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Query: UMLS:C0020175 (hunger)
 5,670 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Elderly people eat less than younger individuals. The nature of the changes in the meal pattern that occur with age were investigated by having 307 healthy adults, ages 20 to 80, maintain 7-day diaries of everything they ingested, the timing and conditions present, and subjective hunger, anxiety, depression, and activity. The lower intakes that occur with age were a consequence of the ingestion of smaller meals, eaten relatively slowly. The elderly were as responsive as younger subjects to a number of influences on intake, the time of day, the number of other people present, the subjective state of hunger, and the premeal contents of the stomach. These results suggest that the lower intakes in the elderly are a normal response to lower caloric expenditures. The state of hunger in the elderly affected intake equivalently to the young but intake did not affect hunger to the same extent as in younger subjects. This suggests that the internal state becomes less able to influence the subjective state as aging progresses and as a result the intake of the elderly may become primarily influenced by external factors.
Appetite 1993 Dec
PMID:Age-related changes in spontaneous food intake and hunger in humans. 814 97

This study investigated the effect of the physical state and fat content of a preload on feelings of hunger and satiety and subsequent energy intake. Thirty-three normal-weight female subjects each received nine different 550-ml preloads which were served as breakfast. The preloads differed in physical state and fat level. There were three types of physical state (liquid, solid with locust bean gum, and solid with gelatin) combined with three energy levels (0.42, 1.67, and 3.35 MJ). The energy differences were due only to differences in fat content. Subjects were not allowed to eat or drink (except water) for 3.5 h after preload consumption. In this period they rated their feelings of appetite. Subjects recorded their voluntary food intake for the remainder of the study day and the day after the study day. There were no effects of the different amounts of fat or the three different physical states on energy intake during the remainder of the day or the day after. With respect to the appetite ratings, however, it appeared that the solid preloads were more satiating than the liquid preloads and the solid preloads were more satiating with fibre (locust bean gum) than without fibre (gelatin). The high-fat preloads were more satiating than the low-fat preloads.
Appetite 1993 Dec
PMID:The effects of preloads varying in physical state and fat content on satiety and energy intake. 814 98

The aim of the study was to assess the association of abdominal symptoms in a random sample of a general population and to find whether the associations could be confirmed at follow-up 5 years later. The study population was a sex- and age-stratified random sample of people living in the western part of Copenhagen County, Denmark. Of 4807 eligible subjects 79% attended the study and filled in a questionnaire on abdominal symptoms. Five years later the study was repeated and 85% of the survivors participated. Data from both studies were analysed separately for sex, age group and the following pain variables: unspecified abdominal pain, pain located to the epigastrium, pain provoked by stress or hunger, pain relieved by eating and pain relieved by defecation. Three clusters of symptoms occurred in all the analyses: borborygmi/altering stool consistency/distension; acid regurgitation/heartburn and nausea/vomiting. Unspecified pain was associated with all three clusters, pain provoked by stress or hunger and pain relieved by defecation associated with the borborygmi/altering stool/distension cluster, whereas pain in the epigastrium and pain relieved by eating did not show consistent relationships to any of the clusters. Additionally, the clusters associated with each other more often than could be expected by chance. As a consequence of our findings we suggest that the three clusters of symptoms constitute three common abdominal syndromes.
Int J Epidemiol 1993 Dec
PMID:Abdominal symptom associations in a longitudinal study. 814 91

Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors are neoplasms derived from APUD cells, characterized by hyperincretion of several peptides of hormonal activity. The incidence of these tumor is low. They are usually classified according to the predominant secreted peptide: gastrinoma, insulinoma, VIPoma, glucagonoma. Insulinoma is the most frequent endocrine pancreatic tumor, characterized by a peculiar clinical picture due to insulin action. This neoplasm is prevalently benign (90%), and may cause symptoms due to hypo-glycemia such as epilepsy, asthenia, deep coma, dizziness, hunger and epigastric pain. Surgery still constitutes the principal therapy for insulinoma treatment, but an accurate tumor identification is necessary. Selective arteriography of the pancreas and new diagnostic investigations as intraoperative US, selective sampling of pancreatic veins with insulin Quick-RIA, aid the diagnosis and more precise localization of the tumor. When surgical therapy is not practicable, for diffuse metastases, octreotide has an inhibitory effect upon hormone release, and may be combined with chemotherapy for controlling clinical symptoms. We review the clinical records of 2 patients from our Institute, who had hyper-insulinism due to benign insulinomas of the tail of the pancreas. Surgical treatment was performed with enucleation of the neoplasms.
Minerva Chir 1993 Dec
PMID:[Pancreatic insulinomas]. 817 52

