Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020175 (hunger)
 5,670 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new definition of the concept of culture-bound syndrome demonstrates that culture-boundedness is common and applies as well to Western biomedical disease categories as to nonWestern categories. Culture-boundedness is important when a common disorder with a large sociopsychological component is frequently treated, but unsuccessfully. To improve intervention success, therapists must recognize and accept that clients and interventionists may employ widely dissimilar culture-bound explanatory models. Therapists must learn to synthesize among models, neither rejecting nor discounting those of clients. The fact that Western notions of cause are culture-bound has gone largely unrecognized because of the tendency among biomedical scientists to treat science as if it were culture-free and universally comprehensible. This is of course a naive and invalid understanding. These points are illustrated for the case of protein-energy malnutrition. If those who design and facilitate intervention to alleviate hunger can come to understand that the scientific explanatory model of protein-energy malnutrition is only one among several cogent models, they will be in a strong position to understand intervention failure and possibly to overcome it.
Cult Med Psychiatry 1982 Dec
PMID:Protein-energy malnutrition as a culture-bound syndrome. 681 13

Force feeding of hunger-striking prisoners is discussed in the context of three 1982 state appellate court decisions involving the right to refuse treatment. The Supreme Court of Georgia accepted a prisoner's argument; courts in New York and West Virginia found a compelling state interest that justified force feeding, as did an earlier Massachusetts decision that rejected a prisoner's refusal of renal dialysis. The author contends that the Georgia court erred in not distinguishing the motivation of the prisoner--to manipulate the prison system--from that of patients who refuse treatment.
Hastings Cent Rep 1982 Dec
PMID:Prison hunger strikes: why the motive matters. 681 54

Some of the main causes of death prior to 1900 are mentioned, including disastrous epidemics of high mortality such as plague, smallpox and the so-called hunger epidemics. Also discussed are two chronic diseases remarkable for Iceland in old times i.e., leprosy and hydatid disease. In the first third of the 20th century, infectious diseases still were the main cause of death in Iceland. The importance of tuberculosis in this connection is stressed. The very high infant mortality up to the beginning of this century is stressed. The changes in the main causes of death in the last decades are described and the growing influence of degenerative vascular diseases and cancer in that connection pointed out. Last, the remarkable fall in the infant mortality and increasing life expectancy from the beginning of this century with growing prosperity of the nation is stressed.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1980 Dec
PMID:Causes of death in a subarctic population. 701 25

The present experiment was designed to see the effect of anterior or posterior truncal vagotomy on the movement of anterior and posterior walls of the stomach with the use of electromyography and force transducer. A total of 28 dogs were prepared with strain gages and bipolar electrodes at both anterior and posterior walls of the stomach. Three types of vagotomy, namely, anterior, posterior and bilateral truncal vagotomy were carried out consecutively or independently. Postoperatively, myoelectrical and contractile activities were compared between the anterior and the posterior wall of the stomach at fasted and fed state. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Motor activity of the control dogs could be divided into digestive, intermediate and interdigestive patterns. 2) Following 3 types of vagotomy, an appearance of the interdigestive pattern showed a tendency of delay which was more evident after the posterior than after the anterior truncal vagotomy. 3) There was little difference in contractile force of the antrum before and after 3 types of vagotomy, except that the hunger contraction was found weaker after all the 3 types of vagotomy. Vagotomy showed little effect on the frequency of basic electrical rhythm at any conditions. 4) In any observation mentioned above, there was no significant difference in the gastric motility between the anterior and posterior wall of the stomach. In conclusion, the patterns of motor activity were more affected after the posterior than after the anterior truncal vagotomy. Little difference in gastric motility, however, was found between the anterior and posterior wall of the stomach after all the 3 types of vagotomy.
Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai Zasshi 1982 Dec
PMID:[Difference in motility between anterior and posterior gastric wall after anterior and/or posterior truncal vagotomy]. 718 57

The effectiveness of oral glycerol as a dietary component or as a supplement to a 1000-kcal/day diet was examined in two studies involving obese patients. Glycerol did not differ from an equicaloric dose of glucose in its effect on hunger ratings, diet compliance or overall weight loss. We conclude that oral glycerol is not a useful adjunct to weight reduction programs.
Metabolism 1980 Dec
PMID:Effect of glycerol on weight loss and hunger in obese patients. 745 67

The dynamic periphery of unstimulated, preaggregation, hunger-stage Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae was investigated by time-lapse videomicroscopy and digital image processing. Circular maps (i.e. of each of 360 radii around the cell transformed upon Cartesian coordinates) were constructed around the centroid of individual cell images and analysed in time series. This novel technique generated spatiotemporal structures of various degrees of order in the maps, which resemble classical wave interference patterns. The patterns thus demonstrate that cell movement is not random and that cells are intrinsically vibrating bodies, transited by self-organized, superpositioned, harmonic modes of rotating oscillatory waves (ROWS). These waves appear to depend upon spatiotemporal oscillations in the physicochemical reactions associated with actin polymerization, and they govern pseudopodial movements, cell shape and locomotion generally. ROWS in this case are unrelated to the cyclic-AMP-regulated oscillations, which characterize later, aggregative populations of Dictyostelium. However, the exposure of aggregation-stage cells to a pulse of the chemoattractant cyclic-AMP induces a characteristic sequence of changes in the global cellular concentration and spatiotemporal distribution of fibrillar (F-)actin. This reaction begins with what appears to be a phase resetting of ROWS and it may, therefore, underlie the cellular perception of and response to chemotactic signals. We also develop here an analytical mathematical description of ROWS, and use it to simulate cell movements accurately.
J Cell Sci 1993 Dec
PMID:The locomotion, shape and pseudopodial dynamics of unstimulated Dictyostelium cells are not random. 751 Feb 98

