Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leu-M1, or MMA, originally was proposed as a differentiation antigen on myelomonocytic cells and was said to be useful as an aid in distinguishing lymphoid from myeloid leukemias. Subsequently, it was proposed by Hsu and Jaffe as a useful marker of Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants in paraffin-embedded sections in Hodgkin's disease and as an aid in the differential diagnosis among Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and reactive lymphoid proliferations. In order to test the usefulness of this antibody in classifying acute leukemias and to investigate the spectrum of its positivity on B5 and/or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, a variety of benign and neoplastic hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders were studied, using Leu-M1 and the ABC immunoperoxidase technic. Definite positivity in neoplastic cells was present in 4 of 16 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, 0 of 9 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemias/lymphoblastic lymphoma, 11 of 13 patients with Hodgkin's disease, and 0 of 18 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Granulocyte staining could be identified in many cases. Although not identified in tonsillar sections from three patients, variable numbers of sometimes large mononuclear and rare binucleate cells were identified in some of the 14 reactive lymph nodes studied as well. These data, together with other data recently reported, suggest that in routinely processed tissue sections, Leu-M1 is a relatively sensitive marker for Hodgkin's disease, but it does not appear to be specific for that diagnosis. Although marking some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias in tissue sections, its lack of sensitivity and possible lack of specificity severely limits its usefulness in classifying the acute leukemias.
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PMID:The spectrum of Leu-M1 staining in lymphoid and hematopoietic proliferations. 242 38

The acetylcholine-(ACh-)activated channels of chick myotubes were studied by the patch-clamp method. Single-channel amplitudes were measured over a wide range of potentials in solutions of cesium, arginine, and three small amines. Symmetrical, isotonic cesium solutions gave a linear I-V relationship with the single-channel conductance, gamma, of 42 pS at 11 degrees C. Dilutions of cesium by mannitol shifted the reversal potential 23.9 mV per e-fold change in internal cesium concentration. Selectivity, as defined by reversal potential criteria, depended on the molecular size of the permeant cation. The Q10 of gamma for the symmetrical isotonic cesium solutions as well as internal isotonic methylamine was 1.3-1.4. These properties are qualitatively similar to those seen at the ACh-activated channel of the frog neuromuscular junction. Partially substituting arginine for internal cesium depressed outward currents. 80 mM arginine acted equally well from the inside or the outside, as if arginine transiently blocks the ACh-activated channel in a current dependent way. Diluting internal cesium almost 10-fold, from 320 to 40 mM, increased the permeability of the channel calculated from Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equations by almost threefold. Thus, cesium itself appears to block with a dissociation constant of 135 mM. Methylamine blocked the channel approximately as well as did cesium. Ammonia and ethylamine blocked the channel somewhat more than cesium. We conclude that (a) the channel is qualitatively similar to that of frog neuromuscular junction, (b) cations bind within the channel, and (c) arginine decreases channel conductance equally whether applied from the inside or the outside.
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PMID:Permeability properties of chick myotube acetylcholine-activated channels. 632 17

CD15 is a useful immunohistochemical marker to identify Reed-Sternberg cells in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and to distinguish it from HD-like neoplasms, but data from the literature concerning its expression in HL are quite variable. Using immunohistochemistry we compared the reactivity of three different anti-CD15 clones (MMA, C3D1 and BY87) and found that anti-CD15 MMA clone is a superior reagent in identifying atypical cells, detecting more numerous cells in 28.2%, and being the only positive marker in 12.8% of cases. We conclude that it is advisable to include this reagent in diagnostic immunohistochemical panels.
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PMID:MMA monoclonal antibody is a superior anti-CD15 reagent for the diagnosis of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma? 1748 2

Immunohistochemical detection of CD15 is important in the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma and may play a role in the classification of renal cell tumors (RCTs). In the NordiQC external quality assessment scheme, 4 CD15 tests, each with 71 to 121 participating laboratories, showed that 24% to 50% of the stains were insufficient. This was mainly because of very low primary antibody (Ab) concentration and insufficient heat-induced epitope retrieval, whereas the Ab clone performance seemed of little importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the most commonly used CD15 Abs on the basis of vendor-recommended and in-house optimized protocols. Multitissue blocks with 199 specimens including various malignant lymphomas, RCTs, and normal tissues were stained with 3 different concentrated (conc) CD15 Ab clones Carb-3, MMA, and BY87 according to predetermined in-house optimized protocols on 2 automated immunostaining platforms. Carb-3 and MMA were also applied in ready-to-use (RTU) formats utilized according to vendor protocols. Extension and intensity of stains was determined using the H-score method. Clone Carb-3-conc gave with an in-house optimized protocol the highest H-scores in Hodgkin lymphoma, RCTs, and normal kidney tissue. Clones Carb-3-RTU and MMA-conc gave slightly lower scores, whereas clones MMA-RTU and BY87-conc gave the lowest scores and a large proportion of false-negative reactions. For all concentrated Abs, in-house optimized protocols resulted in increased sensitivity and improved overall staining results compared with vendor-recommended protocols. The importance of Ab selection and protocol optimization in immunohistochemical laboratories is emphasized.
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PMID:Carb-3 is the superior anti-CD15 monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemistry. 2384 25