder cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma was of the histological type most often associated with metastatic calcification in lung cancer, and ATL in malignant lymphoma. Hypercalcemia was found in 10 (83%) out of cases, and almost all were accompanied by renal dysfunction. Calcium deposits were most frequently observed in the kidneys and the lungs. It has been suggested that metastatic calcification in the lungs and kidneys of a patient with a history of malignancy showing hypercalcemia is sometimes accompanied by respiratory and renal dysfunction, causing the patient's condition to deteriorate.
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PMID:[Metastatic calcification associated with malignancy]. 323 Jun 35

Serum osteocalcin (BGP) is an osteoblast product that probably reflects the rate of bone formation. It is a potential marker of skeletal metastases and, to investigate this, BGP was measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum of normal subjects and patients with breast or prostate cancer. Significantly higher levels were found in patients with metastatic bone disease in comparison to both normal subjects (P less than 0.001) and patients with non-metastatic cancer (P less than 0.05 for breast cancer and less than 0.001 for prostate cancer). The range of values was wide. Levels were higher in sclerotic than lytic bone metastases (P less than 0.01) and lower in patients with hypercalcaemia (P less than 0.001). Serial measurements of BGP were made in 53 patients with skeletal metastases from breast cancer receiving systemic therapy. At 1 month BGP rose by greater than 0.5 ng/ml in 15/16 responding patients compared with 7/23 patients with progressive disease (P less than 0.01). Responding patients also showed a rise in the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and a paradoxical deterioration in the bone scan appearance, both reflecting a flare in osteoblast activity. The early increase in responding patients was followed by a gradual decrease over subsequent months as the osteoblast reaction induced by systemic therapy subsided. We conclude that BGP measurements reflect a wide variability of bone formation rates in metastatic bone disease. Bone formation was usually increased, particularly when metastases were sclerotic in appearance, but in patients with hypercalcaemia the low BGP levels suggest uncoupling of bone resorption and formation. Serial measurements of BGP may be useful in monitoring response to treatment.
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PMID:Osteocalcin: a potential marker of metastatic bone disease and response to treatment. 326 63

A personal series of 256 cases of acromegaly/gigantism seen over a 20-year period from 1963 is described. The insidious nature of the condition resulted in delay in diagnosis which was often made by a doctor when seeing the patient for an unrelated problem. Other features which commonly led to the diagnosis being made were headache, change in appearance, carpal tunnel syndrome, amenorrhoea and diabetes. The Hardy system for grading the radiological appearance of the pituitary tumour was used. Widely invasive tumours were not common but tended to occur in patients with younger age of onset and high GH levels. The occurrence of various symptoms and clinical features was noted and the changes resulting from reducing the GH level to normal. The incidence of hypertension, but not of coronary artery disease, is increased and the blood pressure may be reduced following successful treatment. The effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract are reported as well as sleep apnoea and problems associated with anaesthesia. Skin manifestations included sweating, pigmented skin tags, acanthosis nigricans and cutis verticis gyrata. In the skeletal system the incidence of kyphoscoliosis and osteoarthritis especially of the hip is reported: the question of hip replacement is discussed. Diabetes mellitus disappeared in most cases if the acromegaly was cured. In men but not in women the incidence of colloid nodular goitre was increased as was hyperthyroidism in middle-aged women. In two patients a parathyroid adenoma was present: hypercalcaemia was present in five additional patients, but the cause was not determined. The common occurrence of amenorrhoea in the younger women was noted, it was not always associated with hyperprolactinaemia, and often responded to successful treatment of the acromegaly. The association of acromegaly with hirsutism and galactorrhoea is confirmed. The incidence of impotence and loss of libid in the men is discussed: in a proportion of those in whom the acromegaly was cured, potency returned, but in a number depression occurred and what was believed to be psychogenic impotence persisted. Hyperprolactinaemia was found in 49 out of 151 patients with active acromegaly in whom the prolactin level was measured. Previous reports have indicated a doubling of death rates in acromegalics. In this series there were 47 deaths observed compared to 37.2 expected. The increased death rate was in women of all ages and in men under the age of 55, The increased deaths in the women were from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular causes and from breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acromegaly. 330 90

The treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy is troublesome. Personal experience with breast cancer associated hypercalcemia is presented. Eight patients were hydrated with intravenous administration of saline solution containing high doses of salmon calcitonin and subsequently six were treated with antiblastic polychemotherapy. Calcium level fell to normal in all patients. Hypercalcemia, with or without evidence of metastatic bone disease, may be caused by the production of humoral substance by tumoral tissue. In our experience the first therapeutic stage is the infusion of saline solution containing high doses of calcitonin, while the elective treatment is antiblastic polychemotherapy which, acting on tumour growth, may inhibit the release of humoral mediators of hypercalcemia causing a slower but stable reduction in serum calcium level.
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PMID:[Update on paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Our experience in the treatment of hypercalcemic states of patients with advanced breast carcinoma]. 340 54

Recent reports have suggested that the sensitivity to chemotherapy of endocrine-dependent breast cancer may be enhanced by transient exposure to hormonal stimulation. To test this concept, 39 postmenopausal women with proven metastatic breast carcinoma and measurable disease were entered into this prospective, double-blind trial; 35 are currently evaluable. All patients were continuously treated with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone to lower estrogen production, plus cyclic chemotherapy. Patients in the "stimulation" arm received in addition, Estrace 2 mg b.i.d. sublingually for 3 days before and on the day of chemotherapy. Estrace administration appeared to accelerate tumor growth as demonstrated by increased bone pain, hypercalcemia, and growth of skin lesions. Response rates, response duration, and survival were similar in the stimulation and control groups.
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PMID:A randomized trial of aminoglutethimide +/- estrogen before chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. 354 14

Lately it has been reported that calcitonin is effective for the treatment of hypercalcemia and for the relief of pain caused by osteolytic bone metastasis. Thus we have studied the analgesic effect of synthetic eel calcitonin (ECT) on 8 breast cancer patients with bone metastases. ECT was administered in the dose of 20 or 40 I.U. twice a day intramuscularly for 7 days without other antineoplastic treatment, and the laboratory data of its analgesic effect and change has been examined. An analgesic effect was obtained on all 8 patients who had received ECT. However, an improvement of radiological findings of metastatic osteolysis and a decrease in urine hydroxyproline were not found after short term (7 days) treatment with calcitonin. These results suggest that the effect of ECT on the relief from pain due to bone metastasis is not caused by an improvement of the osteolytic metastatic lesions.
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PMID:[The analgesic effect of calcitonin on breast cancer patients with bone metastases]. 361 14

Thirty-five women with breast cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT) were admitted to Memorial Hospital during a 25-year period. The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism in the breast cancer patients was similar to the incidence in the total patient population at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (0.15% and 0.14%, respectively). The patients with 1 degree HPT disease had clinical findings which distinguished them from those patients with cancer-related hypercalcemia. Eighty percent of the breast cancer patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had earlier stage disease (Stage 0, Stage 1, Stage 2); whereas 97% of the patients with breast cancer and hypercalcemia (not due to 1 degree HPT) had advanced disease. There appeared to be a trend towards improved survival in the breast cancer patients with primary hyperparathyroidism when compared to patients of similar stage of disease who did not have parathyroid disease.
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PMID:Distinguishing features of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with breast cancer. 362 Nov 32

The effect of a single dose of APD on hypercalcaemia has been studied in advanced breast cancer. Twenty-five patients were rehydrated intravenously for 48 h. Twenty-three remained hypercalcaemic and received 5-15 mg APD as a 2 h infusion. Eighteen patients achieved normocalcaemia, 15 after a dose of less than or equal to 15 mg. One patient died within 24 h from rapidly advancing disease and 4 remained hypercalcaemic. Urinary calcium excretion increased during rehydration as glomerular function improved and tubular reabsorption of calcium fell. After APD, calcium excretion fell to normal in 22/24 patients reflecting inhibition of bone resorption. Hydroxyproline excretion remained high. The effect of a single dose of APD on hypercalcaemia lasted a median of 11 days (range 7-17). Transient fever occurred in 2 patients, but there were no other side effects. The possibility of long-term control of osteolysis using a 2 weekly schedule of APD administration is now being studied.
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PMID:3(Amino-1,1-hydroxypropylidene) bisphosphonate (APD) for hypercalcaemia of breast cancer. 368 64


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