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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adhesion molecules play an important role in the functioning of the immune system, particularly with regard to cell-cell interactions and antigen presentation. Several adhesion molecules are expressed on Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines and these are important in their molecular interactions as antigen presenting cells (APC). There are no data regarding the expression of many of these adhesion molecules on Reed-Sternberg cells and its mononuclear variant (Hodgkin's cells (HC)) present in pathological material. To obtain this information we undertook an immunohistological study on material from 18 cases of Hodgkin's disease using a panel of MoAbs to examine the expression of adhesion molecules on HC. The HC were shown to express the integrin beta 1 subfamily molecules, LFA-1 (CD11a) and p150,95 (CD11c) in high density but lacked CR3 (CD11b). All of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily adhesion molecules studied were present to some degree on HC, with ICAM-2, in particular, showing moderate to strong expression in most cases. The Hermes antigen CD44 was present in high density but leukosialin (CD43), another molecule present on diverse leucocyte types, was, in general, not detected on HC. These new data showing that ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and LFA-3 are, like LFA-1, expressed on HC emphasize the ability of HC to act as APC. The known adhesion molecule phenotype of the recently defined haematopoietic lineage of human dendritic cells (DC) is broadly similar to that of HC, perhaps supporting the hypothesis that some HC represent a malignancy of an APC (DC) lineage.
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PMID:Hodgkin's cells express a novel pattern of adhesion molecules. 139 91

Adhesive interactions between lymphocyte cell-surface receptors and components of the vascular endothelium and the extracellular matrix play an important role in the control of lymphocyte migration and homing. To investigate whether lymphocyte adhesion molecules involved in the migration of normal lymphocytes, i.e., CD44 homing receptor, LFA-1 (CD11a/18), and ICAM-1 (CD54), also play a role in the spread and hence in the disease course of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), expression of these molecules was examined in 78 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Other potential risk factors considered in this study were sex, age, primary tumor localization, lineage (T cell vs. B cell), and histopathological subtype. 27 of 53 (51%) patients with a lymphoma having a high CD44 antigen expression showed tumor spread beyond stage II at diagnosis while this was the case in only three of 25 (12%) patients with lymphomas that were CD44 low/negative (chi-square 25.4, p less than 0.001). Similarly, poor response to treatment, i.e., absence of remission or relapse, and or death from lymphoma, was more common among patients with lymphomas expressing high levels of CD44; actuarial survival among patients with CD44 high and low lymphomas was 47% and 91%, respectively (Mantel-Cox 6.1, p = 0.02). Neither LFA-1 nor ICAM-1 expression showed a significant correlation to lymphoma dissemination or disease course. Of the other factors considered, T cell phenotype was associated with an unfavorable prognosis while nodal localization was a risk factor for dissemination. Taken together, our findings suggest that CD44 antigen expression plays an important role in the dissemination of NHL and via this mechanism exerts an unfavorable prognostic influence.
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PMID:Adhesion molecules in the prognosis of diffuse large-cell lymphoma: expression of a lymphocyte homing receptor (CD44), LFA-1 (CD11a/18), and ICAM-1 (CD54). 197 38

Lymphocyte homing receptors (HRs) defined by Hermes antibodies (anti-CD44) and lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18) are involved in lymphocyte binding to endothelial cells of high endothelial venules (HEVs) at sites where lymphocytes exit the blood. Their expression was correlated to the clinical behavior of 245 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas followed up for the median of 87 mo after the diagnosis. Lymphomas that showed no or weak staining intensity for HRs were more often of stage I (P = 0.005), disseminated less frequently hematogenously (P = 0.003), and had more favorable prognosis than lymphomas with intensive staining for HRs (P less than 0.0001) despite that they were more often histologically of high grade malignancy (P = 0.002). Expression of LFA-1 beta chain (CD18) did not correlate significantly with stage or survival, but had prognostic value in a subgroup of HR expression negative lymphomas (P = 0.03). HR staining intensity was an independent prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis. These findings indicate that Hermes/CD44 molecule is associated to the determination of the metastatic potential and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. They also reveal a new entity among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, because lymphomas that express low levels of HR have favorable prognosis despite their often highly malignant histological appearance.
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PMID:Lymphocyte homing and clinical behavior of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 202 49

Lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venules, a central step during extravasation into lymphoid tissues, involves an 85 to 95-kD class of lymphocyte surface glycoproteins, which fall in the cluster of CD44 antigens. In this paper we describe the expression of this homing receptor glycoprotein during lymphoid development. CD44 expression was examined on a large panel of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (n = 234) and lymphoid leukemias (n = 44). These tumors, which are the malignant counterparts of normal lymphoid cells "frozen" at a certain stage of maturation/activation, are thought to represent a complete spectrum of lymphoid development from stem cell to mature, activated T and B lymphocyte. It was found that CD44 exhibits a trimodal distribution on developing lymphocytes of both the T and B lineage: the CD44 antigen is expressed at relatively high levels during early stages of lymphoid differentiation, i.e., on prothymocytes and immature precursor B cells (null acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and common ALL). Subsequently, at the stage of the immature/common thymocyte, the pre-B cell and early B cell (pre-B-ALL and B-ALL), the CD44 antigen is temporarily lost from the cell surface to be reacquired during further T and B cell maturation. At the activated (germinal center) B cell stage. CD44 is heterogeneously expressed. This distribution pattern of the CD44 molecule closely matches the recirculatory versus sessile nature of lymphoid cells at consecutive phases of their development, and thus apparently reflects its homing receptor function. In addition, the relatively high expression of the CD44 antigen in the earliest phases of T and B cell development suggests that the molecule may also be involved in the migration of bone marrow derived lymphoid precursors to their site of maturation.
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PMID:Expression of a human homing receptor (CD44) in lymphoid malignancies and related stages of lymphoid development. 220 31

A recently described splice variant of CD44 has been shown to confer metastatic potential to non-metastasizing rat pancreatic carcinoma and sarcoma cell lines. Using antibodies raised against a bacterial fusion protein encoded by variant CD44 sequences, we have explored the expression of variant CD44 glycoproteins in human lymphoid cells and tissues, in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and in colorectal neoplasia. Normal lymphohematopoietic cells express barely detectable low levels of variant CD44 glycoproteins, while T lymphocytes, upon activation by mitogen or antigen, transiently upregulate expression of specific CD44 variant glycoproteins. The reaction pattern of various antibodies indicates that these CD44 variants contain the domain encoded by exon v6, which is part of the variant that in the rat confers metastatic capability. Interestingly, overexpression of v6 was also found in several aggressive, but not in low-grade, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In human colorectal neoplasia we also observed strong overexpression of CD44 splice variants in all invasive carcinomas and carcinoma metastasis. Interestingly, focal expression was already observed in adenomatous polyps, expression being related to areas of dysplasia. The findings establish CD44 variants as tumor progression markers in colorectal cancer.
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PMID:CD44 splice variants: expression during lymphocyte activation and tumor progression. 750 54

Variant isoforms of CD44 have been strongly implicated in malignant transformation and cancer metastasis. To ascertain the pattern of expression of these isoforms in human normal, fetal and tumor tissues (breast carcinomas, renal cell carcinomas, malignant melanomas, colon carcinomas, non-Hodgkin-lymphomas, neuroblastomas and brain tumors), we generated monoclonal antibodies against CD44 variant regions. Monoclonal antibodies were produced against variant regions encoded by exons 4v, 6v and 9v. CD44 variant isoforms are expressed on normal epithelial cells in a different pattern. Regions of epithelia that expressed the highest levels of the variant isoforms were those with a high rate of cell division. CD44 variant isoforms were not expressed by all investigated tumors (not by malignant melanomas, brain tumors and neuroblastomas). It is interesting that the expression of CD44 isoforms in non-Hodgkins lymphomas and colon carcinomas shows possibly a correlation with malignancy.
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PMID:[Occurrence of CD44 and its isoforms under orthological and pathological conditions]. 751 Dec 97