In the Middle European medico-legal climate, the moral rule 'salus aegroti suprema lex' has been accepted for a long time. In the last few years, under the pressure of fear of accusation of a paternalistic attitude, this postulate has been changed to 'voluntas aegroti suprema lex'. The question stands: Is this valid in each case and in all the situations? For example, it is possible to use compulsory treatment with those who have not given their informed consent. Even the charter of basic human rights and freedom states in its article 6 that everyone has a right of life. The law specifies in which cases an individual can be accepted or can be held in a health care institution without his/her consent. In cases of so-called 'hunger strikers', the strikers refuse food and expose themselves to extreme starvation in order to reach some political goals or to express their views. If, in such situations, the patient endangers his/her life, the physician who is facing this problem is, according to Czech law and similarly to some other Central European laws, and according to the Ethical Code of the Czech Medical Chamber, bound to act to protect and restore the life and the health of that person. The Health Care Act No. 540/1991 of the Czech Republic states the obligation to provide emergency care to anyone whose life or health is threatened. Compulsory treatment is possible, for example, if an individual shows signs of mental disease or if an intoxication threatens him or his neighbourhood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Forensic Sci Int 1994 Dec 16
PMID:Ethical and medico-legal problems concerning so-called hunger strikers. 786 20

Ovulatory function was prospectively assessed over 6 mo in 23 vegetarians and 22 nonvegetarians with clinically normal menstrual cycles. Subjects were 20-40 y of age, of stable weight (body mass index, in kg/m2, of 18-25), on current diets for > or = 2 y, and not using oral contraceptives. Quantitative analysis of basal body temperature records classified cycles as normally ovulatory, short luteal phase (< 10 d), or anovulatory. Subjects completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (subjects completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (subscales for restraint, hunger, and disinhibition) and kept three 3-d food records. Vegetarians had lower BMIs (21.1 +/- 2.3 vs 22.7 +/- 1.9, P < 0.05), percentage body fat (24.0 +/- 5.5% vs 27.4 +/- 5.1%, P < 0.05), and restraint scores (6.4 +/- 4.4 vs 9.5 +/- 3.7, P < 0.05). Mean cycle lengths were similar, but vegetarians had longer luteal phase lengths (11.2 +/- 2.6 vs 9.1 +/- 3.8 d, P < 0.05). Cycle types also differed (chi 2 = 9.64, P < 0.01): vegetarians had fewer anovulatory cycles (4.6% vs 15.1% of cycles). Compared with those with restraint scores below the median, highly restrained women had fewer ovulatory cycles (3.6 +/- 2.3 vs 5.0 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05) and shorter mean luteal phase lengths (7.4 +/- 4.1 vs 10.7 +/- 3.1 d, P < 0.05). We conclude that ovulatory disturbances and restrained eating are less common among vegetarians, and that restraint influences ovulatory function.
Am J Clin Nutr 1994 Dec
PMID:Vegetarian vs nonvegetarian diets, dietary restraint, and subclinical ovulatory disturbances: prospective 6-mo study. 798 29

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which has affected several millions of population all over the world. It is characterized by an excess of sugar in the blood and urine, hunger, thirst and gradual loss of weight. Insulin is a hormone which regulates the carbohydrate and triacylglyceride metabolism through its action at several sites and facilitates the entry of glucose accumulation in the blood. Insulin also stimulates the synthesis of glucokinase and moderates the degree of gluconeogenesis. In the diabetic patient, there is an aberration in the functioning of insulin. Prior to the 1950s, control of diabetes was based entirely on insulin therapy. Unfortunately, some patients developed complications and thus need for some other therapy was realized. Presently control of NIDDM relies on compounds from two classes--sulphonylureas and biguanides. Although these drugs are widely accepted as being efficacious in treating some diabetics, they are ineffective in many others. Consequently, testing of many chemicals and plant extracts has continued. The object of the present paper is to bring up-to-date information on the hypoglycemic activity of plants, above all the plants occurring in our country, and those who se hypoglycemic activity has been scientifically documented in a more detailed way. Recent theories on the mechanism of action of these plants are also discussed.
Cesk Farm 1993 Dec
PMID:[Plants with hypoglycemic effects]. 811 60

Hungry or sated adult female (N = 29) and male subjects (N = 28), classified according to whether they had eaten or not within 2 h, rated four concentrations of sucrose in a lime drink for their sweetness intensity and pleasantness. Subjects also rated their attitude towards sweets in general (self-reported sweet tooth). Female subjects rated the solutions as less pleasant when tasted soon after a meal. Male subjects showed a non-significant trend in the same direction. Female subjects also rated the solutions as more intense than the male subjects did. Moreover, subjects who reported having a "sweet tooth" (regardless of gender) showed a significant alliesthesia effect (i.e., enhancement of pleasantness of sweet tastes by hunger), whereas those with "no sweet tooth" did not. We conclude that both gender and the degree of individual "sweet tooth" influence alliesthesia.
Appetite 1993 Dec
PMID:Pleasantness of a sweet taste during hunger and satiety: effects of gender and "sweet tooth". 814 96


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>