Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parallel tubular structures (PTS) and/or the associated electron-dense granules, thought to contain molecules responsible for target cell lysis, can be detected in the cytoplasm of lymphocytes with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology. In the present study we compared PTS presence in freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated overnight in the presence of human pooled serum, sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease and interferon-alpha. Under all conditions we found PTS in the majority of CD16+ cells (64.3-74.8%) but less than 41.8% in CD57+ cells. In the case of double-labeled lymphocytes, 41.0-61.7% CD16+/8+ but only 24.2-27.5% CD57+/8+ cells were PTS+. Thus, in all cases where lymphocytes expressed CD16 antigen there was a high percentage of PTS positivity. Although the PTS+ cells exhibited phenotypic heterogeneity there was, except for a proportion of CD57+ lymphocytes which exhibited less of the characteristic LGL features, generally LGL morphological homogeneity. CD16 lymphocytes are potentially more cytotoxic than CD57 and CD8 cells. Taking this into consideration, the presence of the PTS in the majority of CD16 cells suggests an important role for PTS in target cell lysis.
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PMID:Natural killer cell surface markers on cells containing parallel tubular structures. 137 59

Whereas abundant literature is available on mechanisms imposed by neoplastic diseases on the immune system, only few details are known about immunological parameters of autoreactive mechanisms directed against the heart. This report will focus on cardiac autoreactivity in patients with endomyocardial types of cardiac tumors (e.g. atrial myxomas), Hodgkin's disease, and with neoplastic pericardial effusion. In patients with atrial myxomas antimyolemmal antibodies were significantly increased when compared to non-cardiac controls. Antisarcolemmal antibodies were positive in 100% of trivalent immunoglobulin binding. Antiendothelial antibodies of the IgG type could be found in 86% of patients with atrial myxoma. Circulating immune complexes were present in 6 out of 7 patients. In 107 patients with Hodgkin's disease without pericarditis the presence of antimyolemmal antibodies was lower than in healthy controls. The incidence of antimyolemmal antibodies in 10 patients with pericarditis lymphogranulomatosa was 10%, whereas in postradiation pericarditis 8 of 15 patients demonstrated antimyolemmal antibodies. Antiendothelial antibodies were positive in 7 out of 15 patients. The number of patient lymphocytes available for functional assays is yet too small to permit further conclusions on cellular autoreactive mechanisms in Hodgkin's disease. Antimyocardial antibodies were found both in the serum and in the effusions at least in lower titers in all patients. With regard to in-vitro analysis it can not be excluded that a balance between protective and cytolytic antibodies keeps a normal mean of antibody-mediated cytolysis. Analysing the first line of defense, the natural killer cell activity was found significantly increased in neoplastic pericardial effusions, whereas peripheral blood and pericardial effusion showed no lymphocytotoxicity with isolated myocardial cells.
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PMID:Immunology of cardiac tumors. 223 95

Lymphoblastic lymphomas (LBL) are a morphologically homogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas which are indistinguishable in tissue sections from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although initial immunologic studies of LBL suggested that these lymphomas are of the T-cell phenotype, investigations have recently described patients with LBL having pre-B-cell, "common" ALL, and natural killer cell phenotypes. The authors recently reported detailed immunophenotypic characteristics in 36 cases of LBL, including a single case of LBL with a surface immunoglobulin-positive B-cell phenotype. Three additional patients with LBL whose cells expressed monoclonal serum immunoglobulins are presented here. In addition, the neoplastic lymphocytes expressed several B-cell-associated antigens. The tumor cells in the single case tested were TdT-negative. Despite the unusual immunologic phenotype, the morphologic features in all three cases were characteristic of LBL. In addition to the previously reported single case, to the authors' knowledge these are the only reported cases of a previously unrecognized variant of LBL: surface immunoglobulin-positive, B-cell LBL.
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PMID:Surface immunoglobulin-positive lymphoblastic lymphoma. A report of three cases. 233 73

