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Query: UMLS:C0020175 (hunger)
 5,670 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) have been claimed to aid in weight reduction by reducing hunger, and affecting mood as well as aiding in localized (spot) reduction. We have tested these claims in a double-blind randomized trial using injections of HCG or placebo. Weight loss was identical between the two groups, and there was no evidence for differential effects on hunger, mood or localized body measurements. Placebo injections, therefore, appear to be as effective as HCG in the treatment of obesity.
West J Med 1977 Dec
PMID:Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatment of obesity: a critical assessment of the Simeons method. 59 85

Female albino rats trained to press a bar to turn off a bright light while water-satiated performed better than rats trained while thirsty. It is suggested that thirst elicits responses such as increased activity which compete with stationary behavior required for bar-pressing. Since the proposed competing responses may facilitate locomotor behavior, this hypothesis might also explain the general finding that hunger or thirst facilitates performance on tasks where escape or avoidance requires locomotion. Switching satiated subjects to the thirsty condition caused decreased performance, while the opposite shift apparently failed to improve performance above the level of a control group.
Am J Psychol 1978 Dec
PMID:Effect of thirst and change of thirst on bar-pressing to escape bright light. 75 71

Intracellular glucopenia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) administration in man produces increased hunger ratings and magnitude estimates of pleasantness for sucrose solutions. Augmented food intake substantiates these changes in affective behavior and relieves experimentally induced hunger. Intracellular glucopenia activates counterregulatory mechanisms to raise plasma glucose concentrations. Inducing hunger experimentally with 2DG provides a useful method for studying appetitive behavior in humans. The neurohumoral control of pituitary hormone release and other hypothalamic functions may be examined after 2DG infusion.
Science 1977 Dec 09
PMID:Hunger in humans induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose: glucoprivic control of taste preference and food intake. 92 88

Hunger is elicited by the depletion of available macronutrients to the cells. The question is how the depletion is sensed and transduced into a biologically meaningful signal of hunger. Accumulating data show that the signal comes not from depletion of carbohydrates alone or from one of the other major macronutrients. Instead, the signal is generated by the overall cellular power production that induces hunger when it decreases and satiety when it increases. As for satiation, i.e. the state that causes the termination of a meal before nutrients cross the intestinal barrier, it is induced by early metabolic events elicited reflexly from orogastric afferences and tuning the preprandial metabolism towards the level of the postprandial metabolism. Neuronal responses from the medial hypothalamus suggest that they may integrate information on the degree of utilization of glucose and of lipids. Some of the pharmacological agents that reduce feeding seem to operate by increasing the metabolic rate in a way similar to that induced by a meal. These pharmacological agents are active because they mobilize endogenous metabolites, such as lipids, so inducing a sort of 'autocanibalic' meal.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992 Dec
PMID:The metabolic signal of hunger and satiety, and its pharmacological manipulation. 133 20

Dexfenfluramine has been demonstrated to produce decreases in daily energy intake varying between 13 and 25% depending on the time for which the drug has been administered. This reduction in energy intake is achieved by a decrease in the size of meals (11-40% depending on the dose) and by a decrease in the frequency of snacks consumed between meals. These objective adjustments are accompanied by a decrease in the level of perceived hunger, particularly apparent in the postprandial period. Taken together these changes can be interpreted as an action of dexfenfluramine to intensify the satiating power of food. This effect is consistent with the proposed role of serotonin systems in the mediation of satiety. The effect of dexfenfluramine on eating parameters leads to an overall modulation of the pattern of eating and the profile of motivation to eat. The reduction in energy intake achieved by this modulation is consistent with the weight losses recorded following several months of treatment. This restraint over the expression of appetite exerted by dexfenfluramine appears to be present even after 12 months of continuous treatment. These demonstrated actions should help overweight people to achieve a better management of their appetite in order to assist weight loss and to prevent weight regain.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992 Dec
PMID:Dexfenfluramine and appetite in humans. 133 23

Three groups consisting of 12 subjects each (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD] patients, hemodialysis patients, and healthy controls) matched for age, sex, and body weight were invited to a test meal for the study of hunger, fullness, and food preferences. They were served an excess portion of hash served on a plate placed on a hidden scale ("VIKTOR"), which was connected to a computer registering the eating process on-line. The patients filled in visual analogue scales (VAS) concerning appetite and food preferences before and after the test meal. Mean total intake of food (+/- SD) was significantly higher for healthy controls (357 +/- 175 g) compared with hemodialysis patients (295 +/- 105 g), which in turn was higher than in CAPD patients (206 +/- 70 g). Eating velocity was lower in both dialysis groups compared with controls. CAPD patients experienced less hunger and desire to eat compared with hemodialysis patients and controls. The reason for the low eating drive in CAPD patients despite their great need for protein and calories is unknown, but might be explained by gastric retention, insufficient dialysis, metabolic effects of the high sugar load from the dialysate, or combinations of these factors.
Am J Kidney Dis 1992 Dec
PMID:Eating behavior in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. 146 88

