Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors have studied the consequences of irradiation of the upper part of the left kidney during treatment of the spleen. Seventy-four patients with lymphoma were entered in the study. They have all been followed up for between three and five years. Renal function was assessed by physical examination, biological tests, intravenous pyelograms and nephrotomographies, isotope scans with 197Hg neohydrin, dynamic studies with 131I hippuran and 99Tcm DTPA. No significant changes have been noted for blood pressure, biological tests or IVP. Eighteen months after irradiation renal tomograms showed cortical atrophy of the superior pole of the left kidney. 197Hg neohydrin started to show reduced uptake of the isotope in the irradiated region of the left kidney by the eighth month. 131I hippuran and 99Tcm DTPA detected abnormalities respectively five and three months after irradiation. No compensatory hypertrophy nor change in the overall kidney function have been noted. In Hodgkin's disease, radiotherapy has proved its efficiency in splenic involvement and the lack of secondary renal side effects. On the other hand, morbidity was shown to occur in 5% of cases after splenectomy. From these data, it is proposed to prefer radiotherapy rather than surgery for splenic treatment.
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PMID:Renal consequences of irradiation of the spleen in lymphoma patients. 42 53

A wide variety of primary and metastatic human neoplasms express somatostatin receptors (SS-Rs). We evaluated the SS-R status of malignant lymphomas that had been surgically removed from 31 patients by use of in vitro SS-R autoradiography with the SS analog 125I-[Tyr3]-octreotide as radioligand. Of 11 low-grade-malignancy B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 10 were SS-R-positive, with a high receptor density restricted to the neoplastic follicles. All of the 8 intermediate-grade lymphomas were SS-R-positive. Of the B-cell lymphomas of high-grade malignancy, 7 out of 10 were SS-R-positive, often with a high density of receptors. One T-cell lymphoma and one Hodgkin's lymphoma were also positive. SS-Rs were of high affinity (KD = 1.2 nM) and specific for bioactive SS analogs. In 4 patients, the lymphomas were localized in vivo by use of gamma-camera scintigraphy after i.v. injection of the SS analog 111In-[DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide. Hot spots, identified in all 4 patients, corresponded to SS-R-positive malignant-lymphoma tissue, as confirmed by receptor autoradiography of the surgically removed tumors. Our data show that SS-Rs are valuable pathobiochemical tissue markers and potentially useful in vivo diagnostic tools for human malignant lymphomas.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo detection of somatostatin receptors in human malignant lymphomas. 134 40

Various tumors of neuroendocrine origin that have amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) characteristics can be visualized in vivo after intravenous (IV) injection of the somatostatin analogue, [123I-Tyr3]-octreotide. However, the relatively short effective half-life of this compound and the high background of radioactivity in the abdomen are drawbacks to its application. Therefore, an 111In-coupled somatostatin analogue ([111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]- octreotide) was developed. This analogue is excreted mainly via the kidneys, with 90% of the dose being present in the urine 24 hours after injection. Using 111In-octreotide scintigraphy, seven of seven gastrinomas, four of seven insulinomas, one of one glucagonomas, three of three unclassified APUDomas, and none of 18 exocrine pancreatic carcinomas were visualized. Also, 19 of 19 carcinoids, 15 of 15 glomus tumors, eight of 12 medullary thyroid carcinomas, six of six small-cell lung carcinomas, four of four growth hormone-producing and six of nine clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas were visualized. Apart from APUD cell-derived tumors, 111In-octreotide scintigraphy was also successfully applied in visualizing breast cancer, lymphomas, and granulomas. In 39 of 50 patients with breast carcinoma, 10 of 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, three of three patients with Hodgkin's disease, and eight of eight patients with sarcoidosis, tumor sites accumulated radioactivity during octreotide scintigraphy. In a considerable number of patients with carcinoids and glomus tumors, and also in patients with granulomas and lymphomas, 111In-octreotide scintigraphy showed more tumor sites than did conventional imaging techniques. The results of imaging in vivo correlated with the somatostatin-receptor status on the tumors in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:111In-octreotide scintigraphy in oncology. 135 91