We have reported two patients with multiple primary cancers in the presence of normal tests of cellular immune function, including normal natural killer cell activity. Immunodeficiency has been associated with an increased incidence of neoplastic disorders, but the resulting malignancies are unique, consisting of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and a limited number of carcinomas. Immunosuppressive therapy and AIDS have been associated with aggressive sarcomas. Immunocompetence is of major importance against certain tumors. On the other hand, in spite of the limitations of the clinical evaluation of immunologic function, immunocompetence is insufficient to protect against neoplasia.
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PMID:Multiple malignancies in immunocompetent patients. 320 3

As part of our efforts to define subpopulations at increased risk for gynecologic malignancies, sera from 145 women were obtained prior to diagnosis and analyzed for antibody to asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide. This neutral glycolipid is present on the surface of thymocytes and natural killer cells, and asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibody has been shown in animals to block natural killer cell activity and promote tumor cell proliferation. With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with a value of 2 SD above the mean for healthy women designated as the boundary for a positive response, antibody to asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide was detected in only one of 30 (3%) healthy women, none of 16 pregnant women, none of 18 women with benign masses, and two of 24 (8%) women with microbial infections. All of the above samples that contained antibodies were barely over the 2 SD limit. In marked contrast, 19 of 35 (54%) women with gynecologic malignancies had asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibodies, with positive values ranging to greater than 10 SD above the control mean. Asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibody was found in six of eight (75%) patients with cervical cancer, five of eight (63%) with endometrial cancer, and seven of 15 (47%) with ovarian cancer. Of the eight patients with Stage I gynecologic cancer at any site, five (62%) had asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide antibodies. Four of 22 (18%) women with Hodgkin's disease also had antibodies, with values just exceeding 2 SD above control levels. The presence of these antibodies may contribute to an impaired immune surveillance system in these women and so increase their susceptibility to malignancy.
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PMID:Antibodies to the neutral glycolipid asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide: association with gynecologic cancers. 397 67

We have studied nine Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD) and ten non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with extraordinarily high anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) titers (greater than 5120). Controls were 13 HD and 23 NHL patients with anti-VCA titers between 40 and 2560. High anti-VCA titers were present in NHL patients at the time of diagnosis or within 16 months, whereas the rise of anti-VCA titers in HD patients appeared to be a late event during the clinical course of the disease (mean time from diagnosis, 68 months). In particular, we have asked whether the exceptionally high anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) titers in some HD and NHL patients can be correlated to some of the EBV-specific and -nonspecific parameters of cell-mediated immunity. The battery of non-EBV-specific immunological tests included the assessment of natural killer cell activity and the analysis of T-lymphocyte subclasses according to surface markers, together with spontaneous and mitogen-induced DNA synthesis and their helper or suppressor activity on PWM-generated immunoglobulin synthesis. Outgrowth inhibition (Ol) and leukocyte migration inhibition were used to assess EBV-specific cell-mediated immunity. The majority of the high-titer HD and NHL patients showed a drastically reduced OKT4:OKT8 ratio in their peripheral lymphocyte population. Low-titer HD and NHL patients showed no such reduction. There was no strict correlation between the number of OKT8-positive cells and suppressor activity in the functional PWM-induced immunoglobulin production test. Part of the high-titer HD patients showed defective cellular responses in the outgrowth inhibition test, directed against the proliferation of EBV-transformed (EBV-determined nuclear antigen-positive) cells. Some of them showed also a deficient leukocyte migration inhibition response to EBV-determined nuclear antigen but, interestingly, not to early antigen-VCA. In the NHL group, only one of the high-titer patients showed a similar defect. None of the low-titer HD and NHL patients showed such defects.
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PMID:Immunological characterization of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with high antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens. 631 84

We report a case of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small cell type arising in the small intestine and having a natural killer cell phenotype. Immunophenotyping of frozen tissue sections revealed a lack of reactivity with the pan-T-cell markers CD3 and CD5, and no reaction with B-cell markers. Positive staining was obtained with antibodies to CD2, CD7, and CD56. Molecular studies were negative for clonal T gamma, T beta and immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements. Natural-killer-cell-associated cytotoxin was demonstrated by positive staining with an antibody to perforin, a protein present in the granules of large granular lymphocytes. Despite its indolent histologic appearance, the aggressive nature of this neoplasm was suggested by the expression of the activation markers CD38 and CD71, and the nuclear proliferation marker Ki67, and confirmed clinically by its rapid recurrence with extensive involvement of the pelvic organs, resistance to chemotherapy, and the short survival of the patient. Distinct from many Asian cases, Epstein-Barr virus genome was not detectable in the tumor. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a natural killer cell phenotype as a distinct entity, both biologically and clinically.
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PMID:Aggressive natural killer cell lymphoma of the small intestine. 767 62

