Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were immunohistochemically studied for the presence of the CD30 (Ki-1) activation antigen using a monoclonal antibody BerH2 on paraffin-embedded, formaldehyde-fixed tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using the avidin-biotin complex technique and was preceded by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (0.05% for 20 minutes). Ninety percent (56/64) of cases of Hodgkin's disease, other than lymphocyte predominance type, showed positive tumor cells, although the positivity was often focal. In contrast, lymphocyte predominance type showed CD30 in only two of nine cases. CD30 was commonly seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Five of 37 large-cell lymphomas showed extensive CD30 positivity and morphologically represented large-cell anaplastic lymphomas ("Ki-1 lymphomas"). Apart from this, occasional CD30-positive cells were seen in nine of 32 large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. About half of the nodular small cleaved-cell lymphomas contained CD30-positive cells, two of them showing large numbers of positive cells both within and outside the nodules. Lymphocytic lymphoma sometimes (6/17) showed a few CD30-positive cells. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas showed positive cells in three of eight cases. The positive cases were one lymphoma with small groups of epithelioid cells (Lennert's lymphoma) and two immunoblastic lymphadenopathylike peripheral T-cell lymphomas. The results show that CD30 is more widespread than originally thought in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and that especially nodular small cleaved-cell lymphomas often contain positive cells. These findings have to be considered in the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of lymphomas. Obviously, CD30 alone cannot be used to differentiate between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CD30-positive cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may represent a link between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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PMID:CD30 distribution. Immunohistochemical study on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 133 42

We conducted a follow-up study to evaluate mortality among 14,861 workers employed in five facilities producing or using phenol and formaldehyde. More than 360,000 person-years of follow-up accrued. Mortality rates from all causes of death combined were similar to those in the general U.S. population. We observed excesses of cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the kidney, and Hodgkin's disease among workers exposed to phenol, but none of these excesses showed a dose-response relation with exposure to phenol. Excess lung cancer mortality (SMR = 1.2) showed no consistent pattern by any exposure index. Workers exposed to phenol had lower mortality ratios for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the brain, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, disease of the digestive system, and cirrhosis of the liver. Of these, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, and cirrhosis of the liver were inversely related to duration of phenol exposure and to cumulative phenol exposure levels. Although these inverse associations may be due to chance or uncontrolled confounders, the ability of phenol to interfere with the generation of oxidants in experimental systems suggests that the pattern may have biologic plausibility.
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PMID:Mortality among industrial workers exposed to phenol. 205

A monoclonal antibody, termed Ki-M6 (CD68), which shows a restricted reactivity to cells of the monocyte/macrophage system, has been evaluated primarily with the use of cryostat sections. In this study the authors could assess that the Ki-M6 antibody recognizes a fixation-resistant epitope in most human macrophages. The Ki-M6 immunoreactivity with monocyte/macrophage-related cells was established by testing on routinely processed samples of reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissues; it was compared with the staining for vimentin (V9) and S-100 protein antibodies, with visualization of the stationary elements of lymphoid tissues, with the aim of establishing its value in the study of the nonlymphoid microenvironment. The Ki-M6 antibody reactivity could be achieved with Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, without any proteolytic treatment, with the use of the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method, especially after overnight incubation time at 4 degrees C. Some reduction in antigenic reactivity was observed in B5- or formaldehyde-fixed samples. The antibody reacted with macrophages of all different lymph node compartments; a broad reactivity against cells of macrophage lineage, including multinucleated giant cells, was observed in epithelioid granulomas. Ki-M6-positive cells other than classic macrophages were the so-called "plasmacytoid T-cells" and cells displaying elongated cytoplasms with fibroblastic-like features. Granulocytes, follicular dendritic reticulum cells, and interdigitating reticulum cells did not reveal any reactivity with Ki-M6 antibody. In malignant lesions, neoplastic cells of follicular and diffuse B- and T-cell lymphomas, including large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease were negative in all cases studied. This study shows that Ki-M6 seems to be another anti-macrophage-specific antibody that reacts, in routinely processed tissue sections, with tissue macrophages but not with accessory cells. Thus, it may be a valuable addition to vimentin and S-100 protein antibodies for investigation of the microenvironmental organization of lymphoid tissues both in normal and neoplastic conditions.
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PMID:Ki-M6 immunostaining in routinely processed sections of reactive and neoplastic human lymphoid tissue. 224 92

Antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA) are valuable in surgical pathology in the diagnostic separation of malignant lymphomas from poorly differentiated neoplasms of other types. However, several publications have reported difficulty in obtaining adequate LCA labeling in paraffin-embedded specimens. To assess this problem further, we applied an amplified version of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex procedure to 315 formaldehyde-fixed hematopoietic malignancies, and 420 nonhematopoietic tumors that had been similarly processed. All non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were LCA-reactive with this method, whereas none of the nonhematopoietic neoplasms were stained. Twelve of 25 cases of Hodgkin's disease displayed LCA-positivity in Reed-Sternberg cells, but all contained reactive, benign inflammatory cells. Hence, the specificity of the amplified anti-LCA/avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was 100%, and its sensitivity was 96%. This procedure should allow surgical pathologists to obtain reliable, reproducible staining of hematopoietic neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissues.
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PMID:Immunostaining for leukocyte common antigen using an amplified avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and paraffin sections. A study of 735 hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic human neoplasms. 244 89

The production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) designated Ber-H2, directed against a new epitope of the Ki-1 (CD30) antigen, are described. In comparison with the formerly reported Ki-1 MoAb whose reactivity with Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells in frozen tissue sections is well-documented, the Ber-H2 MoAb showed new, important features: the labeling intensity of the Ber-H2 MoAb was much stronger, and the number of positively labeled cells was higher. Most important, however, was that the Ber-H2 MoAb could be applied in routinely processed, formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Therefore, it was possible to investigate an unprecedented number of tumors received as frozen or formaldehyde-fixed material for expression of the CD30 antigen. Beside Hodgkin's disease, the Ber-H2 MoAb labeled a variable number of cells in lymphomatoid papulosis, peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and angoimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Among B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), some cases containing large centroblast-like or immunoblast-like cells or displaying plasma-cellular differentiation were positive. This finding was in keeping with the reactivity of the Ber-H2 MoAb with activated B-cell blasts and a subpopulation of plasma cells in paraffin sections of normal lymphoid tissue. The diagnostic value of the Ber-H2 MoAb was most significant for a group of anaplastic large-cell (ALC) lymphomas (formerly frequently referred to as malignant histiocytosis or regressive atypical histiocytosis), of which more than 50 cases could be investigated, owing to applicability in paraffin sections. Although about one third of these ALC lymphomas did not express the leukocyte common (CD45) antigen, they were consistently reactive with the Ber-H2 MoAb in both frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Using the Ber-H2 MoAb, these Ki-1 lymphomas could be easily distinguished from other nonlymphoid anaplastic large-cell tumors.
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PMID:BER-H2: a new anti-Ki-1 (CD30) monoclonal antibody directed at a formol-resistant epitope. 247 85

A historical cohort study evaluated the mortality experience of 26,561 workers employed in 10 formaldehyde-producing or -using facilities. Approximately 600,000 person-years of follow-up accrued as workers were followed to January 1, 1980. Estimates of historical exposure to formaldehyde by job were developed by project industrial hygienists using monitoring data available from participating plants, comments from long-term workers, and comprehensive monitoring data specifically collected for this study. Mortality from all causes combined was about as expected [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 96] based on mortality rates of the general U.S. population. Significantly fewer deaths occurred from infective and parasitic diseases (SMR = 51) and from accidents (SMR = 72) than expected. Cancer overall was not related to formaldehyde exposure. Workers exposed to formaldehyde had slight excesses for Hodgkin's disease and cancers of the lung and prostate gland, but these excesses were not consistently related to duration of or average, cumulative, or peak formaldehyde exposure levels. Recent animal studies found nasal cancer among rats exposed to formaldehyde, but no excess of this tumor occurred in this study. Mortality from brain cancer and leukemia among these industrial workers was not excessive in contrast to reported excesses among professional groups (e.g., anatomists, embalmers, and pathologists) with exposure to formaldehyde. Although there was a deficit for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, mortality from certain subsites, i.e., the nasopharynx and oropharynx, was elevated. These subsites did not, however, show a consistently rising risk with level of exposure. These data provide little evidence that mortality from cancer is associated with formaldehyde exposure at levels experienced by workers in this study.
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PMID:Mortality among industrial workers exposed to formaldehyde. 793 14

The major components of untreated wood--cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin--have not been implicated as toxicants, but extractive substances, especially in heartwood, can be toxic. Decay-resistant woods are more likely to contain irritants or sensitizers than nondurable woods. Short-term exposures to certain wood dusts may result in asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, or allergic dermatitis, but long-term effects may include nasal cancer and Hodgkin's disease. Some thermophilic microorganisms found in wood are human pathogens, and septic splinters (chromomycosis) and inhalation of ascomycete spores from stored wood chips have been implicated in human illnesses. Reconstituted wood can contain formaldehyde resins, which pose health risks in enclosed humid areas. Pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated wood is particularly toxic--short-term exposures to PCP-treating solutions can lead to aplastic anemia and mortality, while diseases such as Hodgkin's disease are associated with long-term exposures. Since much commercial lumber is dipped in PCP, the separation of the chronic effects of wood dust from PCP exposure is difficult. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)- and ammoniacal copper arsenite (ACA)-treated wood may leach arsenic. CCA-treated wood is potentially safer, since it contains the pentavalent arsenic, which is a common constituent in the environment. ACA contains the trivalent arsenic, which is more toxic.
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PMID:Health hazards of natural and introduced chemical components of boatbuilding woods. 390 39