Most HIV-infected patients present with associated diseases (inflammations, hyperplastic disorders of the lymphatic tissue and malignancies) in the head and neck region. Speculum, endoscopy, ultrasound and computed tomography are important tools in the diagnostic management of HIV presentations. Moreover, MR is known to be an excellent technique especially in the evaluation of soft tissue disorders. -A prospective study of 23 out of 161 HIV-seropositive patients was performed to determine the efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-related disorders. T1- and T2-sequences, as well as the contrast medium uptake (Gd-DTPA), presentation in three planes and the morphology of the tissue were useful parameters to distinguish the different HIV-related diseases (lymphatic hyperplasia, inflammation, Kaposi's sarcoma, Hodgkin's und Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoepithelial cysts and carcinoma) in most cases even prior to histological examination. -MR proved to be a significant non-invasive diagnostic tool especially in HIV-associated soft tissue disorders in the head and neck.
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PMID:[Proton spin tomography in HIV 1-induced diseases in head and neck region]. 193 Apr 94

Parallel studies of radionuclide bone marrow imaging and bone scanning are helpful in the early diagnosis of skeletal metastasis. In bone marrow imaging, most lesions are observed as a local defect. We had two cases of nonmetastatic lesions which appeared as local defects in bone marrow imaging. The first case was a male Hodgkin's disease patient, aged 48, who had been treated with frequent chemotherapy, including the administration of a large quantities of steroids. He complained of slight pain in the left shoulder. Without increased uptake in bone scanning, abnormal accumulation of 67Ga-citrate and a local defect in bone marrow imaging appeared, corresponding to localization of the pain. Suspecting bone marrow metastasis, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An area of slightly decreased intensity in T1-weighted spin-echo images and lower intensity than fat tissue in T2-weighted images were observed, although it was slightly enhanced by Gd-DTPA. This lesion was diagnosed by biopsy as a bone infarction. The second case was that of a 69-year-old male lung cancer patient. Though no abnormality was revealed by bone scanning or 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy, an apparent defect at the 10th thoracic vertebra was observed in bone marrow imaging. It was not accompanied by pain. MRI was also performed in this case. This was depicted as a clearly defined high intensity area. This was diagnosed as a fat island, and no change has been seen in the seven months of follow up. In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the possibility of nonmetastatic lesions, when local defects appear in bone marrow imaging performed on cancer patients.
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PMID:[Bone infarction and fat island appearing as local defects in radionuclide bone marrow imaging]. 202 Jan 40

The diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging compared with computed tomography in lymphomas and pathological enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck region are presented. Whereas plain MRI examinations showed the same diagnostic sensitivity as CT, application of the paramagnetic contrast medium Gd-DTPA in 50 of 87 patients clearly increased diagnostic accuracy. Signal intensities of T1- or T2-weighted images before therapy (operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) and after administration of Gd-DTPA were enhanced, compared with posttherapeutic and plain examinations. An increase after therapy in two patients signalled a relapse or residual tumour tissue; a decrease in three cases was evaluated as response to therapy. Other differential diagnostic processes such as lipomas, neurinomas, glomus tumours etc. were differentiated with the help of signal intensity curves after administration of contrast media and the use of a gradient echo sequence TR/TE = 30/12 msec with a flip angle of 30 degrees. Differentiation of tissue based on morphological criteria such as homogeneity of tumour tissue or the delineation against surrounding tissue structures showed in the case of Hodgkin's disease and inflammatory diseases mainly homogeneous elements without ring-shaped structure. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas had a predominantly homogeneous structure. In squamous cell carcinomas MR revealed in two cases a ring-shaped enhancement.
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PMID:[Diseases of the lymphatic system of the head and neck region. A comparative study of MRI and CT]. 320 88

