Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 17-year-old woman manifested fever, abdominal pain, headache, and hypertension caused by a solitary, benign pheochromocytoma. She also had hypercalcemia and elevated plasma immunoreactive calcitonin levels. After removal of the pheochromocytoma, calcium and calcitonin levels returned to normal. Studies of peripheral and tumor venous blood showed no excess or ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion, but the tumor contained and secreted calcitonin. Sporadic pheochromocytoma may secrete calcitonin and cause hypercalcemia by non-parathyroid hormone-mediated mechanisms. The potential is clearly present for confusion with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 (medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism).
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma associated with hypercalcemia and ectopic secretion of calcitonin. 46 64

A 70-year-old woman with a long history of nasal and sinus polyps developed bilateral proptosis and left total external ophthalmoplegia. She was known to have hypercalcemia, which was later discovered to be caused by a parathyroid adenoma. X-ray studies, including computerized tomography, revealed increased radiodensity in the ethmoid sinuses (due to dystrophic calcification from the hypercalcemia), partial absence of the orbital walls from earlier surgical procedures, and bilateral rounded, retrobulbar tumors. At surgery, glistening, yellow, transparent, and encapsulated-lobulated masses were removed from the left orbit; they appeared to have prolapsed through a postsurgical dehiscence in the superomedial orbital wall. Light and electron microscopy confirmed that the lesional tissue represented polyps covered by respiratory epithelium; the yellow color was the consequence of secondary lipidization of the stromal fibroblasts.
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PMID:Sino-orbital polyposis. 51 88

An example of Kaposi's sarcoma with primary involvement of lymph nodes is reported. The patient, a woman, was admitted because of generalized lymphadenopathy and anemia. She was also known to have congestive heart failure of rheumatic origin. SMA-12 screening disclosed hypercalcemia on several occasions during her hospitalization. Levels of circulating parathormone and prostaglandins E2 and F were markedly increased. Total bone scan was negative for involvement by tumor. Electronmicroscopic examination of an involved lymph node disclosed secretory bodies in the cytoplasm of malignant cells and other cells, with clear indication of endothelial origin. The rarity of Kaposi's sarcoma with primary lymph nodal involvement in the United States is discussed. So far as is known by the authors, no example of Kaposi's sarcoma has been associated with hypercalcemia due to ectopic endocrine production.
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PMID:Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nods. 99 71

A patient with histologically proven coexistent Paget's disease of the bone and parathyroid adenomatosis is described. She developed coma associated with hypercalcemia and underwent successfully surgical removal of two parathyroid adenomata. The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia in patients with this rare association is discussed and the importance of early surgical treatment is stressed. A review of similar reported case is presented.
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PMID:Coma due to hypercalcemia in a patient with Paget's disease and multiple parathyroid adenomata. 114 50

We report the case of a 33-year-old woman who was operated on with the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in 1986. She had bone disease and slight hypercalcemia. Two parathyroid glands were removed with a lack of clinical improvement. Subsequently, the serum calcium levels were normal with occasional slight increases. Depressed phosphorus values and elevated alkaline phosphatases and PTH levels were also present, associated with severe bone involvement and muscular weakness. A second cervical exploration performed in 1989 disclosed only a normal parathyroid gland, which was not removed. In 1990, a thoracic CT scan showed the presence of a 1 cm mediastinal nodule close to the great vessels. A thoracotomy was performed to remove this nodule, which proved to be a parathyroid adenoma. After surgery, the patient presented with a "hungry bone" syndrome, characterized by very low levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, which required enteral and parenteral calcium and magnesium supplements, plus dihydroxyvitamin D. The association of normocalcemia and intermittent hypercalcemia with severe bone disease is very rare, as is the presence of a mediastinal adenoma. This could explain the difficulty in the diagnosis in this case.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a mediastinal adenoma with intermittent hypercalcemia and severe bone disease]. 134 71