A 67-year-old male was admitted with the complaint of weakness at hunger early in the morning, when blood glucose was less than 40 mg/dl. The abdominal ultrasonogram and computerized tomogram demonstrated a huge tumor in the right liver lobe. Hypoglycemia disappeared after transcatheter arterial embolization. Then hepatic lobectomy was performed. The tumor was histologically shown to be a fibrosarcoma. Insulin-like growth factor-II was intensely stained in the Golgi area of the tumor cells, suggesting its role in the mechanism of hypoglycemia.
Intern Med 1993 Dec
PMID:IGF-II producing hepatic fibrosarcoma associated with hypoglycemia. 820 62

Feeding problems, anorexia and vomiting are common in infants and children with chronic renal failure (CRF), and play a major role in the growth failure often found in this condition. However, the gastroenterological and nutritional aspects of CRF in children have received little attention, hence therapeutic interventions are usually empirical and often ineffective. Gastritis, duodenitis and peptic ulcer are often found in adults with CRF on regular haemodialysis and following renal transplantation. Despite persistent hypergastrinaemia, gastric acid secretion is decreased rather than increased in most of these patients, and active peptic disease appears to be promoted by the removal of the acid output inhibition (neutralisation of gastric acid by ammonia) that follows active treatment. Helicobacter pylori, on the other hand, does not seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of peptic disease in CRF. Gastro-oesophageal reflux has been found in about 70% of infants and children with CRF suffering from vomiting and feeding problems, and thus appears to be a major problem in these patients. In a number of symptomatic patients with CRF, gastric dysrhythmias and delayed gastric emptying have also been found; hence there appears to be a complex disorder of gastrointestinal motility in CRF. Serum levels of several polypeptide hormones involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility [e.g. gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin] and the regulation of hunger and satiety (e.g. glucagon, CCK) are significantly raised as a consequence of renal insufficiency, and can be reverted to normal by renal transplantation. Furthermore, several other humoral abnormalities (e.g. hypercalcaemia, hypokalaemia, acidosis, etc.) are not uncommon in CRF. By directly affecting the smooth muscle of the gut or stimulating particular areas within the central nervous system, all these humoral alterations may well play a major role in the gastrointestinal dysmotility, anorexia, nausea and vomiting in patients with CRF. Specific pharmacological and nutritional interventions should thus be considered for the treatment of vomiting and feeding problems in CRF.
Pediatr Nephrol 1995 Dec
PMID:Gastrointestinal function in chronic renal failure. 874 22

To identify brain mechanisms which mediate hunger for amino acid (e.g. L-lysine; Lys) deficiency, rats were trained to bar press (FR30 schedule) to receive 50 mg pellets of a complete diet. Rats given a lysine deficient (Lys-def) diet ad libitum maintained a high rate of bar pressing but when allowed ad libitum access to 0.4 M Lys to drink had a significant decrease in pressing. Also, Lys continuously infused by minipump into the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) inhibits pressing by rats given a Lys-def diet. The threshold maximal dose is between 0.1-0.5 nmol Lys/h. Therefore, animals lacking dietary Lys will work to receive complete diet, but replacement of Lys by voluntary consumption or by direct infusion into the LHA inhibits bar pressing for complete diet. The ratio of brain activin and inhibin may modulate motivation to work for a complete diet, since continuous inhibin or follistatin, but not activin, infusion into the LHA was found to inhibit bar pressing, which is normally quite strong in rats maintained on Lys-def diet. The inhibitory effect of LHA inhibin infusion was replicated, and concurrent availability of Lys solution ad libitum was additive with LHA inhibin infusion to depress responding further. This inhibitory effect of inhibin or follistatin did not result from altered ad lib. consumption of Lys-def diet. Although LHA Lys infusion did decrease consumption of a concurrently available Lys solution, inhibin did not change ad libitum Lys consumption. This indicates that inhibin may work in the LHA to inhibit bar pressing for complete diet via other mechanisms than sensation of Lys deficiency.
Brain Res 1995 Dec 15
PMID:Effect of inhibin, follistatin, or activin infusion into the lateral hypothalamus on operant behavior of rats fed lysine deficient diet. 875 Sep 55