This study investigates 113 consecutive patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease before and after fundoplication and crural repair with respect to symptomatic improvement of chest pain, angina pectoris, exercise-linked chest pain, meal-linked chest pain, dyspnea, and air hunger, and any correlation between these items and smoking habits. The patients were followed by identical questionnaires completed at the time of oesophageal manometric examination prior to operation and from 6 months up to more than 5 years after operation. There was a highly significant reduction in all kinds of chest pain including angina pectoris, and of dyspnea at follow-up independent of smoking habits. However, air hunger was not significantly reduced. The present results suggest that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease should be taken into consideration in the symptomatic diagnosis of angina pectoris.
Ann Med 1992 Dec
PMID:Remission of angina pectoris and dyspnea by fundoplication in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. 148 38

In 1992, the worst drought in recorded history hit southern Africa. It especially affected the eastern area of Swaziland where staff at a rural district hospital, Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki, struggled to treat rising numbers of ill and malnourished people. 10% of the population in this area reached the advanced stage of starvation. Almost 50% did not have enough food to meet their nutritional needs. Women had to travel as far as 15 miles to retrieve water from tankers and sometimes wait for days because other water sources evaporated. Maize did not grow. The subsistence farmers and their families, who made up most of the population, were able to use food stored from the year before, but it only postponed hunger. They sold their cattle (their symbol of wealth), borrowed money, and migrated to cities, leaving children and grandparents to provide for themselves. This area also had an influx of refugees from Mozambique who tended to receive more food than the natives. The incidence, but not the types, of diseases increased much during the drought. These diseases included diarrhea, respiratory infections, measles, marasmus, kwashiorkor, and vitamin deficiencies. The drought did reduce the incidence of malaria, however. Nongovernmental organizations helped with food and in measuring the effects of the drought, e.g., with anthropometric surveys of young children. The international community offered to send Swaziland more than 100,000 tons of cereal, but by December 1992 the cereal had not arrived. The people distributed the limited food to those most in need. The limited maize available for distribution was yellow, but the people were accustomed to white maize and believed yellow maize to be poisonous. When droughts occur, the crux of the problem in developing countries is the pressure exerted by multinational lending institutions to earn foreign currency to pay interest on national debt.
BMJ 1992 Dec 12
PMID:Another African disaster. 846 97

A common assumption is that dieting causes food cravings, probably as a result of food energy deprivation. This issue was investigated in a two-phase study. In phase one, 206 women completed the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and a food craving scale. A correlational analysis showed food craving to be only weakly related to dietary restraint, but highly and significantly correlated with external eating, emotional eating and susceptibility to hunger. In phase two, ten women who regularly experienced food cravings and ten who rarely craved food kept prospective records of their food intake, daily mood and food craving episodes. There were few differences in eating behaviour, although the cravers tended to consume slightly more daily energy than the non-cravers. The cravers had higher ratings of boredom and anxiety during the day, and dysphoric mood was prominent prior to the cravings themselves. Food deprivation does not appear to be a necessary condition for food cravings to occur. Rather, food cravings are closely associated with mood, in particular as an antecedent to craving and also as a consequence of craving.
Appetite 1991 Dec
PMID:Food craving, dietary restraint and mood. 179 81

The effect of 5 days of food deprivation followed by 5 days of refeeding on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, central benzodiazepine receptors (CBR), and peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites (PBzS) was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Starvation induced a decrease in the density of PBzS in peripheral organs: adrenal (35%; P less than 0.001), kidney (33%; P less than 0.01), and heart (34%; P less than 0.001). Restoration of [3H]PK 11195 binding to normal values was observed in all three organs after 5 days of refeeding. The density of PBzS in the ovary, pituitary, and hypothalamus was not affected by starvation. Food deprivation resulted in a 35% decrease in cerebellar GABA receptors (P less than 0.01), while CBR in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex remained unaltered. The changes in PBzS observed in the heart and kidney may be related to the long-term metabolic stress associated with starvation and to the functional changes occurring in these organs. The down-regulation of the adrenal PBzS is attributable to the suppressive effect of hypercortisolemia on pituitary ACTH release. The reduction in cerebellar GABA receptors may be an adaptive response to food deprivation stress and may be relevant to the proaggressive effect of hunger.
Brain Res 1990 Dec 03
PMID:Food deprivation modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in rats. 196 44


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