Local tumor growth has been reported after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of Hodgkin's disease (HD) derived cell lines into different immunodeficient mouse strains. An animal model with disseminated growth of tumor cells would be useful for studying the in vivo biology of HD cells as well as for preclinical testing of new therapeutic regimens. For this purpose the HD-derived cell lines L540, L540cy, L428, and KM-H2 were injected intravenously into SCID mice. In contrast to L428 and KM-H2, widespread neoplasia occurred after a period of four to six weeks following injection of L540 and the subline L540cy. Lymph nodes were found to be the preferred site of tumor growth. CD30 surface antigen expression on Hodgkin cells and the karyotype of the tumor cells were preserved in the animal host. Thus, to a large extent, the SCID mouse model mimics the dissemination pattern of Hodgkin's disease in man. To evaluate the role of adhesion molecule expression in the dissemination of HD-derived cell lines, CD44 and members of the immunoglobulin, integrin, selectin, and Fc receptor families were quantified by flow cytometry. CD30 expression was also measured. Although CD44 expression has been correlated with dissemination in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), this was not the case in the Hodgkin's SCID mouse model. CD44 was not expressed on the disseminating cell lines L540 and L540cy but was expressed in the nondisseminating lines L428 and KM-H2.
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PMID:Disseminated growth of Hodgkin's-derived cell lines L540 and L540cy in immune-deficient SCID mice. 751 37

Low- and high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been investigated by immunohistochemistry for their expression of various integrins and CD44 isoforms. Comparison with the expression patterns obtained in non-malignant adult lymph nodes revealed the following differences: alpha 6 and beta 4 integrins were expressed in several high-grade malignant lymphomas to a lower degree than in both the low-grade malignant lymphomas and the normal lymph nodes; all other integrins (alpha 2, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha v, beta 1, beta 2, beta 3, and beta 7) did not exhibit significant differences in the expression levels between malignant and non-malignant tissues. The standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) was highly expressed in all lymphoid tissues. Using CD44 exons-specific monoclonal antibodies, CD44 variant isoforms were not detected in non-malignant lymph nodes and were detected only rarely in low-grade malignant lymphomas. In contrast, high-grade malignant lymphomas expressed several CD44 variant isoforms, which included the products from the variant exons 3v, 6v, and 9v, but not 4v. Specifically, detection of exon 3v and 6v products indicates a more aggressive phenotype.
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PMID:Expression of integrins and CD44 isoforms in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: CD44 variant isoforms are preferentially expressed in high-grade malignant lymphomas. 752 12

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is implicated in the pathogenesis of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), B-cell lymphomas occurring under immunosuppression, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease. Two distinct patterns of latent EBV gene expression occur in EBV-associated lymphomas. BLs typically display expression of the nuclear antigen EBNAI only, whereas EBV-associated, non-Burkitt B-cell lymphomas express at least 9 latent viral genes (6 EBNAs and 3 latent membrane proteins), reminiscent of in vitro EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). BLs are characterized by local, extra-nodal growth, whereas EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas often disseminate to peripheral lymphoid tissue. We show here that BL cells forming local tumors after xenotransplantation into SCID mice disseminate to lymphoid tissue following introduction of the latent membrane protein I (LMP 1) gene. Introduction of LMP 1 into BL cells induced expression of CD44 on the cell surface, a molecule implicated in enhanced lymphoid tumor growth and dissemination. Introduction of CD44 into LMP 1-/CD44-BL cells was observed to confer the disseminated tumor growth pattern associated with LMP 1 expression. Taken together our results show that expression of LMP 1 may regulate expression of CD44 and play an important role in the behavior of EBV-based lymphomas.
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PMID:Induction of CD44 expression by the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein LMP1 is associated with lymphoma dissemination. 753 55

The family of CD44 glycoproteins has diverse functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The standard form of CD44 is of importance in the dissemination of lymphoma, whereas the clinical significance of the variant exon v6-containing forms of CD44 (CD44v6) is not known. The expression of different forms of CD44 was investigated by using antibodies against the constant part of CD44 (CD44c) and CD44v6 in 56 primary and 17 recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and correlated with several clinicopathological parameters and with prognosis. Fifty-seven per cent of the primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas expressed CD44v6 and 73 per cent expressed the constant epitope. Expression of both CD44c and CD44v6 was associated with low histological grade of malignancy. CD44c expression was associated with a low cellular proliferation rate as assessed by DNA flow cytometry. Of several factors tested, high expression of the variant from v6 was the only factor that was associated with unfavourable recurrence-free survival (P = 0.04). We conclude that CD44v6 is associated with a low histological grade, but, on the other hand, with an unfavourable outcome, which suggests that the combination of CD44v6 and histological grading may form a particularly strong prognostic parameter in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:CD44v6 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an association with low histological grade and poor prognosis. 754 48


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