Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019829 (Hodgkin's disease)
 30,247 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a study of 6,389 male cancer patients diagnosed and treated at the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia from 1950-1975, several associations were detected between occupation and specific cancers. Elevated risks for lung cancer were seen in miners, metal processors and machinists, while a reduced risk was seen in farmers. Lip cancer excesses were detected in individuals involved in several outdoor occupations, and melanoma excesses were seen for three groups of predominantly indoor workers. These results confirm previous findings in the literature, whereas the following associations have not been previously reported. Fishermen were found to have an excess of Hodgkin's Disease (RR = 3.0, 95% C.I. = 1.4,6.5), engineers are at an elevated risk of cancer of the pancreas (RR = 4.2, C.I. = 1.8,9.9), and forestry workers have an elevated risk of bladder cancer (RR = 1.7, C.I. = 1.1,2.6). Further studies will be needed to replicate the new associations detected here.
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PMID:Occupational associations among British Columbia male cancer patients. 220 45

We have conducted a cohort study of cancer risks among 140,208 Swedish farmers in order to compare their cancer risks with those of the general male population. Since there were no individual data regarding exposure to agricultural chemicals and acquiring such data was not realistic, we obtained crude and hypothetical estimates for exposure by dividing the data into time periods, year-of-birth cohorts and geographical areas. The cohort was followed-up in the Cancer Environment Register from 1 January 1971 either until death or until 31 December 1987. The relative risk was computed as the ratio of the observed and expected number of cases (SIR = standardized incidence ratio). A total of 15,040 cases were observed vs 18,918 expected, resulting in a statistically significant decreased SIR of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.78-0.81). The SIR was significantly decreased for several cancer sites, and the lowest value was found for tongue, lung, oesophagus, liver and urinary organs, which is in agreement with other studies on cancer risks among farmers. Other major cancer sites with decreased SIRs were the colon, rectum, pancreas and kidney. Lip cancer and multiple myeloma showed statistically significant increased risks. SIRs for stomach cancer, prostate cancer, skin carcinoma, malignant melanoma, tumours in connective tissue or muscle, malignant lymphomas and leukaemia were all close to unity, which is not consistent with several other studies that have shown increased risks for these sites. For malignant lymphomas the SIR increased over time, though not significantly, and was highest among younger farmers. The SIR for non-Hodgkin lymphoma was lowest in the northernmost region. This gives some support to the hypothesis that there is an association between non-Hodgkin lymphoma and exposure to pesticides and other agricultural chemicals. It is of note that the SIR for multiple myeloma was significantly increased in those parts of Sweden where the use of pesticides has been less frequent and in lower amounts.
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PMID:Cancer risks among male farmers in Sweden. 772 1

The major source of ultraviolet radiation is solar radiation or sunlight. However, exposure to artificial sources particularly through tanning salons is becoming more important in terms of human health effects, as use of these facilities by young people, has increased. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has noted that there is sufficient evidence from studies in animals and in man to establish ultraviolet radiation as a human carcinogen. Skin cancer has been the most commonly studied cancer site with respect to UV radiation. The nature and timing of sun exposure appear to be important determinants of both the degree of risk and the type of skin cancer. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and basal cell cancer are much more strongly related to measures of intermittent ultraviolet exposure (particularly those of childhood or adolescence) than to measures of cumulative exposure. In contrast, squamous cell cancer is more strongly related to constant or cumulative sun exposure. Lip cancer is causally related to lifetime sun exposure. It has been estimated that solar ultraviolet radiation accounts for approximately 93 percent of skin cancers and about half of lip cancers. This translates to approximately 4,500 life-threatening cancers (cutaneous malignant melanoma) per year in Canada, as well as 65,000 less serious cancers (basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer and lip cancer). Appropriate clothing use, care not to sunburn and judicious use of sunscreens could prevent at least half of these and save approximately 450 lives per year. In addition, physician and public education programs can significantly increase the proportion of melanomas diagnosed early. Lesions that have not yet penetrated deeply are associated with a mortality rate of less than five percent. Several recent studies suggest a possible inverse relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colon, breast and prostate cancer, and investigators have speculated that this might be due to the higher serum levels of vitamin D stimulated by high lifetime sun exposure. Further, studies conducted within cohorts using stored pre-diagnostic serum suggest that those with high levels of vitamin D have lower incidence rates of a number of malignancies, particularly colon cancer. However, since serum vitamin D levels can be raised through the use of supplements without increasing risk for skin lip and other known UV-related cancers, changes to health policy with regard to exposure are not merited at this point. Further research is needed in this area.
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PMID:Ultraviolet radiation. 2119 99