Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Specificity of TdT5 as a marker for ALL was evaluated by determining its activity in cells from normal control subjects and from 35 pediatric patients with ALL, AML, Hodgkin's disease and disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma. We evaluated the DNA polymerase activity, cell surface phenotypes (E rosettes, EAC rosettes, Smlg and la-like, HTLA and cALL antigens), and hematological and cytochemical characteristics in both the normal and patient groups. DNA polymerase alpha + beta and DNA polymerase gamma activity were indiscriminately high in all immature cells as found in ALL, AML, Burkitt's lymphoma and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal lymphocytes, when compared to mature leukocytes found in normal individuals or in patients whose cancer was in remission. High TdT activity was found in 24 of 26 T and non-T/non-B ALL patients in active phase as well as in two of three AML patients one of whom had Auer rods. Thus, TdT, although valuable for monitoring ALL patients, may have limitations in separating AML from ALL.
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PMID:High terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic and acute myelocytic leukemias. 27 33

Despite the incomparability in the reporting of leukemia and lymphoma incidence among populations and the relative rarity of these diseases, real differences in rates are discernible from available data. In general, the incidence of each of the leukemias and lymphomas is lower in Japan than in other Pacific rim populations whose rates are known. Particularly striking is the low incidence of CLL in Japan. Among Japanese in Hawaii, rates of some of these cancers (lymphosarcoma, CML) approach those of whites, whereas rates of other cancers (Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, ALL, CLL, and AML) more closely resemble those of native Japanese. The number of Chinese living in countries served by population-based cancer reporting systems is too small for any firm conclusions to be made about leukemia and lymphoma incidence in this group. The incidence of these diseases in certain other nonwhite Pacific rim residents (i.e., Mexican Americans, blacks, and Maoris) is, by and large, similar to that of whites.
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PMID:Geographical variation in the incidence of the leukemias and lymphomas. 29 90

Adriamycin is now firmly established as a drug with a very broad spectrum of antitumor activity. It has had a major impact on the therapy of sarcomas. The dose response effect in this tumor is steep and combinations which compromise the dose of adriamycin too greatly are showing inferior results. In lung and breast cancer combinations with adriamycin have been extensively tried. The FAC Regimen in breast cancer has given excellent results at the M.D. Anderson Hospital. The inclusion of adriamycin in combinations has had an impact in the poor prognosis histologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CHOP regimen is one of the best developed to date for diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. In the leukemias adriamycin is probably equivalent to daunorubicin which has been more extensively used in this country. A new analog called Rubidazone has shown good activity in AML with a smooth induction and its incorporation into combination with Ara-C, vincristine and prednisone in a regimen called ROAP is being investigated. Adriamycin in complex with DNA has been clinically evaluated, but at this time, no advantage for this approach can be demonstrated.
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PMID:Adriamycin and other anthracycline antibiotics under study in the United States. 36 Mar 30

Anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin (DNR), rubidazone (RBD) and adriamycin (ADR) are intercalating drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. They inhibit synthesis of DNA and RNA, break DNA and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative chain. Their antitumoral experimental activities depend upon type of drug, tumor and route of administration. After i.v. administration, the drug is present in all tissues except central nervous system. Its disappearance from the plasma is biphasic with a long terminal half life, justifying intermittent chemotherapy. Anthracyclines metabolism occurs mainly in liver micrososomes, and 90% metabolites are excreted in the bile. The main toxicity is cardiac, as a congestive heart failure which appears when a cumulated drug dose is overcome. In man only, a few derivatives have been studied, compounds with activity and no cardiotoxicity are still in research. Action of malignancies depends on type of derivative. We use DNR since 1967, it is a remarkable active drug in induction treatment of AML, it is the only active drug on acute promyelocytic leukemia, and it increases number of remissions in all of adult patients and severe forms of children ALL. Adriamycin (ADR) is active on solid tumors (osteosarcoma, breast and thyroid cancers) and lymphomas. With rubidazone (RBD) we obtain 2/3 of remissions in acute monoblastic leukemia, and it is easier to use than DNR and equally active on AML. RBD is also active on severe cases of lymphomas (lymphosarcomas and Hodgkin's disease). A new compound DEA 14 DNR seems interesting: experimental antitumor activity is high (compared to DNR, RBD and ADR) and it appears to possess activity on solid tumors in man.
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PMID:[Survey of anthracyclines derivatives in haematology (author's transl)]. 67 74

