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Query: UMLS:C0020175 (hunger)
 5,670 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The appetite stimulating action and the weight gaining potential of one month's treatment with the antihistamine and antiserotonergic compound cyproheptadine (Periactin) 4 mg three times daily was compared to placebo in a double-blind crossover trial in sixteen thin but otherwise normal volunteers who wanted to gain weight. Subjects gained significantly more weight on cyproheptadine than on placebo. There was also a corresponding relative increase in subjective hunger ratings and food intake during the period on active drug. Drowsiness was the most frequent side effect observed. These findings are discussed in relation to a possible serotonergic feeding mechanism.
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PMID:The effect of cyproheptadine on hunger, calorie intake and body weight in man. 109 17

This study examines the extent to which 2 mg nicotine gum reduces the prevalence and severity of cigarette withdrawal signs and symptoms. The sample was comprised of women who were randomly assigned to chew 2 mg nicotine gum (N = 206) or no nicotine gum (N = 211). Signs and symptoms of withdrawal were assessed at days 2, 7, 14, and 28 post-cessation. The results showed a significant effect of 2 mg nicotine compared to no gum at 2 days post-cessation on the prevalence of the following symptoms: anxious/tense, difficulty concentrating, restless, impatient, somatic symptoms, insomnia, increased eating, and drowsiness. There were additional differences between the two groups for the severity of craving for cigarettes, irritable/angry, excessive hunger, and total withdrawal score. Over the course of 28 days post-cessation, significant Group and/or Group x Time interaction effects were found with regard to the severity of signs and symptoms for the following variables: impatient, insomnia, increased eating, irritable, difficulty concentrating, restless, somatic complaints, and total withdrawal score. These results are similar to those obtained from placebo-controlled trials for nicotine gum.
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PMID:Effects of nicotine gum on prevalence and severity of withdrawal in female cigarette smokers. 182 Dec 96

Yawning is a common physiological phenomenon, induced by hunger, sleepiness or impersonation. Its behavioral aim seems to be an effort to vigilance. There are numerous pathological reasons explaining yawning, as for example global (infectious, metabolic and toxical) or focal neurological diseases. The modification of yawning in pathology where a dopaminergic dysfunction is to be found, as well as some data of animal experimentation, support when it takes place the dopaminergic system's implication. The pre-synaptical receptor's role had been suggested for a long time but actually yawning seems to be linked with a D1-D2 cooperation. The cholinergic system probably control a final effective pathway. We also imply the peptidergic, serotoninergic, androgine and opiace systems. If the localization of a putative center of yawning is impossible, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and the pituitary gland play a major role. Yawning can be used as a functioning index of the dopaminergic system in vivo in the human being.
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PMID:[Yawning. Physiopathology and neuropharmacology]. 202 Sep 22

Eleven healthy male subjects of normal body weight received either 60 mg of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FXT) or matching placebo daily for two weeks, with a minimum one month wash-out period between treatments. Subjects attended on days 1, 8 and 15 from 08.50 h to 15.15 h in each treatment period when food and fluid intake, body weight, pulse and blood pressure, pupil diameter and plasma levels of FXT and NorFXT were measured and visual analogue scales (VAS) for subjective ratings of hunger, satiety, thirst, mood, arousal, nausea and gastric discomfort were completed. The trial was of a double-blind randomised crossover design, each subject acting as his own control. FXT reduced food intake by 15.7 per cent on day 1; by 12.6 per cent on day 8 but not on day 15. Hunger ratings were lowered by FXT on days 8 and 15 but not on day 1. Subjects were less thirsty when taking FXT but there was no concomitant reduction in fluid intake. FXT produced some mydriasis and slowed heart rate. In two weeks treatment with FXT there was a statistically significant weight loss of 1.07 kg compared to a mean weight gain of 0.15 kg on placebo. The incidence of reported side effects was low, drowsiness and stomach discomfort were reported by some subjects on days 8 and 15.
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PMID:The effect of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor fluoxetine on food intake and body weight in healthy male subjects. 236 13

This study examined the long-term effects of nicotine replacement on tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Smokers (N = 40 community volunteers) maintained biologically validated smoking abstinence under closely monitored conditions while chewing 2 mg nicotine gum (Nicorette; average of 6.9 pieces per day) or placebo gum during the first 10 weeks following smoking cessation. During the first postcessation week symptoms of irritability, anxiety, impatience, restlessness, excessive hunger, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, sleep disturbance and tobacco craving intensity were significantly lower in active as compared with placebo nicotine gum subjects. Symptoms of psychological distress including irritability, anxiety and impatience declined over time in placebo subjects and were suppressed by replacement therapy below placebo treatment levels only during the first 4-5 weeks after smoking cessation. On other items, most notably increased appetite and excessive eating, stable between-group differences persisted over the entire 10-week trial. The data suggest that use of active gum beyond the first 5 weeks post-cessation may be inconsequential as far as suppression of certain key symptoms of psychological disturbance is concerned, but more prolonged use of active gum would be advisable if the long-term nicotine replacement effects observed (e.g. decreased hunger) are relevant to smoking relapse prevention.
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PMID:Nicotine replacement: ten-week effects on tobacco withdrawal symptoms. 250 13

