Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) accounts for 4% to 12% of epithelial ovarian cancer in Western countries and, for some unknown reasons, it comprises more than 20% of such cancers in Japan. CCC shows unique clinical features such as a high incidence of stage I disease, a large pelvic mass, an increased incidence of vascular thromboembolic complications, and hypercalcemia. It is frequently associated with endometriosis. Compared to serous adenocarcinoma (SAC), CCC is relatively resistant to conventional platinum, or taxane-based chemotherapy which is associated with its poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms underlying CCC's resistance to chemotherapy have not been understood. Although several mechanisms involved in drug resistance exist in CCC, including decreased drug accumulation, increased drug detoxification, and an increased DNA repair activity; however, no particular chemoresistance system has been identified. On the other hand, an in vitro study revealed that low cell proliferation may cause the insensitivity of CCC to cisplatin. The Ki-67 labeling index in CCC tumors was significantly lower than SAC. The Ki-67 labeling index for responders was significantly higher than that for non-responders in both tumor types. A multivariable analysis revealed that Ki-67 labeling index and residual tumor size were independent prognostic factors in CCC. Therefore, lower proliferation of the tumor cells may contribute to their resistance to chemotherapy. However, further investigation into the molecular biology and genetics of CCC is warranted. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the chemoresistance mechanism in CCC and novel treatment strategies for CCC.
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PMID:Mechanisms of chemoresistance and poor prognosis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. 1837 17

We report a rare case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) in which parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) was identified as the causative factor of hypercalcemia. A 72-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our institution complaining of fever and abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a large tumor in the body of the pancreas, with multiple liver metastases. Both serum calcium and PTH-rP levels were elevated. No accumulation was observed on bone scan with technetium-99. The patient died of pneumonia 3 months after admission. Autopsy demonstrated that the neoplasm in the pancreas showed an abrupt histological transition from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. PTH-rP was identified in the primary pancreatic tumor cells by immunohistochemical examination and a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method. We concluded that PTH-rP was the causative factor of the HHM, based on the laboratory data, immunohistochemical examination, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. This is a very rare report of adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas associated with HHM.
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PMID:Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). 1883 9

Renal involvement in sarcoidosis displays a wide range of manifestations, and kidney dysfunction may involve all three mechanisms of renal failure. We report a new case of systemic sarcoidosis presenting as a severe renal failure due to hypercalcemia, sarcoidosis-related bilateral nephrolithiasis and granulomatous interstitial nephritis. A prostate adenocarcinoma was also diagnosed, but has to be regarded as an unrelated disease.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis and the kidney: not only the granulomatous interstitial nephritis. 1920 14

This report describes a primary clitoral adenocarcinoma in a dog with secondary hypercalcemia of malignancy. A 10-year-old, spayed female basset hound was evaluated for a mass protruding from the vulva. The mass was excised, and a histological diagnosis of clitoral adenocarcinoma was made. No evidence of metastasis on thoracic radiographs or abdominal ultrasound was seen. Preoperative hypercalcemia resolved following excision of the mass. Cellular features were similar to an apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, and immunohistochemistry exhibited features noted with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. No further treatment was elected by the owner. Internal iliac lymph-node metastasis was identified 4 weeks postoperatively, and hypercalcemia recurred 8 weeks postoperatively. The dog was euthanized 22 weeks postoperatively for signs related to hypercalcemia, including polyuria/polydipsia, lethargy, and weakness. A necropsy was performed and confirmed the presence of internal iliac lymph-node metastasis. The colon, rectum, and anal sacs were grossly and histologically normal. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of clitoral neoplasia in the dog.
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PMID:Primary clitoral adenocarcinoma with secondary hypercalcemia of malignancy in a dog. 2043 43

A 17-yr-old Western Hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus) presented with a prominent midcoelomic swelling. Surgical exploration revealed a large, multicystic, irregular, tan, and firm mass grossly effacing the splenopancreas. The mass was subsequently removed. Histologically, the mass was composed of tubules of columnar to flattened neoplastic cells with an abundant stroma and moderate cellular atypia consistent with a scirrhous adenocarcinoma, likely ductal in origin, given the location of the neoplastic mass. Bloodwork revealed anemia, monocytosis, marked hypercalcemia, and, postoperatively, persistent hyperglycemia. After postoperative recovery, the snake was diagnosed with iatrogenically induced diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Due to the inability to clinically control the diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and when additional palpable masses were noted, the snake was euthanatized. Necropsy and histopathologic examination confirmed metastasis of the previously removed adenocarcinoma to the liver, right kidney, and large intestine.
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PMID:Metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a Western Hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus). 2059 25