Rubidazone was used as sole chemotherapy in 170 adults and children with acute leukemia and sarcoma. When rubidazone was employed to treat the first attack, complete remission was achieved in : 1) 40 out of 70 patients (57%) with AML; 2) two out of six patients with AML where previous chemotherapy had failed; 3) four out of five patients with ALL; 4) 12 out of 14 patients with acute monoblastic leukemia. When used to treat relapse, rubidazone produced complete remission in : 1) 14 out of 31 cases of AML; 2) 18 out of 39 cases of ALL; 3) 2 out of 3 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment of a case of rhabdomyosarcoma was unsuccessful. In the treatment of acute myeloblastic and monoblastic leukemias, it may be concluded that rubidazone induces a higher rate of complete remission than any other previously reported drug which was used alone. It also achieves remission rates similar to those resulting from a combination of daunorubicin and Ara-C. Furthermore, when compared with daunorubicin, rubidazone allows better control of the induction of aplasia.
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PMID:Clinical study of rubidazone (22 050 R.P.), a new daunorubicin-derived compound, in 170 patients with acute leukemias and other malignancies. 106 26

We analyzed the rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TcR) delta chain gene in 196 cases of hematological malignancies. This rearranged band (s) was observed in 15% of the total cases investigated. All T-ALL patients and cell lines, except for P30/Okubo, had a new band (s) or deletion of J delta 1 gene locus, indicating the gamma delta T-cell type or the alpha beta T-cell type. In the other T-cell malignancies, the delta rearranged band (s) was recognized in 5% of T-cell lymphomas, 20% of AILD but not in ATL, Hodgkin's disease, T-CLL. Inappropriate delta rearrangement was frequently recognized in 63% of B-ALL and 50% of CML-BC but none or few (5% less) in B-CLL, B-lymphoma and AML. Southern blotting, using J delta 1 and V delta gene probes or Pst I enzyme digestion, indicated that the inappropriate delta rearranged band in B-ALL and CML-BC is V delta 2D or DD without a J delta locus. The rearranged band (s) involved J delta locus, was mostly recognized in 5/6 cases of CD7 (+) stem cell leukemia. Therefore, the TcR delta gene is useful in evaluating clonality for the most immature T-cell neoplasms, not showing rearrangement of the other TcR genes. Moreover, this delta gene may be a useful tool for distinguishing T-lineage from the other lineages, using the characteristic rearrangement pattern (V delta 2D as a inappropriate pattern, or (D) DJ and V (D) DJ as the T-lineage pattern (s)).
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PMID:[Analysis of T-cell receptor delta chain gene in hematological malignancies]. 132 69

Treatment of elderly patients with hematological malignancies is difficult and a matter of controversy. Low responsiveness to therapy and high risk of mortality have been reported. The risk of chemotherapeutic death increases after age 60, and an age-adjusted chemotherapy schedule is needed. In stage III and IV Hodgkin's disease, for example, an age-adjusted COPP regimen may be adopted. Many non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of elderly patients have a slow course. However, for intermediate to high grade aggressive NHL, dose-reduced CHOP regimen, or non- or low-dose methotrexate-containing programs like BECALM, CNOP, and low dose-ACOP-B are acceptable. MACOP-B regimen with G-CSF may be used for patients under age 65. For the treatment of elderly patients with AML, it is reported that a reduced-dose DAT regimen is better than the standard dose for inducing CR in patients older than 60. In elderly AML patients over 60, the dose-adjustment reported by Mori, or low-dose cytarabine with G-CSF, is recommended. Information about elderly patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is scarce. Aggressive treatments like L-17 M regimen are not tolerable by elderly patients, and a combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine and prednisolone is recommended.
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PMID:[Treatment of elderly patients with hematological malignancies]. 138 69

Circulating immune complexes (ClC) were estimated in 78 patients of leukaemias and lymphomas by Clq deviation ELISA and PEG assay. In all leukaemias a significant elevation in ClC was seen at the time of first presentation. While in ALL a decrease occurred on therapy as partial or complete remission was achieved, no such fall was seen in AML or CML-BC when treated. ClC levels were much higher in non-Hodgkins lymphoma than in Hodgkins disease and showed a direct correlation with B symptoms and activity of the disease. The ClC levels were highest in null-ALL followed by those in common ALL and T-ALL. The mean duration of remission in patients of ALL without elevation in ClC was much longer than in those with ClC.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in leukaemias and lymphomas. 139 53