The profound self-destructiveness and tenacity of eating disorders found among women abused and neglected in childhood become comprehensible when understood within a complex posttraumatic conceptualization as desperate attempts to regulate overwhelming affective states and construct a coherent sense of self and system of meaning. Trauma leads to the predictable consequences of dysregulation of the arousal system, avoidance, and constriction of affect; coherence of self and world are shattered. Abused patients' childhood experiences teach them that to need is to expose oneself to the pain of abandonment and betrayal at the hands of individuals responsible for their care. Consequently, needs-psychological, physical, and spiritual-come to be perceived as dangerous, and human relationships are simultaneously yearned for and feared. Robbed of the opportunity to develop a cohesive self and a coherent system of meaning and faith to sustain from within, the traumatized eating-disorder patient turns to the culture to tell her who to be and how to live; she learns that to conquer rather than satisfy needs and to be "in control" (an internal state of equanimity manifested externally in a thin body) will bring meaning and purpose. Binge eating, purging, and starving become apt metaphors for the boundless hunger, the wish to fulfill needs together with the wish to rid oneself forever of need, the desire to "purify" the damaged psychic and physical self, and the hope of restoring meaning. The treatment of the traumatized eating disorder patient is complex. Individual therapy provides the opportunity for intensive relational work that begins to restore faith in human connection and that provides a "safe base" from which to examine the trauma and separate past from present. Therapy groups for eating-disordered women and trauma survivors provide relief from isolation, valuable perspectives from others who have "been there," and the opportunity to contribute to others' healing as one heals. Ultimately, these patients must be willing to leave the world of obsession with food and weight, which guarantees safety from interpersonal hurt while it simultaneously guarantees that hope will not be restored. Though reconnecting with humanity carries the risk of further pain, it opens up the opportunity for connection, healing, and growth.
Psychiatr Clin North Am 1996 Dec
PMID:Histories of childhood trauma and complex post-traumatic sequelae in women with eating disorders. 893 8

A forced desynchrony methodology was used to assess postprandial blood glucose in 9 female volunteers during a 3-h period following a mixed meal presented at four times of day (08:00, 14:00, 20:00, 02:00). The influence of time of day on the postmeal glucose responses was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve, largest increase, time taken to reach peak, and fasting level. Circadian variations in meal tolerance were found for the area under the curve and largest increase, responses were greater (indicating poorer meal tolerance) in the evening than the morning. Fasting blood glucose exhibited diurnal variation although in the opposite direction to meal tolerance; levels were higher in the morning than the evening. Time taken to reach peak levels was not modulated by circadian rhythmicity. Estimates of the timing of poorest meal tolerance and the magnitude of this intolerance were computed for each subject. Individual differences in the magnitude of meal intolerance were found to influence hunger and self-reported calmness. Subjects with good tolerance had rhythms in both calmness and hunger, which were not found in those with poor tolerance. Subjects with good tolerance also tended to rate themselves as feeling more calm. These mood and hunger effects may result from differences in insulin resistance, which is hypothesized to underlie the circadian variations in meal tolerance.
Chronobiol Int 1996 Dec
PMID:A preliminary investigation into individual differences in the circadian variation of meal tolerance: effects on mood and hunger. 897 89

This article has examined the control of food intake as a physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system. During the past four decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding putative signals for hunger, satiation, and satiety, although hunger signals have proven to be more difficult to identify. The putative physiologic controls of food intake include positive and negative sensory feedback; gastric and intestinal distension; the effects of nutrients, nutrient reserves, and metabolism in producing signals to the liver or brain; and peptides and hormones released in the gastrointestinal tract or the brain. However, food intake is not influenced solely by physiologic signals for hunger, satiation, and satiety. To comprehend feeding behavior more thoroughly, current physiologic models must be extended to include modulating factors such as feeding-associated responses adapted through learning processes and the influence of circadian rhythms, which can be dominating over hunger, satiation, and satiety signals.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1996 Dec
PMID:Control of food intake. A physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system. 897 47


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