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 5,670 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is increasing evidence suggesting that the perceptual-cognitive experiences of people with anorexia nervosa and juvenile onset obesity may differ from those of people without eating disorders. The research related to several perceptual-cognitive dimensions is critically examined. These include body image perceptions; perception of hunger and satiety cues; perception of external cues; and certain personality variables which may be related to self-perception. The implications of these perceptual-cognitive variables for the treatment of anorexia nervosa and obesity are discussed. The relative efficacy of some behavioural and medical therapies may be related, in part, to their effects on perceptual-cognitive parameters. Recommendations are also made for investigations to further delineate the role of perceptual-cognitive difficulties in people with eating problems.
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PMID:Perceptual experiences in anorexia nervosa and obesity. 66 83

The relationship of selected pretreatment characteristics to weight gain during treatment was examined in 81 anorexia nervosa patients. Good prognostic indicators correlating positively with weight gain were: no previous hospitalizations for anorexia nervosa, a great amount of overactivity before treatment, less denial of illness, less psychosexual immaturity and the admission to feeling hunger. A perinatal history of delivery complications was associated with the poor outcome predictor of prior hospitalizations.
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PMID:Pretreatment predictors of outcome in anorexia nervosa. 76 Sep 25

The authors trace three phases in the course of anorexia nervosa and compare its physical and psychological symptoms with those of starvation. Phase I, which may occur months or years before the illness, usually includes precipitating events that result in loss of self-esteem and increased self-consciousness about physical appearance. During phase II patients develop the "anorectic attitude," an unreasonable fear of eating, and show pride in their ability to lose weight. By phase III patients are forced by the severity of starvation symptoms to admit that they are ill. Although many of the physical symptoms of starvation and anorexia nervosa are similar, anorectic patients, in contrast to victims of starvation, show high initiative, the ability to suppress hunger, restless hyperactivity, and body image distortion.
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PMID:On the course of anorexia nervosa. 90 Mar 7

The Psychopathology of Anorexia mentalis offers the main and singular interest to understand how hunger is a need and no aliementar response can suffice. The recent contributions of psycho-analysis give central significations of the food relation between mother and baby. The symbolic importance of this relation is determinant in the normal behaviour.
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PMID:[A non-receptive hunger]. 102 71

The authors summarize their therapeutic results in anorexia nervosa achieved at the unit of specialized care for eating disorders at the Psychiatric Clinic of the First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague. They find that applications for hospitalization of these patients have a rising trend and that in recent years in the unit mainly patients with severe forms of these diseases are admitted. During the past 7 years in the unit a total of 147 patients were hospitalized. By comprehensive regime treatment 84% of the patients with bulimia nervosa. As to basic symptoms, in bulimia nervosa the results were achieved in vomiting and bulimic attacks and in anorexia nervosa as regards appetite, hunger and general attitude to food. Finally the authors summarize the advantages of the unit specialized care for psychogenic eating disorders.
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PMID:[Intensive psychiatric care of patients with psychogenic eating disorders]. 150 53

Food intake, food selection, macronutrient intake, sensory-specific satiety, and ratings of hunger and satiety were measured after high- and low-energy salad preloads (2414 kJ, or 172 kJ) or no preload to determine whether patients with eating disorders compensate appropriately for different energy intakes. Subjects were female patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of anorexia nervosa with bulimic features or bulimia nervosa, or non patient, normal-weight, nondieters (n = 9/group). At a self-selected lunch 30 min after the preloads, all of the groups reduced intake after the high-energy preload, with the bulimics showing the best compensation. The anorexics chose low-energy foods and in some conditions ate a smaller proportion of fat than did the other groups. The bulimics ate more high-energy foods than did the anorexics. The anorexics demonstrated sensory-specific satiety only after the high-energy salad and the bulimics only after the low-energy salad. Overall, these data suggest that while many of their responses to food are abnormal, patients with eating disorders have some capacity to respond to physiological hunger and satiety cues.
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PMID:Food intake, hunger, and satiety after preloads in women with eating disorders. 159 80

The periodical food intake (discrete meals) demands a control system, which includes signals for hunger and satiety. Satiety and hunger change with the absorptive and postabsorptive state of the delivery of nutrients to the organism. The brain areas involved in the regulation of food intake receive informations from three sources: periphery, environment and memory. Hypothalamic structures and pathways of neurotransmitters are considered especially. Beside these, the limbic structures are mainly responsible for the development of motivated feeding behaviour. Disturbances in the regulation of feeding behaviour are prone to cause obesity and anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:[Neural regulation of food absorption--review]. 159 68

Six patients with anorexia nervosa, the same patients after weight normalization, and six healthy control subjects had similar fasting and postprandial plasma cholecystokinin concentrations. These data do not support the hypothesis that low levels of hunger and food intake in anorexic patients reflect hypersecretion of this endogenous hormone, which is thought to inhibit hunger, promote satiety, and reduce feeding.
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PMID:Regulation of appetite and cholecystokinin secretion in anorexia nervosa. 160 78

The dreams of anorexic patients' were recorded using a standardized sleep questionnaire concerning the perceptual qualities and affects remembered from their dreams. The anorexic subjects consistently had less frequent dream recall, fewer dreams in colour and fewer pleasurable themes than was noted in the normal controls. Anorexics frequently saw themselves in their dreams as having a distorted body (especially an enlarged belly), a younger appearance, and experienced food and hunger dysphoria. The evaluation of an anorexic patient's dreams and their subsequent changes in both sensations and the frequency of reported dreaming may have diagnostic and as well as prognostic importance for the therapeutic assessment of anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:The incidence and significance of perceptual qualities in the reported dreams of patients with anorexia nervosa. 193 61

Eating behavior in eating-disordered subjects was investigated by recording food intake and subjective ratings following three preloads differing in calories, weight and connotation. Subjects were patients with a DSM-IIIR diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and nonpatient volunteers (normal-weight or overweight dieters, and normal-weight nondieters). After all preloads, anorectics ate significantly less than all other subjects except normal-weight dieters, and anorectics rated hunger and desire to eat consistently lower and fullness greater than all other subjects. When analysis of intake was adjusted for body weight, anorectics and normal-weight dieters still consumed significantly less than controls. Anorectics selected foods that were lower in fat and carbohydrate and ate a larger proportion of calories as protein than the other subjects. All groups decreased subsequent intake after the high-calorie preload except bulimics. This study demonstrates that the regulatory capacity of eating-disordered individuals can be investigated and that aberrant eating behavior was observed.
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PMID:Eating behavior in eating disorders: response to preloads. 194 1


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