The authors present the organisation and preliminary experience with a comprehensive autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) program in patients with malignant blood diseases. The procedure involves harvesting of bone marrow from patients in complete remission, purification of mononuclear cells and cryopreservation of these at -196 degrees C. After bone marrow cultures show that a sufficient number of hemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GM) are present in the marrow to reconstitute the patient, he/she is conditioned with chemo- (busulphan/cyclophosphamide (Bu + Cy)) or chemo/radiotherapy (total body radiation/cyclophosphamide (TBI + Cy)) in doses equal to those commonly used in allogeneic BMT. From February 1988 to July 1990 bone marrow (BM) was harvested from 24 patients. The median yield of mononuclear cells (MNC) was 1.2 x 10(8)/kg body weight (range 0.55-3.7). After buffy coat preparation, density gradient centrifugation, cryopreservation and thawing out, 0.60 x 10(8) MNC/kg (0.18-3.3) corresponding to 9.3 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg (2.28-144) could be recovered. Twelve patients have received transplants, five with AML (after Bu + Cy conditioning), six with lymphoblastic lymphoma and one with Hodgkin's disease (with TBI + Cy conditioning). The median number of days to obtain greater than 1.0 x 10(9) leucocytes/l, greater than 0.5 x 10(9) neutrophils/l, greater than 50 x 10(9) thrombocytes/l and last requirement for erythrocyte transfusion were 21 (12-49), 28 (10-60), 55 (21-270) and 55 (12-129) days, respectively. Four patients had sepsis and the median duration of hospitalization was 39 (22-58) days. The most severe complications were seen in the AML patients, two of whom died during the posttransplant period (one of septicemia, one of thrombocytopenic bleeding).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in malignant blood diseases]. 185 57

Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has developed considerably in the past 15 years and is now a routine procedure for the consolidation of acute leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. In addition, ABMT has been tested in multiple myeloma (MM) and even considered in highly selected cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Interest has resulted from the discovery of new purging procedures such as long-term cultures with or without serum-free media containing various lymphokines, the evaluation of cryoinjury on malignant cells, the increased detection of minimal residual disease using PCR, and the acceleration of hemopoietic recovery post-ABMT through the use of peripheral blood stem cells and/or lymphokines. Results presented include data from the international (ABMTR) and European (EBMT) registries, and our own unit in Paris. With respect to acute leukemias, (a) the EBMT listed 1,688 patients. The overall results were as follows: for patients autografted in complete remission (CR) 1, the leukemia-free survival and relapse rate at 7 years were 48 +/- 2% and 41 +/- 3% for AML and 44 +/- 5% and 45 +/- 5% in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), respectively. In CR2, the figures were 34 +/- 4% and 54 +/- 5% for AML and 32 +/- 3% and 62 +/- 4% for ALL, respectively. Patients not relapsing at 1 year post-ABMT had a probability of being cured at 7 years of 86 and 71% if autografted in CR1 and CR2 for AML and 81 and 59% for ALL, respectively. Multivariate analysis of relapse rates in several subpopulations confirmed the efficacy of marrow purging in AML CR1: in patients transplanted prior to January 1988 (minimum follow-up of 2 years), the relapse rate with purged marrow was 35 +/- 5% vs. 47 +/- 3% (p less than 0.005). (b) In Paris, St-Antoine, using TBI and marrow purged with mafosfamide at levels individually adjusted (Blood 1986;67:1367), the probability of remission and DFS were 84 and 62% in AML CR1 63 and 59% in ALL CR1, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between the relapse rate and the residual amount of CFUGM progenitors in the marrow after purging. The cutoff point was 0.3%, with a relapse rate of 54% in those receiving marrow containing the higher residual CFUGM fractions and only 29% in those receiving less. With respect to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the EBMT listed 698 patients. In intermediate or high grade lymphomas, the DFS at 6 years was 30% and 18% in sensitive and resistant relapses, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Autologous bone marrow transplantation in hematological malignancies. 204 65


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