Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

p21 Is involved in the control of the mammalian cell cycle through the binding and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins are dependent on the phases of the cell cycle, and divided into two classes: mitotic cyclins (A, B1, B2) and G1 cyclins (C, D1, D2, D3, E). The product of the p21 gene is a potent downstream effector of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene function. The Hodgkin and Reed- Sternberg (H & RS) cells in Hodgkin's disease are reported to frequently express p53, p21, and nuclear proliferative activity (Ki-67). To clarify the relationship of p21, p53 and cyclins, we performed the immunohistochemistry of p53, p21, Ki-67, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A and cyclin B1, using 11 cases with Hodgkin's disease. In addition, we performed p53 gene sequencing of exon 5-8, and in situ hybridization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBER-1 region, whose products have reported to induce the expression of cyclin D. In this study, in all cases, Ki-67 was expressed in almost all H & RS cells, and p53 and p21 were expressed in H & RS cells. No p53 gene mutations were detected in any case, and p53 protein overexpression did not correlate with p53 gene mutations. The number of p21-positive H & RS cells was significantly related with that of the p53-positive cells. The cyclins E, A, B1 and D1 were also expressed in H & RS cells. Unexpectedly, the expression of the cyclins was not suppressed by p21 and p53 expression. In addition, the existence of EBV was not related to the expression of cyclins. It is considered that H & RS cells are, indeed, in cell cycle and commonly express the cell cyclins, and that the cell cycle of H & RS cells may not be specifically fixed in the G1, S, G2 or M phases.
 ...
PMID:Expressions of cyclin E, A, and B1 in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells: not suppressed by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 expression. 1046 93

We describe the usefulness of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of the t(11;14)(q13;q32), most commonly present in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This assay is based on the 5'-->3' exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase, which cleaves an internal probe labeled with a reporter dye at its 5' end and a quencher dye at its 3' end during PCR. The real-time t(11;14) PCR assay was established using DNA from a case of MCL with the t(11;14), amplifiable using conventional PCR and primers specific for the major translocation cluster (MTC) region of the bcl-1 locus and the immunoglobulin heavy chain joining region gene (JH). The specificity was determined by analyzing DNA from 82 cases: 50 MCL, 27 other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 5 reactive lymphoid proliferations. The real-time t(11;14) PCR results were correlated with data obtained by a conventional PCR assay. By using the real-time assay, bcl-1 MTC/JH DNA fusion sequences were detected in 25 of 50 MCLs but not in other NHLs or reactive lymphoid proliferations. Concordance between real-time and conventional PCR methods for MCL was 96% and for all samples was 98%. The results demonstrate that this real-time PCR method to detect bcl-1 MTC/JH DNA fusion sequences is specific and reliable. In addition, the results are available immediately following amplification, without standard post-PCR manipulations.
 ...
PMID:Real-time 5'-->3' exonuclease-based PCR assay for detection of the t(11;14)(q13;q32). 1051 Jun 75

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) shows chromosome 9p anomalies in 50% of cases. Based on reports that p16INK4A gene, located on this chromosomal arm, is frequently altered in aggressive lymphomas, we analysed for alterations of this gene in 27 cases of PMBL, which were part of a series of 32 PMBL cases that have been characterized for alterations in c-myc, p53, N-ras, bcl-1, bcl-2, bcl-6 and for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Four cases showed p16INK4A gene anomalies, including three with promoter methylation and one homozygous deletion. Eight PMBLs showed c-myc rearrangements. Three additional cases showed sequence variations in the c-myc P2 promoter, two of which consisted of the same germline variation involving a novel polymorphic XhoI site. Four tumours contained p53 gene mutations and three had clonal EBV infection. One case had a bcl-6 rearrangement. In conclusion, our study shows that p16INK4, c-myc and p53 alterations occur in 15%, 25% and 13% of PMBLs, respectively. EBV monoclonality was found in 9% of cases, whereas no abnormality was detected in bcl-1, bcl-2 and N-ras. Thus, none of the common genetic aberrations seen in other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas appears to be stringently involved in the pathogenesis of this unique lymphoma type.
 ...
PMID:Molecular features of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: involvement of p16INK4A, p53 and c-myc. 1052 30