A new classification of lymphoid neoplasms, mostly based on existing terminology, is proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group. The proposed classification was reached through a consensus of the members, despite their diverse backgrounds, and consists of a listing of currently recognized clinicopathological entities. These tumours are divided into three major categories: B-cell neoplasms, T-cell and postulated natural killer cell neoplasms, and Hodgkin's disease. The characterization of each entity is based on a synthesis of all available information. This concept departs from a purely morphological approach to lymphoma classification, which is considered to be inadequate, because many biologically distinctive lymphoma types can exhibit a broad and overlapping morphological spectrum. Some entities are provisional, pending further data to confirm that their recognition is reproducible. The salient clinicopathological features of each entity are summarized in this review.
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PMID:A proposal for classification of lymphoid neoplasms (by the International Lymphoma Study Group). 769 29

In order to target NK cells against the Hodgkin's-derived cell line L540, we developed bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bi-MAbs) by somatic hybridization of the 2 mouse hybridoma cell line HRS-3 and A9 which produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with reactivity against the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell-associated CD30 antigen and the CD16 antigen (Fc gamma III receptor), respectively. The CD16 MAb-producing cell line A9 was selected as a partner for HRS-3 because of its efficiency in inducing lysis of the A9 hybridoma cells by resting NK cells. The hybrid hybridoma cell line HRS-3/A9 produced the supernatant with the strongest bispecific reactivity and was repeatedly subcloned and used for ascites production. Crude supernatant and purified HRS-3/A9 Bi-MAb triggered specific lysis of the CD30+ Hodgkin's-derived cell line L540, but not of the CD30- cell line HPB-ALL by unstimulated peripheral-blood lymphocytes and NK-cell-enriched populations. Moreover, treatment of SCID mice bearing heterotransplanted human Hodgkin's tumors with HRS-3/A9 and human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced specific complete tumor regression in 10/10 animals. We thus report successful tumor treatment in an in vivo model using NK-cell-associated Bi-MAbs and show that the Bi-MAb HRS-3/A9 is an efficient promoter of the anti-tumor effects of NK cells in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:A CD16/CD30 bispecific monoclonal antibody induces lysis of Hodgkin's cells by unstimulated natural killer cells in vitro and in vivo. 824 80

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) alpha (CD25) levels were serially determined in the sera of 20 patients who had undergone adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose IL-2 and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for various types of metastatic solid tumors or Hodgkin's disease. The treatment course consisted of 5 days of high-dose IL-2 priming followed by the collection of peripheral blood leukocytes by leukapheresis, and in vitro activation of mononuclear cells with IL-2, and the subsequent infusion of such prepared LAK-cells together with IL-2. sIL-2R levels increased in all patients following IL-2 administration, and the ratio of baseline sIL-2R levels to those measured after 5 days of IL-2 was significantly correlated with pre-IL-2 levels (p = 0.016) in that higher pre-IL-2 levels resulted in a larger increase upon IL-2 administration. In terms of treatment outcome, the variables analysed included sIL-2R levels, total IL-2 doses administered, the expression of membrane-bound CD25 on in vitro cultured cells (pre- and post-IL-2 exposure), the total number of LAK-cells infused and in vitro cytotoxic activity of LAK-cells against the natural killer cell-resistant cell line Daudi. In a multivariate analysis, low baseline sIL-2R levels (p = 0.095) and high in vitro cytotoxic activity of LAK-cells against Daudi cells (p = 0.082) were jointly associated with response. Our data suggest that serum sIL-2R levels provide a fast and noninvasive parameter for predicting the response in patients treated with IL-2 and LAK-cells.
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PMID:Levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors are predictive of response in patients treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. 853 62


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