A child with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and massively enlarged kidneys received a single dose of 300 rad (3 Gy) to the right kidney before initiation of chemotherapy. Measurement of the split renal function with 99m-Tc-DTPA four days postirradiation revealed that the function of the right kidney had substantially deteriorated, suggesting that hazards may be involved with the use of radiation therapy for lymphoblastic renal masses.
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PMID:Radiation therapy of lymphoblastic renal masses--benefit or hazard? 398 3

Patients with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are staged for treatment based on the extent of known disease involvement and the histopathologic grading of the disease. Radiological techniques, including computed tomography, usually depend on estimates of lymph node enlargement and mass effects as the criterion for disease involvement. Lymphomatous tissue obtained at surgery has shown high-density somatostatin receptors. Several groups have evaluated the utility of 111In-DTPA-pentetreotide (Octreoscan, Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) to detect lymphomatous tissue for more accurate staging of patients with lymphoma. The procedure is safe; both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins disease involvement is identified. The results, however, have not been uniformly predictive of disease involvement. Consequently, the routine use of this technique in place of currently used anatomic imaging methods is not recommended at this time. The significance of detecting somatostatin receptors in vivo in patients with malignant lymphoma requires further study.
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PMID:Somatostatin-receptor imaging in lymphoma. 757 45

Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of 15 patients with primary mediastinal Hodgkin's disease was done before, during and after treatment. A total of 43 MR examinations were performed. After successful treatment, 13 patients had residual masses with reduced signal intensity (SI) ratio in the T2-weighted images. The majority of these also had decreased contrast enhancement as compared with the corresponding primary tumour. There was a significant positive correlation between the contrast enhancement and the SI ratios in the T2-weighted images of the primary tumours and/or the residual masses. Necrosis was seen in 3 of the primary tumours and one patient had a cystic residual mass. These necrotic/cystic lesions were easier to detect with the use of Gd-DTPA. Low SI ratio in the T2-weighted image and low contrast enhancement of the residual mass seem to indicate residual inactivity. Gd-DTPA facilitates the differentiation between cystic/necrotic and solid lesions.
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PMID:Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. 794 79

Renal function was prospectively analysed in 26 patients treated with radiotherapy for various types of malignancies. In patients with gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma stage I-II (gNHL, n = 5), the 99mTc-diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renal uptake and the relative 99mTc-dimercapto-succinyl acid (99mTc-DMSA) accumulation decreased gradually and concomitantly in the high-dose, whole-volume irradiated left kidney (40 Gy/5, 5 weeks), down to 25 +/- 10% (mean +/- 1 S.E.M.) and 31 +/- 11%, respectively, after 6-9 years. The absolute 99mTc-DMSA uptake in the left kidney declined down to 33 +/- 12% whereas in the low-dose, whole-volume irradiated right kidney (12-13 Gy/3 weeks) it increased up to 187 +/- 11%. When considering renal volume changes with single photon emission computed tomography, the left kidney in the gNHL patients was reduced to 30 +/- 13%, with, surprisingly, a contralateral enlargement up to only 119 +/- 7% (P < 0.05). The overall renal function in this group of patients, as assessed by creatinine clearance and by [125I]iothalamate/[131I]hippuran clearance was reduced to 48-68%. In the Hodgkin's disease patients (HD, n = 7) given 40 Gy in 4 weeks to 30-50% of the left kidney, the 99mTc-DTPA filtration and the relative 99mTc-DMSA uptake in the left kidney was reduced to 75 +/- 4% and 81 +/- 3%, respectively. The absolute 99mTc-DMSA changes were 78 +/- 10% and 135 +/- 13%, respectively. No significant renal functional alterations were observed in patients with either ovarian carcinoma (n = 7) or seminoma (n = 7). These data suggest a significant, compensatory response of the non-irradiated or low-dose irradiated kidney which, however, appears to be incomplete after contralateral, whole-volume, high-dose irradiation. Such compensatory response might be overestimated when considering only relative or absolute changes in radioactivity uptake.
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PMID:Compensatory renal response after unilateral partial and whole volume high-dose irradiation of the human kidney. 811 Apr 93


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