Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020175 (hunger)
 5,670 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of blood of fasted rats revealed two endogenous sugar acids, 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (2-deoxytetronic acid; 2-DTA) and 2,4,5-trihydroxypentanoic acid (3-deoxypentonic acid; 3-DPA), that might be related to food intake control. Injection of 2-DTA into the third cerebral ventricle reduced food intake for 24 hr in 72 hr deprived rats and depressed single neurons activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA). The same amounts of 3-DPA elicited feeding in a dose-related fashion, and increased LHA single neuron activity with 6 to 8 min latency. Intravenous injection of 3-DPA, but not 2-DTA, was effective. Liposome encapsulation of 2-DTA enhanced its potency after intraperitoneal injection, probably by allowing passage across the blood-brain barrier. Electrophoretic application of 2-DTA significantly and specifically suppressed, and 3-DPA facilitated activity of glucose-sensitive (GS) neurons in the LHA. Neither affected glucose insensitive LHA neurons. Both sugar acids affected glucoreceptor (GR) neuron activity oppositely in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Intracellular recordings verified that the effect of 2-DTA on the GS and GR neurons was the same as glucose. Hyperpolarization of GR neurons with a membrane conductance increase was brought about by 3-DPA. The levels of plasma glucose and insulin changed oppositely by 2-DTA and 3-DPA, respectively when these were applied into the third cerebral ventricle. Feeding behavior and LHA and VMH neuron activity changes after injection suggest 2-DTA may be an endogenous satiety substance and 3-DPA a hunger substance, with effects mediated by GS neurons in LHA and GR neurons in VMH. Effects of 3-hydroxybutyric acid were also verified and discussed.
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PMID:Feeding regulation by endogenous sugar acids through hypothalamic chemosensitive neurons. 353 1

Effects of certain endogenous sugar acids such as 2-deoxytetronic acid (2-DTA) and 3-deoxypentonic acid (3-DPA) were investigated on the neuronal activity of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in the rat. Electrophoretically applied 2-DTA significantly and specifically facilitated the activity of glucoreceptor neurons in the VMH, while 3-DPA suppressed their activity. However, non-glucoreceptor neurons were not affected by these sugar acids. These results reinforces the previous suggestion that 2-DTA and 3-DPA also might act as endogenous satiety and hunger substances, respectively.
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PMID:Effects of endogenous sugar acids on the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of the rat. 399 61

The feeding related endogenous sugar acids, 2-deoxytetronic acid, 2-DTA and 3-deoxypentonic acid, 3-DPA, were investigated for their peripheral and central (hypothalamic) control of gastric acid secretion, and effects on activity of lateral hypothalamic (LHA) neurons in rats. Peripheral gastric acid secretion was not affected by either 2-DTA or 3-DPA. Slight gastric acid secretion was elicited by 3-DPA only when it was applied directly into the gastric related site of the LHA. Gastric acid secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) was suppressed by application of 2-DTA in the LHA. 3-DPA had no effect on 2DG induced secretion. Electrophoretic application of 2-DTA significantly inhibited the activity of both gastric and non-gastric type glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA, and 3-DPA significantly excited both types of glucose-sensitive neurons. The results agree with previous reports that 2-DTA and 3-DPA are endogenous satiety and hunger factors, respectively, and act by modulating hypothalamic control of gastric acid secretion which is mediated through gastric type and non-gastric type glucose-sensitive neurons.
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PMID:Endogenous sugar acid control of hypothalamic neuron activity and gastric acid secretion in rats. 402 89

In order to clarify the effects of endogenous organic acids on short and long-term feeding behavior, ingestive behavior was monitored for 2 hr before and after intra-third ventricular infusions of 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (2-deoxytetronic acid, 2-DTA), 2,4,5-trihydroxypentanoic acid (3-deoxypentonic acid, 3-DPA), and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA). In addition, meal patterns were recorded for 2 days before and after the ventricular infusions. 2-DTA suppressed both short and long-term feeding by decreasing meal size (MS). 3-DPA elicited transient feeding behavior, but caused no change in long-term feeding. 3-HBA initially stimulated feeding, but subsequently suppressed long-term feeding by decreasing MS and prolonging postprandial intermeal interval (IMI). The suppressive effects of 3-HBA on feeding behavior lasted about 24 hr longer than those of 2-DTA. Based upon these observations as well as our previous reports, it appears that some of the processes affecting hunger and satiation are mediated by changes in central and peripheral concentrations of these organic acids.
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PMID:Short-chain polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acids as physiological signals for food intake. 650 67

Endogenous sugar acids, 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (2-deoxytetronic acid, 2-DTA) and 2,4,5-trihydroxypentanoic acid (3-deoxypentonic acid, 3-DPA), have been identified in the serum of fasted rats. Effects of these sugar acids on rat feeding behavior and neuron activity were investigated. Injections of 2-DTA (2.5 mumol) into the third cerebral ventricle of chronic rats suppressed food intake and single-neuron activity in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Food consumption was reduced for 24 h, even in 72-h food-deprived rats. The same amounts of 3-DPA elicited feeding and increased LHA single-neuron activity with latencies of 6-8 min. Electrophoretically applied 2-DTA significantly and specifically suppressed activity of glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA, whereas 3-DPA facilitated the activity. Nonglucose-sensitive LHA neurons were not affected by these sugar acids. The high correlation between modulation of feeding behavior and changes in LHA neuron activity after injection of these sugar acids suggested that 2-DTA may act as an endogenous satiety substance and 3-DPA as a hunger substance. The effects may be mediated through glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA.
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PMID:Modulation of feeding by endogenous sugar acids acting as hunger or satiety factors. 672 Sep 28