A 16-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a history of progressive lethargy and decreased appetite. Serum biochemical profile demonstrated hypercalcemia, and thoracic radiographs and computed tomography were consistent with pulmonary neoplasia. A thoracotomy was performed, and a pulmonary mass was removed. Histopathology diagnosed a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, and calcium levels returned to normal limits after excision of the mass. While bronchogenic adenocarcinoma has been a suspected cause for hypercalcemia in cats, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first proven account.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia of malignancy in a cat with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. 2061 Jul

A case was a 67-year-old man, who presented an inferior limb lassitude approximately in January 2009. We noted a thyroid gland mass by examination and referred for a further checkup. Biochemical examination of blood showed hypercalcemia, a high iPTH level of 2,190. The cervical echography evidence showed a mass image of the border regular in the back of inferior pole of left thyroid gland. It also revealed a mass image with the calcification in the inferior pole of left lobe of thyroid gland at the same time. We performed aspiration biopsy cytology for a thyroid gland mass, and it was class IIIa. We also performed parathyroidectomy and left lobe of thyroid gland ablative surgery because of a diagnosis of the hyperparathyroidism confirmed a primary parathyroid adenoma. Preoperative pathological diagnosis was adenoma. However, histopathology laboratory findings showed it to be of adenocarcinoma of the parathyroid, which metastasized into the thyroid. Many times parathyroid cancer preoperative diagnosis is inconclusive. So we are reporting our experience with parathyroid cancer metastases to the thyroid for reference.
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PMID:[Experience of parathyroid cancer which required a differentiation from adenoma]. 2122 61

Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of metastatic skeletal tumors and hypercalcemia resulting from malignant tumors. Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a third-generation bisphosphonate agent, was recently demonstrated to show synergistic antitumor activity of ZOL when combined with chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. However, whether ZOL exerts direct antitumor activity on lung cancer remains unclear. Here, we report an atypical case encountered while treating a 57-year-old woman with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and multiple metastases of the liver, left adrenal gland, and bone. The nonskeletal lesions, consisting of the primary lesion and hepatic metastasis, regressed after treatment with ZOL alone. We believe this case demonstrates a possible antitumor effect of ZOL against lung cancer.
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PMID:Regression of a primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma after zoledronic acid monotherapy. 2167 41

A 69-year-old man was admitted with fatigue, anorexia, and slight fever. Gastroscopy showed a tumor in the stomach, and biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. CT scan revealed a tumor of the stomach, a tumor in the lower lobe of the right lung, and multiple tumors in the liver. Moreover, he was drowsy, probably caused by severe hypocalcemia thought to be caused by parathyroid hormone related protein. We treated him with S-1, but the gastric tumors progressed rapidly and massive pleural effusion developed. He died on the 16th day after admission. At autopsy, the histology of the lung tumor was found to be pleomorphic carcinoma, and that had metastasized to the stomach, the liver, and other abdominal organs. We treated a rare case of pleomorphic carcinoma with hypercalcemia that was discovered due to gastric metastasis.
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PMID:[A case of stomach metastasis of pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung with hypercalcemia]. 2279 Jun 25

Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are neoplasm-associated alterations in bodily structure or function or both that occur distant to the tumor. They are an extremely diverse group of clinical aberrations that are associated with the noninvasive actions of the tumor. In many situations, the PNS parallels the underlying malignancy, and therefore, successful treatment of the tumor leads to disappearance of the PNS. Alternatively, recurrence of the PNS after successful treatment signals recurrence of the tumor, and the return of the PNS often significantly precedes the detectable recurrence of the tumor. This is often the case with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, often referred to as hypercalcemia of malignancy (HM). The most common cause of hypercalcemia in dogs is cancer. Neoplasia is diagnosed in approximately two-thirds of dogs with hypercalcemia vs. approximately one-third in cats. A variety of tumors have been associated with HM. Lymphoma is the most common cause of HM, and the most common anatomical site for dogs with lymphoma-associated HM is the cranial mediastinum. Other tumors associated with HM in dogs and cats include anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, multiple myeloma, bone tumors, thymoma, squamous cell carcinoma, mammary gland carcinoma/adenocarcinoma, melanoma, primary lung tumors, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, renal angiomyxoma, and parathyroid gland tumors. As HM is a potential medical emergency, the primary goal in cases of HM is the elucidation of the underlying cause and thereby instituting the appropriate specific therapy.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. 2341 82


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