A 62-year-old woman presented with uveitis and abnormal chest X-ray (bilateral hilar adenopathy). Skin biopsy in 1983 had revealed non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma consistent with sarcoidosis. Her serum biochemical investigations and exploratory laparoscopy suggested nodular liver cirrhosis, but biopsy was not performed. Both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine values were within normal limits. She received prednisolone therapy of 15 mg daily initially, and later a maintenance dose of 5 mg daily. In 1985, she complained of skin itching and her laboratory data revealed severe renal insufficiency (BUN 97 mg/dl, serum creatinine 12.2 mg/dl) and hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium level: 11.5 mg/dl). Prednisolone treatment (40 mg daily) resulted in a dramatic improvement of renal function as well as other clinical abnormalities due to sarcoidosis, without any significant changes in liver function. She died of cerebral infarction in 1989. Autopsy showed interstitial nephritis with tubular calcinosis and hyalinized glomeruli. It is postulated that hypercalcemia due to sarcoidosis contributed to the renal failure in this patient. This case suggests that renal damage due to sarcoidosis may be reversible with appropriate corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of sarcoidosis associated with renal failure]. 140 82

A sixty nine-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of further examination of hypercalcemia. On July 1990, she complained of general fatigue and loss of appetite. She was pointed out to have hypercalcemia (15.1mg/dl), urolithiasis, and renal insufficiency. CT films of the chest showed swelling of the mediastinal lymphnodes and CT of the abdomen nephrocalcinosis. Ga-scintigraphy demonstrated an abnormal accumulation of gallium in the mediastinum. Levels of the parathyroid hormone was normal. Levels of the serum calcium (13.7mg/dl), angiotensin converting enzyme (30.4IU/L) and 1.25 (OH)2D (87PG/ml) were elevated. Giant cells were found in the biopsy specimen of the lung. A significant relationship between the serum calcium and creatinine were observed (r = 0.76, p < 0.02). Proximal fractional reabsorption of sodium showed to be suppressed (47.7%), and distal fractional reabsorption of sodium showed to be normal (88.4%). From these findings hypercalcemia and urolithiasis was suggested to result from sarcoidosis. The hypercalcemia and renal insufficiency improved with corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:[A case of sarcoidosis with hypercalcemia, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and renal insufficiency]. 148 16

A 15-year-old Japanese girl had widespread annular serpiginous erythematous plaques, bilateral granulomatous uveitis, bloody diarrhea, and seronegative arthralgia. She also had anemia and leukopenia. The histopathologic findings were compatible with those of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma. Elastolytic granulomas were also found in the cervical lymph nodes, terminal ileum, parietal peritoneum, and mesentery. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, hypercalcemia, and an increased level of angiotensin converting enzyme were not observed throughout the clinical course. To the best of our knowledge, systemic elastolytic granulomatosis has not been previously described in annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma or sarcoidosis. This case may represent a type of granulomatosis in the broad spectrum of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma and sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Systemic elastolytic granulomatosis with cutaneous, ocular, lymph nodal, and intestinal involvement. Spectrum of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma and sarcoidosis. 156 59

A 37-year-old female with hypercalcemia presented with lumbago, nausea and vomiting. Peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) smears revealed no lymphoblasts on the first admission. The value of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) was increased and osteoporosis was found in the lumbar vertebrae. After 5 months, diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) was made on the evidence that lymphoblasts were found in PB (1%) and in BM (98%). Treatment with vincristine, daunorubicin, prednisolone and L-asparaginase achieved complete remission (CR) and the serum calcium level returned to the normal range. She has maintained CR, and is currently treated with consolidation therapy by cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Acute leukemia is known to be rarely accompanied with hypercalcemia. This rare case was accompanied with hypercalcemia in acute leukemia. Hypercalcemia appeared to be attributable to the increased bone absorption by PTHrP derived from tumor cells. This important case will help understanding the etiology of hypercalcemia associated with ALL.
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PMID:[Acute lymphocytic leukemia (L1) preceded by hypercalcemia]. 160 17

We report a 9-year-old girl who had massive bone marrow infiltration of tumor cells at the onset of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. She was admitted to a surgical hospital because of abdominal pain and tumor in the buttock. Computerized tomographic scans of the pelvis revealed an abnormal mass. She was referred to our department. Hematological examination showed pancytopenia. Blood chemistry revealed hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. Bone marrow was occupied with 100% tumor cells. Chromosome analysis of tumor cells in bone marrow revealed a specific translocation, t(2;13) (q37;q14). This finding enabled the diagnosis of a disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma to be established. She was treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide and epirubicin, achieved a complete remission, but died of relapse 3 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:[Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with massive bone marrow involvement and 2;13 chromosome translocation]. 163 76


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