p16 protein binds and inactivates cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes, stopping the cell cycle at the G1/S boundary. Loss of p16 expression is found frequently in human cancer tissues, often resulting from allelic loss or promoter region hypermethylation in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Hodgkin's disease has been shown to be a monoclonal neoplasm of B-cells in which a majority of cells are cycling. In the attempt to identify hypothetical CDK inhibitor inactivation that could explain the accumulation of proliferating cells, we decided to focus on the p16INK4A gene. To determine whether inactivation of this gene is implicated in the development of Hodgkin's disease, we immunostained 40 cases with a monoclonal antibody for the p16 protein. At the same time, we used a methylation-specific PCR technique to determine the methylation status of exon 1 of the p16INK4A gene in 23 cases in this series. Loss of p16 expression was found in 30 of 37 cases (absence of expression in most Hodgkin's/Reed-Sternberg cells, with a normal scattered pattern of p16 expression in the reactive background). Only seven samples showed nuclear p16 expression in a significant proportion of large tumoral cells. In agreement with this finding, hypermethylation of p16INK4A gene was found in 14 of 23 cases by PCR. All the p16 cases found positive by immunohistochemistry also showed unmethylated DNA. These results show that loss of p16 protein expression is usually observed in Hodgkin's/Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease, frequently associated with p16INK4A gene hypermethylation. The high frequency of abnormal methylation found in this study suggests that this genetic event may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Loss of p16 protein expression associated with methylation of the p16INK4A gene is a frequent finding in Hodgkin's disease. 1061 96

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs) should be clearly separated from non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas with secondary cutaneous involvement and from cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas. The majority of CBCLs are characterized by a homogeneous clinical presentation and behavior, with good response to local radiotherapy, low tendency to extracutaneous spread, and excellent prognosis. According to the European Organization for Research on the Treatment of Cancer classification of primary cutaneous lymphomas, CBCLs with an indolent behavior are divided into 2 subgroups: follicular center cell lymphoma and immunocytoma/marginal zone lymphoma, due to putative histologic similarities with their purported nodal counterparts. In addition, a third subgroup with intermediate prognosis (large B-cell lymphoma of the leg) is identified. Conversely, the identification of distinct subgroups is disputable from a strictly histologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic point of view, and has neither correlation with the clinical course nor the prognosis of the disease. Moreover, the majority of CBCLs show a uniform immunophenotype (CD5-, CD10-) and genotype (lack of bcl-1/bcl-2 and c-myc gene rearrangement) of neoplastic cells. Therefore, we favor the use of the term Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (SALT)-related B-cell lymphomas, due to the close similarities between CBCLs and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, and the evidence for an acquired B-cell arm of SALT.
 ...
PMID:The skin-associated lymphoid tissue-related B-cell lymphomas. 1089 14

A 73-year-old man noticed a subcutaneous tumor on the left upper palpebra from April 1998, but did not seek therapy for it. Facial subcutaneous tumors appeared from November 1999, and multiple tumors appeared on the skin of the chest and both upper arms from January 2000. Tumor biopsy revealed that these tumors were non-Hodgkin lymphoma showing CD19 (+), CD20 (+), CD5 (+), CD10 (-), smIgM (+), sm lambda (+) and cyclin D1 (+). The karyotype was t(11;14) (q13;q32), but bcl-1 gene rearrangement was not detected. On the basis of these data, primary mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) of the subcutis was diagnosed. The patient underwent eight courses of THP-COP therapy, and complete remission was achieved. Primary subcutaneous B-cell lymphoma, especially MCL, is rare. MCL is aggressive and difficult to cure; the median survival of patients is 3 to 5 years, and the 5-year survival is 30%. However, the present patient showed a good response to chemotherapy, and complete remission has continued for 17 months since the MCL was first diagnosed.
 ...
PMID:[Primary subcutaneous mantle cell lymphoma treated successfully with THP-COP therapy]. 1209 92

The pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is better understood since the identification of the novel human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), which can be found in all forms of KS. Viral oncogenesis and cytokine-induced growth, as well as some states of immunocompromise, contribute to its development. Several virally encoded genes--eg, bcl-2, interleukin 6, cyclin D, G-protein-coupled receptor, and interferon regulatory factor--provide key functions on cellular proliferation and survival. Growth promotion of KS is further stimulated by various proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors such as tumour necrosis factor a, interleukin 6, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in a hyperplastic polyclonal lesion with predominant spindle cells derived from lymphoid endothelia. HHV8 has recently been discovered to escape HLA-class-I-restricted antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by increasing endocytosis of MHC class I chains from the cell surface, thus enabling latent infection and immune escape in primary and chronic infection. Multicentric Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of the plasma cell type, which has been reported in both HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients, and which frequently contains HHV8 DNA. Pleural effusion lymphoma, or body-cavity-based lymphoma, belongs to the group of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas characterised by pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal lymphomatous effusions in the absence of a solid tumour mass. Pleural effusion lymphoma has an intermediate immunophenotype lacking B or T lymphocyte antigens and also belongs to the diseases associated with HHV8.
 ...
PMID:Update on Kaposi's sarcoma and other HHV8 associated diseases. Part 2: pathogenesis, Castleman's disease, and pleural effusion lymphoma. 1214 97

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) comprises 2.5%-7% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and the gastrointestinal tract is involved in about 20% of cases. Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is an uncommon disease that is regarded as the intestinal form of MCL. We present a rare case of gastrointestinal MCL without MLP, and demonstrate that rituximab was effective for the treatment of this patient. A 61-year-old man presented with continuous diarrhea and hematochezia for a period of 5 months. Superficial lymph nodes were not palpable, but both tonsilla were enlarged. The level of soluble interleukin (IL)2-receptor was 3480 U/ml (normal <500 U/ml). Colonoscopy showed diffuse redness with erosion, without observation of any venous capillary, with these findings continuing from the rectum to the ileum. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a slightly rough gastric mucosal surface, and chicken-skin like mucosa was observed in the second portion of the duodenum. Small-to-medium size lymphoma cells were seen histologically from the tonsilla to the rectum. The lymphoma cells were immunohistochemically positive for CD5, CD20, CD79a, and cyclin D1. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) in the bcl-1 gene. We diagnosed this as a case of MCL from these findings. For treatment, the patient received a total of ten courses of combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (1000 mg), doxorubicin (70 mg), vincristine (2 mg) and prednisolone (50 mg) (CHOP), which led to a partial remission. However, 2.5 years later, massive infiltrations of the lymphoma cells were found in the colon and stomach. As the infiltrating lymphoma cells expressed CD20 molecules on their surfaces, the patient was treated with a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclohal antibody, rituximab, which showed significant efficacy, and a second partial remission was achieved.
 ...
PMID:Non-multiple lymphomatous polyposis form of mantle cell lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract. 1554 63

A comparison of flow cytometry (FC) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) to evaluate bone marrow infiltration was made in 114 patients suffering from B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs; 51 at diagnosis, 63 during post-therapy follow-up). The following parameters were indicative of bone marrow infiltration: altered surface k/l ratio; specific immunophenotypic pattern in particular NHLs (CLL, mantle cell lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia). FC and BMB agreed in 89.5% of cases (i.e. both showed 48 positive and 54 negative cases). In discordant cases (7.9%) and in cases not evaluable by FC (2.6%) IgH rearrangement and bcl-1 gene expression, both evaluated by PCR methods, were used to detect bone marrow infiltration with higher precision. These results show that a more complex analysis of bone marrow is needed to diagnose bone marrow infiltration, particularly in samples with minimal residual disease.
 ...
PMID:[Bone marrow infiltration in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: comparison between flow cytometry and bone marrow biopsy]. 1607 57

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor prognosis that may be confused with less aggressive diseases, such as small lymphocytic lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. In many cases immunophenotyping, particularly analysis of reactivity for CD5 and CD10, is an important adjunct to morphology that usually distinguishes MCL from follicular lymphoma; the former is CD5(+)/CD10(-), whereas follicular lymphoma is the reverse. We report a case of MCL, initially diagnosed as follicular lymphoma, that at presentation expressed neither CD5 nor CD10. At relapse, it was still CD5(-), but CD10 was now detected. Studies for a t(11;14) translocation and CYCLIN D1 protein expression, however, permitted a revised diagnosis of MCL. An MCL with this immunophenotype and classical morphology has not been previously reported.
 ...
PMID:A unique case of mantle cell lymphoma with an aberrant CD5-/CD10+ immunophenotype and typical morphology. 1868 40


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>