A 17-year-old adolescent had a recurrent episode of somnolence and morbid hunger (Kleine-Levin syndrome) three years after a first attack, from which he had spontaneously recovered. He was treated with 50 mg daily of clomipramine for the somnolence accompanied by disturbance of attention and memory. Under this treatment he developed thymoleptic symptoms with polyphagia, logorrhea and hyperactivity. Placed on a trial dose of at first 600 mg, then 400 mg carbamazepine daily the abnormal findings disappeared within a few days, and there has been no recurrence after some months. It is postulated, based on the observations of this case, that the Kleine-Levin syndrome, presumably a functional hypothalamic disorder, is closely related to the endogenous psychoses.
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PMID:[Kleine-Levin syndrome. The provocation of manic symptoms by an antidepressant and a therapeutic trial of carbamazepine]. 279 6

Fifteen patients with bulimia nervosa received fenfluramine (60 mg po) or placebo under double-blind, randomly ordered conditions. Two hours later food was presented. Significantly less food was eaten after fenfluramine and the quantity eaten was inversely correlated with serum fenfluramine levels. Significantly fewer patients reported bulimic symptoms during the test after fenfluramine, but no significant effect was demonstrated after leaving the ward. Fenfluramine caused drowsiness but did not reduce hunger ratings. Similarly, eating failed to reduce hunger ratings normally in the patients. These findings suggest that in patients with bulimia nervosa, hunger is reported abnormally and eating is suppressed by fenfluramine. Bulimic symptoms were probably reduced by fenfluramine, which may prove to be a useful treatment for bulimia nervosa.
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PMID:Suppression of eating by fenfluramine in patients with bulimia nervosa. 385 58

We compared the patient acceptance and efficacy of 60 mg extended-release fenfluramine and placebo before the evening meal in a 10-week, double-blind trial. All 51 participants were 130% to 180% of ideal body weight. They received instruction in diet and behavior modification for 2 wk before the beginning of and during the medication period. Mean weight loss was 5.9 kg (8.0 +/- 4.6% of initial weight) in the fenfluramine group and 3.3 kg (5.5 +/- 3.5%) in the placebo group. Fenfluramine-treated participants reported lower hunger ratings and greater fullness in the target supper-to-bedtime period than participants receiving placebo. Both groups reported dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and diarrhea. Although the fenfluramine group reported more complaints, these diminished to less than half after 2 wk of treatment. Four of the fenfluramine and three of the placebo group dropped out for drug-related reasons. In all, 10 fenfluramine and 8 placebo participants dropped out. Fenfluramine participants had a higher benefit score with no difference in risk scores. The fenfluramine group's global evaluation was better than that of the placebo group. Participants viewed the study and the dosing regimen positively but had negative ideas about anorexiants in general. Extended-release fenfluramine taken in the evening was well tolerated and maintained its efficacy as measured by standard and novel techniques.
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PMID:Extended-release fenfluramine: patient acceptance and efficacy of evening dosing. 634 Sep 9

Fifteen normal volunteers were evaluated to assess the effect of a meal on sleep onset latency. The meal was administered in a counterbalanced design on 1 of 2 successive days. Subjects napped 20 min subsequent to the meal (or at the corresponding time on the no-meal day) and 1 h after the initiation of the first nap. Ten subjects completed the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) on arriving at the laboratory, and just prior to nap 1 and nap 2. Sleep onset latency after the meal was not significantly different from that obtained under the no-meal condition, but was significantly less on nap 1 as compared with nap 2 irrespective of day or meal. SSS did not reveal subjective differences in sleepiness between the initial estimate and the postmeal estimate. Only five subjects showed a decrease in sleep onset latency postprandially (1-11 min). Although group differences in postprandial sleepiness were not documented, the phenomenon was clearly exhibited by certain individuals. Thus, postprandial sleepiness is not an invariable consequence of meal ingestion; rather, it appears to be affected by numerous variables such as hunger, volume of the meal, and meal constituents.
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PMID:Postprandial sleepiness: objective documentation via polysomnography. 684 95

Palliative therapy aims at increasing the quality of life in patients with a terminal illness. This article provides an overview of the available therapeutic options for the most important symptoms occurring in late-stage neurological disease, including restlessness, drowsiness, death-rattle, shortness of breath, pain, seizures, raised intracranial pressure, thirst and hunger.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in neurology]. 751 18


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