The distribution of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was studied immunohistochemically in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue. The potential of Bcl-2 for the differential diagnosis of follicular lesions was emphasized, and the results on follicular lesions were correlated with those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. In hyperplastic lymphoid tissue, Bcl-2 reactivity was widespread, including germinal center surroundings, scattered cells within the germinal centers, and the T-cell areas in general. Distinctively negative lymphoid populations included the majority of germinal center cells, and the negative staining pattern was maintained in cases of florid hyperplasia. In contrast, follicular lymphoma cells were consistently Bcl-2 positive. The immunohistochemical Bcl-2 reactivity of lymphoma follicles correlated with the clonal PCR amplification pattern of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene; all Bcl-2-negative hyperplasias revealed a non-clonal pattern. Clusters of monocytoid B cells were Bcl-2 negative, whereas monocytoid B-cell lymphomas and closely related MALT lymphomas were positive. All other small cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell types showed nearly uniform Bcl-2 reactivity, whereas large cell B-cell lymphomas were variably positive (74%). In Hodgkin's cells, Bcl-2 reactivity was seen in the neoplastic populations of most cases of nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity types, whereas the L&H and Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease were negative in most cases. Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry thus appears very valuable in the differential diagnosis of follicular hyperplasia and neoplasia, and it may help to distinguish between reactive and neoplastic monocytoid B cells. However, Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry is not useful in the subtyping of B-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Bcl-2 oncoprotein is widespread in lymphoid tissue and lymphomas but its differential expression in benign versus malignant follicles and monocytoid B-cell proliferations is of diagnostic value. 748 87

Jobs and exposures in woodwork may entail an elevated risk of lymphomas and leukemias. Exposures occurring in woodwork were scrutinized in a small industry-based case-referent study of four cases of Hodgkin's disease, eight cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 12 cases of leukemia, and 152 matched referents, all from the Finnish wood industry. Past exposures to wood dust, chlorophenols, terpenes, and engine exhaust, individually reconstructed through plant- and period-specific job exposure matrices, were unrelated to lymphoma/leukemia risk. Exposures to various solvents were associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.6 (95% confidence interval 1.0-32.0). The OR for formaldehyde was 2.5 (nonsignificant). The results are interpreted as providing limited evidence of the role of exposure to some as yet unidentified organic solvents in increasing the risk of malignant lymphomas. Formaldehyde may be another woodwork-related risk factor for some lymphomas, but the power of the study was too low for empirical confirmation of this possibility. Leukemias did not seem to be associated with any of the exposures studied.
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PMID:Malignant lymphomas and leukemias, and exposures in the wood industry: an industry-based case-referent study. 831 19

Mantle cell lymphoma (formerly known as intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma, diffuse centrocytic lymphoma, or diffuse small cleaved lymphoma) is one of the small cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma entities that is clinically more aggressive than small lymphocytic lymphoma, and needs to be separated from it. Mantle cell lymphoma is strongly associated with the t(11;14) chromosomal translocation that rearranges the bcl-1 oncogene (PRAD-1 gene) and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. In this study, we developed a nested polymerase chain reaction system to evaluate the t(11;14) translocation. The study material consisted of 10 mantle cell lymphomas fulfilling the criteria suggested by other authors (P. M. Banks et al. Surg Pathol 16:637, 1992). A novel nested polymerase chain reaction system was used to evaluate the bcl-1 breaks in the major translocation cluster using two successive polymerase chain reaction amplifications. This reaction yielded a background-free single product of the size of 200 to 300 base pairs in four of 10 mantle cell lymphomas. The identity of the product from the nested polymerase chain reaction was confirmed by Southern blotting followed by hybridization with a specific probe. The amplification products were also evaluated by Sst-I, Alu-I, Dde-I, and Ita-I restriction enzymes and showed different patterns of digestion reflecting individual differences between the MTC/ IgH junctions. A selection of other low-grade lymphomas, including lymphocytic, follicular, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia and 29 hyperplastic lymph nodes were negative. This nested polymerase chain reaction system for the t(11;14) translocation involving major translocation cluster offers a convenient specific identification for mantle cell lymphoma. However, this test has a limited diagnostic power because only about half of the mantle cell lymphomas show the bcl-1 breaks in the major translocation cluster. The test performs well in formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded material, allowing the study of large numbers of retrospective cases of mantle cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Molecular diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma in paraffin-embedded tissue. 872 72


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