Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

[(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide is a radiopharmaceutical with a great potential for the visualization of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The overall sensitivity of Somatostatin Receptor Imaging (SRI) to localize neuroendocrine tumors is high. In a number of neuroendocrine tumor types, as well as in Hodgkin's disease, inclusion of SRI in the localization or staging procedure may be very rewarding, either in terms of cost-effectiveness, patient management, or quality of life. The value of SRI in patients with other tumors, like breast cancer, or in patients with granulomatous diseases, has to be established. The development of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) is expected to stimulate peptide receptor imaging.
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PMID:Somatostatin receptor imaging. 1196 3

Somatostatin receptors are widely expressed on cells and tissues throughout the human body. Apart from their expression in the physiological target organs of the peptide, somatostatin receptors are also expressed in various tumours. The expression of somatostatin receptors on neuroendocrine tumours led to the development of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)]-octreotide ((111)In-pentetreotide) in order to visualize somatostatin receptor positive tumours and their metastases in vivo. Previous studies reported the expression of somatostatin receptors in both normal and pathological cells and tissues of the human immune system as well. Somatostatin receptors have been demonstrated in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and sst scintigraphy has shown to be a useful tool in diagnosis and staging of these diseases. Moreover, sst expression has also been detected in granulomateus diseases, like sarcoidosis and auto-immune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper we discuss the (possible) role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in diagnosis, staging or follow-up of patients suffering from sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:The role of octreotide scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis. 1497 19

This article will review the clinical development of ibritumomab tiuxetan, a yttrium-90-conjugated monoclonal antibody to CD20, for patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Ibritumomab is the murine parent anti-CD20 antibody that was engineered to make the human chimeric antibody rituximab. Tiuxetan is an MX-DTPA chelator that is linked to ibritumomab to form ibritumomab tiuxetan. Since yttrium-90 ((90)Y) is a pure beta emitter and cannot be used for patient imaging, indium-111 ((111)In) is chelated to ibritumomab tiuxetan for tumor and normal organ imaging in clinical practice and for dosimetry in clinical trials. (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is the form used for therapy. This review discusses the clinical trials that have demonstrated the efficacy of ibritumomab tiuxetan and summarizes the safety data in patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Two phase I trials of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan were conducted to establish the toxicity profile and the maximum tolerated single dose that could be administered to outpatients without the use of stem cells or prophylactic growth factors. In the first trial, cold ibritumomab was used prior to ibritumomab tiuxetan; the second trial used the human chimeric antibody rituximab. The phase I trials determined that in patients with a platelet count of greater than or equal to 150 x 10(9)/l, a schedule of intravenous rituximab 250 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, and 0.4 mCi/ kg of intravenous (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan on day 8 was safe and efficacious and did not require stem cells. A dose of 0.3 mCi/kg was recommended for patients with a baseline platelet count of 100,000- 149,000 x 10(6)/l. Adverse events were primarily hematologic, and nonhematologic adverse events were primarily due to rituximab. There was no normal organ toxicity. The overall response rate was 67% for all patients and 82% in patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A subsequent phase III trial randomized 143 eligible patients to either rituximab or ibritumomab tiuxetan. The aim was to demonstrate that the addition of the yttrium-90 radioisotope to the antibody provided additional efficacy over the unconjugated ("cold") rituximab alone. The results of this study showed an overall response rate of 80% with (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan versus 56% for rituximab (p = 0.002). An additional trial enrolled 54 patients who were nonresponsive or refractory to rituximab and treated the patients with a single dose of 0.4 mCi/kg (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. An overall response rate of 74% was found in these rituximab-refractory patients. These data provide further evidence of the added value of the yttrium-90. Finally, a fifth trial treated 30 patients with mild thrombocytopenia using 0.3 mCi/kg (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and found an overall response rate of 83%. (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy is a new treatment modality for patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The advantages of this therapy are that it utilizes targeted radiation in a single-dose, outpatient schedule that is well tolerated and accepted by the patient. Future trials will build on these results and determine at what point in the disease course this modality can best be utilized to maximize the benefits to the patient.
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PMID:Yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy: a new treatment approach for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1504 33

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is useful in diagnosing tumors with increased expression of somatostatin receptors. The correct use of this technique reveals the localization of neuroendocrine primary tumors and unknown metastases in approximately 90% of patients. However, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy also can image many other human tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, including malignant lymphomas and thymomas. The sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to image somatostatin receptor-positive tumors is very high, but due to the variable expression of specific receptor subtypes, the specificity can be relatively low. This drawback is crucial in evaluating lymphoproliferative diseases, or, in general, when immune cells are involved. The sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for Hodgkin's lymphoma is 95%-100%, whereas for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma it is around 80%. It has been shown that the uptake of [(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide in lymphomas is lower compared to the uptake in neuroendocrine tumors. This is mainly attributed to the low number of receptors on immune cells compared to neuroendocrine cells; however, ligand-induced internalization and differential receptor regulation may also participate in determining this phenomenon. Therefore, caution should be taken when interpreting data from some studies. Several new ligands are currently under study to improve these limits and the expression of other neuropeptide receptors is being investigated to provide a molecular basis for in vivo multireceptor targeting of tumors. With the use of currently available somatostatin analogs, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy does not seem to have a significant impact in patients with lymphomas for diagnostic purposes. There are a few exceptions, however. Among these, the staging and restaging of extragastric lymphoma MALT-type may present some advantages. Conversely, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the imaging of thymic malignancies could enhance both our diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is diagnostically relevant in differentiating malignant from benign lesions, especially in those patients with associated paraneoplastic syndromes, and is the main criterion to select patients suitable for therapy with somatostatin analogs. Recent findings emerging from in vitro studies on somatostatin receptor physiology in immune cells will certainly reopen and expand the potential applications of somatostatin analogs for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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PMID:Initial staging of lymphoma with octreotide and other receptor imaging agents. 1609 91

A 60-year-old woman presented with a subcutaneous mass on her scalp. Computed tomography (CT) showed a homogeneously enhanced mass of the parietal bone with both intra- and extra-calvarial extension and having destroyed the right parietal bone. The mass was hypointense on the T1-weighted magnetic resonance image, slightly hyperintense on the T2-weighted image and homogenously enhanced with Gd-DTPA. Bone scintigraphy showed prominent accumulation of radioisotopes in the scalp lesion. The tumour was removed, including the involved bone and dura mater. Histologic diagnosis was non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma, and tumour cells had infiltrated into the dura mater. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. She returned to ordinary daily life and has been well without recurrence for 3 years. Although primary malignant lymphoma of the cranial vault is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a mass is encountered in the cranial vault. We have found only fourteen such cases in the literature, and we review these cases.
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PMID:Primary malignant lymphoma of the cranial vault. 1746 Aug 15


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